Oxfendazole Explained

Oxfendazole is a broad spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. Its main use is for protecting livestock against roundworm, strongyles and pinworms.[1] [2] Oxfendazole is the sulfoxide metabolite of fenbendazole.

Oxfendazole is an anthelmintic (wormer) compound used in veterinary practice. It comes under the chemical class of the benzimidazoles. This drug is barely used in horses,[3] goats, sheep, and cattle. It is very scarcely applied on dogs and cats. The drug for livestock is majorly available in the form of pills, tablets, drenches, bolus, etc. They are meant for oral consumption. Several drenches are allowed for intraruminal injection in some of the countries. Few countries also prefer injectables and pour-ons. For pet dogs, the drug is available in the form of drenches.

Efficacy

Both oxfendazole and fenbendazole are efficacious against gastrointestinal lungworms and roundworms of livestock, adults, and L4-larvae of the significant species for example, of the genera Bunostomum, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus, Teladorsagia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Dictyocaulus, Trichuris, etc., including against arrested larvae of some of the species.[4] [5] [6] They are even highly efficient against majority of the tapeworms commonly found in livestock.[7] [8] [9] This drug works effectively against the main parasitic roundworms and tapeworms of dogs and cats.[10] [11]

The drug offers a small residual effect in ruminants unless and otherwise it is delivered by using a slow-release device. This essentially means that on a single administration it will help in killing the parasites which are present in the host during the time of treatment and also prevent against re-infestations for some more days but not weeks or months. The residual effect is comparatively shorter in non-ruminants. The drug is non-effective against flukes and external parasites at therapeutic dose.

Adverse Effects

Since the toxicity of oxfendazole is quite low, it is generally well tolerated by most species. However, high oral doses can causes intoxication resulting in loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, vomit and convulsions, hepatic and epicardial hemorrhage, allergic reactions etc. Due to lack of research, it is not suggested to use oxfendazole in pregnant mares and bitches. It is also not recommended to use oxfendazole tablets to treat dogs or cats.[12] A registered veterinarian must authorize the use of oxfendazole.in any species.

Society and culture

Brand names

Oxfendazole is sold under brand names of Synanthic (Suspension),[13] Benzelmin (Paste),[14] Anthelcide EQ(Paste).

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Oxfendazole.
  2. Gonzalez AE, Codd EE, Horton J, Garcia HH, Gilman RH . Oxfendazole: a promising agent for the treatment and control of helminth infections in humans . Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy . 17 . 1 . 51–56 . January 2019 . 30501436 . 6376865 . 10.1080/14787210.2018.1555241 .
  3. Duncan JL, Reid JF . An evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against the common nematode parasites of the horse . The Veterinary Record . 103 . 15 . 332–334 . October 1978 . 364817 . 10.1136/vr.103.15.332 .
  4. Jabbar A, Iqbal MZ, Ashraf M, Durrani AZ, Sajjad H, Wana MN, Ullah A, Imran M, Ghauri MS, Ahmad HI . Effects of Ferula asafetida, closantel, albendazole, oxfendazole, and ivermectin against Haemonchus contortus in goats and sheep . Tropical Animal Health and Production . 54 . 2 . 107 . February 2022 . 35187616 . 10.1007/s11250-022-03111-z .
  5. Williams JC, DeRosa A, Nakamura Y, Loyacano AF . Comparative efficacy of ivermectin pour-on, albendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole against Ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae, other gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm of cattle . Veterinary Parasitology . 73 . 1-2 . 73–82 . December 1997 . 9477494 . 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00066-6 .
  6. Downey NE . Evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastro-intestinal nematodes and lung-worms in calves . The Veterinary Record . 99 . 14 . 267–270 . October 1976 . 136085 . 10.1136/vr.99.14.267 . 29572443 .
  7. Kipp K, Cummings DB, Goehl D, Wade HH, Davidson JM, Renter D, Verocai GG, Rash L . Evaluation of a refugia-based strategy for gastrointestinal nematodes on weight gain and fecal egg counts in naturally infected stocker calves administered combination anthelmintics . Veterinary Parasitology . 319 . 109955 . July 2023 . 37201354 . 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109955 . free .
  8. Nielsen MK, Gee EK, Hansen A, Waghorn T, Bell J, Leathwick DM . Monitoring equine ascarid and cyathostomin parasites: Evaluating health parameters under different treatment regimens . Equine Veterinary Journal . 53 . 5 . 902–910 . September 2021 . 33119179 . 10.1111/evj.13374 . 226045264 .
  9. Kabululu ML, Ngowi HA, Mlangwa JE, Mkupasi EM, Braae UC, Colston A, Cordel C, Poole EJ, Stuke K, Johansen MV . TSOL18 vaccine and oxfendazole for control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs: A field trial in endemic areas of Tanzania . PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases . 14 . 10 . e0008785 . October 2020 . 33052939 . 7588121 . 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008785 . free .
  10. Gemmell MA, Johnstone PD, Oudemans G . The effect of oxfendazole on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs . Research in Veterinary Science . 26 . 3 . 389–390 . May 1979 . 515529 . 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)32902-3 .
  11. Stoye M . [Biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of Ancylostoma caninum] ]. DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift . 99 . 8 . 315–321 . August 1992 . 1425324 .
  12. Web site: OXFENDAZOLE TOXICITY, POISONING, INTOXICATION, OVERDOSE, ANTIDOTE: SAFETY SUMMARY for VETERINARY use on DOGS, CATS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, SWINE, HORSES and POULTRY . 2024-02-21 . parasitipedia.net.
  13. Web site: Synanthic® (oxfendazole oral suspension) Bovine Dewormer Suspension, 22.5% . 2024-02-21 . dailymed.nlm.nih.gov.
  14. Web site: BENZELMIN WORMER Paste for HORSES - JUROX - oxfendazole, benzimidazole . 2024-02-21 . parasitipedia.net.

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