Panax Explained

The Panax (ginseng) genus belongs to the Araliaceae[1] (ivy) family. Panax species are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. Panax is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution.[2] Furthermore, this disjunct distribution is asymmetric as only two of the ~18 species in genus are native to North America.

Etymology

The name Panax, meaning "all-healing" in Greek, shares the same origin as "panacea" and was used for this genus because Carl Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine.

Panax species

Genus Panax[3]

Subgenus Panax

Section Panax

Series Notoginseng

Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (known as san qi, tian qi or tien chi)

Series Panax

Panax arunachalensis Taram, A.P.Das & Tag[4] [5]

Panax assamicus (Assam Ginseng) [6]

Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. [7]

var. angustifolius (Burkill) J.Wen

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, Asiatic ginseng, Oriental ginseng)[8]

Panax japonicus (T.Nees) C.A.Mey. (Japanese ginseng)[9] [10] [11]

Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng)

Panax sokpayensis Shiva K.Sharma & Pandit [12]

Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.

Panax wangianus S.C.Sun [13]

Panax zingiberensis C.Y.Wu & Feng

Section Pseudoginseng

Panax pseudoginseng Wall.

Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng [14] [15]

Subgenus Trifolius

Panax trifolius L.

Hybrids:

Notes and References

  1. Encyclopedia: Ivy Family - Araliaceae - Common names. Encyclopedia of Life. 2018-07-14.
  2. Zuo. Yun-Juan. Wen. Jun. Ma. Jin-Shuang. Zhou. Shi-Liang. 2015. Evolutionary radiation of the Panax bipinnatifidus species complex (Araliaceae) in the Sino-Himalayan region of eastern Asia as inferred from AFLP analysis. Journal of Systematics and Evolution. en. 53. 3. 210–220. 10.1111/jse.12119. 82972879 . 1759-6831.
  3. Web site: 'Panax search' from the Plant List . The Plant List, v. 1.1 . 2013 . June 20, 2017 .
  4. Web site: Panax arunachalensis Taram, A.P.Das & Tag . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023-05-06 .
  5. Taram . Momang . Das . A.P. . Tag . Hui . 2018 . A new species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India . Pleione . 12 . 2 . 315–321 . 10.26679/Pleione.12.2.2018.315-321 . amp . free .
  6. Web site: Panax Assamicus.
  7. Web site: Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. — The Plant List. 2018-07-14.
  8. Web site: Asian Ginseng . September 2016 . National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) . June 24, 2017 .
  9. 10.3389/fpls.2016.00481. 1664-462X. 7. 481. Rai. Amit. Yamazaki. Mami. Takahashi. Hiroki. Nakamura. Michimi. Kojoma. Mareshige. Suzuki. Hideyuki. Saito. Kazuki. RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis of Panax japonicus, and Its Comparison with Other Panax Species to Identify Potential Genes Involved in the Saponins Biosynthesis. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016. 27148308. 4828455. free.
  10. Web site: Japanese ginseng. TheFreeDictionary.com. 2018-07-14.
  11. Book: Plantae Medicinales oder Sammlung offizineller Pflanzen..
  12. Sharma . Shiva Kumar . Pandit . Maharaj Krishan . A New Species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya, India . Systematic Botany . 2009 . 34 . 2 . 434–438 . 40211904. 10.1600/036364409788606235 . 198131033 .
  13. Web site: Panax wangianus S.C.Sun — The Plant List. 2018-07-14.
  14. Web site: Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng — The Plant List. 2018-07-14.
  15. Trieu . Le Ngoc . Mien . Nguyen Tuong . Van Tien . Tran . Van Ket . Nguyen . Van Duy . Nong . Genetic diversity of Tsai in North Vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers . Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment . 16 March 2016 . 30 . 3 . 506–511 . 10.1080/13102818.2016.1157448. free .
  16. 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.002 . 2019 . Kim . Jong Youn . Adhikari . Prakash Babu . Ahn . Chang Ho . Kim . Dong Hwi . Chang Kim . Young . Han . Jung Yeon . Kondeti . Subramanyam . Choi . Yong Eui . Journal of Ginseng Research . 43 . 1 . 38–48 . 30662292 . 6323240 .
  17. 10.1626/jcs.19.209 . The cytological studies on the interspecific hybrid of Panax . 1950 . Kuriyama . H. . Japanese Journal of Crop Science . 19 . 1–2 . 209–213 . free .

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