Open-pit coal mining in the United Kingdom explained

Open-pit coal mining in the United Kingdom is in decline, and is planned to end in November 2023.[1] Output has fallen every year since 2010. In 2010, the United Kingdom was forecast to produce about 10000000t of coal a year[2] from open-pit mines. Most came from Scotland,[3] with the largest operator there being the Scottish Coal subsidiary of Scottish Resources Group.[4] Actual production in 2010 was over 13 million tonnes but this has declined to less than 8 million tonnes in 2014.

Until 2014, statistics on open-pit coal mining were compiled by the British Geological Survey from information provided by local planning authorities.[5] Open-pit coal mines usually last four or five years at extraction rates of up to a quarter-million tons a year.

Sites active after 2016

In September 2017, there were 9 sites operating in the UK with a total manpower of 590.[6] Production has declined to around 3 million tonnes in 2017.

The Ffos-y-fran Land Reclamation Scheme was (as of October, 2021) the only major open pit operating in the UK with a few small to very small other sites (employee count much less than 50 per mine for all sites other Ffos-y-fran) still in operation. Also, no major applications were pending to open new mines as of October, 2021.

The opencast at Ffos-y-fran is planning to cease operation in November 2023, which would also end opencast coal-mining in the UK.[7]

Wales

Miller Argent run the Ffos-y-fran Land Reclamation Scheme in eastern Merthyr Tydfil, which involves mining the coal from under 367 hectares of land made derelict by earlier coal-mining operations; the coal will be provided to the Aberthaw Power Station on the Glamorgan coast. The project started in 2007 and is expected to last 17.5 years.[8] Aberpergwm was also reopened in 2018.[9] Note, that according to this source, this mine is an underground drift mine, and not an open-pit mine.

Celtic Energy only operated the expanded East Pit,[10] until Nant Helen was reopened in 2019 to replace the soon to be closed East Pit.[11] The site's licence was revoked in June 2020; thus mining is to stop.[12]

Scotland

Hargreaves plc operated one site in Scotland, House of Water in Ayrshire;[13] the site stopped operating in 2020.[14]

England

Banks Mining started working on its Bradley site in May 2018 amid protesters camping on the site.[15] [16] Banks had three additional operation sites in Shotton, and Brenkley Lane both in Northumberland, and Rusha in Scotland.[17] All of these sites are closed (or under restoration) as of August, 2020 but Banks were awaiting decisions on two proposed sites to open (Druridge Bay and Newcastle).[18] The application for Druridge Bay was rejected on 8 September 2020 for a second time, and Banks company decided not to appeal this time, making the decision final.[19] The application for opening a mine in Newcastle (Dewley Hill) was rejected on 18 December 2020.[20]

A mine in Hartington, Derbyshire was still operating in August, 2020 but was planning on closing by the end of 2020.[21] It closed in September, 2020.[22]

Recent history

The following information relates to 2016 and earlier.

Production

In November 2015, the UK Government announced that all the remaining coal-fired power stations would be closed by 2025.[23] In February 2020 the UK government said that it would consult on bringing the closure date forward to 2024.[24] [25]

Production figures in tonnes, 2010 to 2014.
Source http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/mines/coal/occ/home.html
YearEnglandWalesScotlandGB total
20142,884,9352,488,3212,497,0147,870,270
20133,411,9552,342,8122,829,1558,583,922
20122,956,3312,408,3134,823,35710,188,001
20112,948,9972,102,9955,527,76510,579,757
20102,599,9414,423,2956,038,47913,061,715

Scotland

Hargreaves plc announced in 2016 the closure of the following operations:[13] [26]

Wales

Tower Colliery site in HirwaunThe deep mine at Tower Colliery closed in 2008, but there is a plan to build an 80-hectare 165-metre open-pit mine to extract a remaining 6Mton reserve of anthracite, for which a planning application was registered in July 2010.[27] The opencast operation stopped production in March 2017 after it was unable to sell the coal to Aberthaw Power Station due to stricter environmental controls.[28]
Nant-y-MynyddEnergybuild Ltd operated an opencast site here;[29] it was estimated to have 450 kton of recoverable coal in 2006, which has mostly been excavated between 2006 and 2009. The overburden was sold as road stone.
SelarThe site was approved in 1995 but operation was delayed until 1997. Celtic Energy operated a mine at Selar in the Neath Valley.[30] Planning permission was granted to extend the extraction by 800,000 tonnes in 2013 which will keep the mine operational until 2020.[31] The site was mothballed in 2015 due to low coal prices.[10] Celtic Energy now only operates only the expanded East Pit.
Nant LlesgMiller Argent planned to extract 6m tonnes of coal at Nant Llesg, near Rhymney. Their application was rejected by Caerphilly county borough council on 7 August 2015.[32] The company is considering an appeal.[33]

England

Banks Mining applied in October 2015 for planning permission to extract about three million tonnes of coal and other minerals from the Highthorn site in Northumberland. The application was rejected in March 2018.[34]

UK Coal (company, England and Scotland)

See also: UK Coal.

