Order-4 square tiling honeycomb explained

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Order-4 square tiling honeycomb
bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2
TypeHyperbolic regular honeycomb
Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols
h ↔
Coxeter diagrams
↔ ↔
↔ ↔




Cells
Faces
Edge figure
Vertex figuresquare tiling,
DualSelf-dual
Coxeter groups

\overline{N}3

, [4,4,4]

\overline{M}3

, [4<sup>1,1,1</sup>]

\widehat{RR}3

, [4<sup>[4]]
PropertiesRegular, quasiregular
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4 square tiling honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular honeycombs. It is paracompact because it has infinite cells and vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol, it has four square tilings around each edge, and infinite square tilings around each vertex in a square tiling vertex figure.[1]

Symmetry

The order-4 square tiling honeycomb has many reflective symmetry constructions: as a regular honeycomb, ↔ with alternating types (colors) of square tilings, and with 3 types (colors) of square tilings in a ratio of 2:1:1.

Two more half symmetry constructions with pyramidal domains have [4,4,1<sup>+</sup>,4] symmetry: ↔, and ↔ .

There are two high-index subgroups, both index 8: [4,4,4<sup>*</sup>] ↔ [(4,4,4,4,1<sup>+</sup>)], with a pyramidal fundamental domain: [((4,∞,4)),((4,∞,4))] or ; and [4,4<sup>*</sup>,4], with 4 orthogonal sets of ultra-parallel mirrors in an octahedral fundamental domain: .

Images

The order-4 square tiling honeycomb is analogous to the 2D hyperbolic infinite-order apeirogonal tiling,, with infinite apeirogonal faces, and with all vertices on the ideal surface.

It contains and that tile 2-hypercycle surfaces, which are similar to these paracompact order-4 apeirogonal tilings :

Related polytopes and honeycombs

The order-4 square tiling honeycomb is a regular hyperbolic honeycomb in 3-space. It is one of eleven regular paracompact honeycombs.

There are nine uniform honeycombs in the [4,4,4] Coxeter group family, including this regular form.

It is part of a sequence of honeycombs with a square tiling vertex figure:

It is part of a sequence of honeycombs with square tiling cells:

It is part of a sequence of quasiregular polychora and honeycombs:

Rectified order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Rectified order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolsr or t1
Coxeter diagrams
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
cube
Coxeter groups

\overline{N}3

, [4,4,4]

\overline{M}3

, [4<sup>1,1,1</sup>]
PropertiesQuasiregular or regular, depending on symmetry
The rectified order-4 hexagonal tiling honeycomb, t1, has square tiling facets, with a cubic vertex figure. It is the same as the regular square tiling honeycomb,, .

Truncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Truncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolst or t0,1
Coxeter diagrams


Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
square pyramid
Coxeter groups

\overline{N}3

, [4,4,4]

\overline{M}3

, [4<sup>1,1,1</sup>]
PropertiesVertex-transitive
The truncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, t0,1, has square tiling and truncated square tiling facets, with a square pyramid vertex figure.

Bitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Bitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols2t or t1,2
Coxeter diagrams

↔ ↔
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
tetragonal disphenoid
Coxeter groups

2 x \overline{N}3

, [[4,4,4]]

\overline{M}3

, [4<sup>1,1,1</sup>]

\widehat{RR}3

, [4<sup>[4]]
PropertiesVertex-transitive, edge-transitive, cell-transitive
The bitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, t1,2, has truncated square tiling facets, with a tetragonal disphenoid vertex figure.

Cantellated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Cantellated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolsrr or t0,2
Coxeter diagrams
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
triangular prism
Coxeter groups

\overline{N}3

, [4,4,4]

\overline{R}3

, [3,4,4]
PropertiesVertex-transitive, edge-transitive
The cantellated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, is the same thing as the rectified square tiling honeycomb, . It has cube and square tiling facets, with a triangular prism vertex figure.

Cantitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Cantitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolstr or t0,1,2
Coxeter diagrams

Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
mirrored sphenoid
Coxeter groups

\overline{N}3

, [4,4,4]

\overline{R}3

, [3,4,4]

\overline{M}3

, [4<sup>1,1,1</sup>]
PropertiesVertex-transitive
The cantitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, is the same as the truncated square tiling honeycomb, . It contains cube and truncated square tiling facets, with a mirrored sphenoid vertex figure.

It is the same as the truncated square tiling honeycomb, .

Runcinated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Runcinated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolst0,3
Coxeter diagrams

Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
square antiprism
Coxeter groups

2 x \overline{N}3

, [[4,4,4]]
PropertiesVertex-transitive, edge-transitive
The runcinated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, t0,3, has square tiling and cube facets, with a square antiprism vertex figure.

Runcitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Runcitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolst0,1,3
Coxeter diagrams
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
square pyramid
Coxeter groups

\overline{N}3

, [4,4,4]
PropertiesVertex-transitive
The runcitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, t0,1,3, has square tiling, truncated square tiling, cube, and octagonal prism facets, with a square pyramid vertex figure.

The runcicantellated order-4 square tiling honeycomb is equivalent to the runcitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb.

Omnitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Omnitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolst0,1,2,3
Coxeter diagrams
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
digonal disphenoid
Coxeter groups

2 x \overline{N}3

, [[4,4,4]]
PropertiesVertex-transitive
The omnitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, t0,1,2,3, has truncated square tiling and octagonal prism facets, with a digonal disphenoid vertex figure.

Alternated order-4 square tiling honeycomb

The alternated order-4 square tiling honeycomb is a lower-symmetry construction of the order-4 square tiling honeycomb itself.

Cantic order-4 square tiling honeycomb

The cantic order-4 square tiling honeycomb is a lower-symmetry construction of the truncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb.

Runcic order-4 square tiling honeycomb

The runcic order-4 square tiling honeycomb is a lower-symmetry construction of the order-3 square tiling honeycomb.

Runcicantic order-4 square tiling honeycomb

The runcicantic order-4 square tiling honeycomb is a lower-symmetry construction of the bitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb.

Quarter order-4 square tiling honeycomb

bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2Quarter order-4 square tiling honeycomb
TypeParacompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbolsq
Coxeter diagrams
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
square antiprism
Coxeter groups

\widehat{RR}3

, [4<sup>[4]]
PropertiesVertex-transitive, edge-transitive
The quarter order-4 square tiling honeycomb, q,, or, has truncated square tiling and square tiling facets, with a square antiprism vertex figure.

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Coxeter The Beauty of Geometry, 1999, Chapter 10, Table III