Active sites in 2010
UK Coal prospective sites in 2010In 2010, UK Coal had the following prospective sites in England and Scotland.[38]
Notes
  1. These three sites are now owned by UKCSMR Limited.[42]
  2. Coal extraction at Huntington Lane ended in 2013 but, in May 2015, it was claimed that the site had been "left as an eyesore".[43]

Site restoration

The Sunday Herald reported on 13 July 2014 that "Mines in Ayrshire, Lanarkshire and Fife, abandoned by Scottish Coal when it went bust in April 2013, are threatened by rising water levels, contaminated lagoons and erosion".[44]

On 9 July 2015 an Opencast Coal Summit was held to "explore what the planning system can do to ensure all opencast coal sites are fully and sustainably restored for the benefit of communities and the environment". After the summit a report was published by Carl Sargeant AM, the Welsh Minister for Natural Resources.[45]

Opposition

Open-pit coal mining is opposed by the Loose Anti-Opencast Network (LAON)[46] and by Greenpeace[47] and Friends of the Earth.[48]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Wales' last opencast coal mine proposal rejected in historic decision. 14 September 2023.
  2. News: More opencast mine bids 'likely on greenfield sites' . BBC News . 15 August 2010.
  3. News: Opencast coalmine surge 'weakens UK's authority at climate change talks' . London . The Guardian . Severin . Carrell . 2009-08-14.
  4. Web site: Scottish Coal.
  5. Web site: Opencast coal statistics.
  6. Web site: Coal Mining Jobs in the UK Continue to Fall, Stats Show. 27 October 2017.
  7. Web site: Wales' last opencast coal mine proposal rejected in historic decision. 14 September 2023.
  8. http://www.millerargent.co.uk/
  9. News: Neath Port Talbot: Coal mine to create 200 jobs. BBC News. 21 March 2018.
  10. News: Nant Helen mine to be mothballed with the loss of 75 jobs. BBC News. 18 August 2016.
  11. Web site: Council approves restart of operations at Nant Helen coal mine. 25 March 2019.
  12. News: Nant Helen opencast mine to close after licence rejected over climate. BBC News. 11 June 2020.
  13. News: Hargreaves }} accelerate opencast site closures]. BBC News. 27 April 2016.
  14. Web site: UK coalmines operator Hargreaves Services to end mining next month. TheGuardian.com. 2 June 2020.
  15. Web site: Banks Mining starts work at Bradley surface mine. 21 May 2018.
  16. Web site: Firm creates new entrance to get past protestors' blockade. June 2018 .
  17. Web site: Projects.
  18. News: Bradley mine: Coal extracted for final time at County Durham site. BBC News. 17 August 2020.
  19. Web site: Britain's Banks Mining will not challenge coal mine rejection .
  20. Web site: Council says 'NO' to 'unwanted' coal mine planned for green belt land on outskirts of Newcastle. 18 December 2020 .
  21. Web site: Journey's end: Last of England's open-cast mines begins final push. TheGuardian.com. 22 August 2020.
  22. News: The deadliest disasters in Derbyshire's mining history. Derbyshirelive. 9 January 2021.
  23. News: UK coal plants must close by 2025, Amber Rudd announces. 18 November 2015. The Independent. 7 March 2016. London. Emily. Gosden.
  24. News: End of coal power to be brought forward in drive towards net zero. 4 February 2020. Gov UK. 11 March 2020.
  25. Web site: Plans to bring coal phase-out date forward to 2024 unveiled. 5 February 2020.
  26. Web site: Hargreaves commits to 'break-even' open-cast coal mining in Scotland until 2016 | Scottish Energy News.
  27. News: Opencast mining starts at Tower Colliery site in Hirwaun. BBC News. 22 May 2012.
  28. Web site: Tower Colliery site could have new future 10 years after closure. 20 January 2018.
  29. http://www.walterenergy.com/operationscenter/westerncoal/pdfs/wales_ni_43-101.pdf
  30. Web site: Selar Central consultation . UK Coal . 20 December 2015 . 22 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114710/http://www.coal.com/community-consultation/selar-central/ . dead .
  31. News: Jobs safeguarded at Neath Valley Mine . 3 December 2013 . South Wales Evening Post . 20 December 2015.
  32. http://publicaccess.caerphilly.gov.uk/PublicAccess/files/AAB89B3D7A11DD99BAAADA2A987502C3/pdf/13_0732_MIN-DECISION-4631250.pdf
  33. Web site: Welsh council rejects plans for new opencast coal mine. TheGuardian.com. 6 August 2015.
  34. News: Rejection of opencast mine deals blow to UK coal industry. Financial Times. 23 March 2018. Tighe. Chris.
  35. Web site: Cutacre, Bolton, Greater Manchester. 13 March 2010. 25 February 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100225020436/http://www.ukcoal.com/ds-cutacre. dead.
  36. Web site: Stobswood . UK Coal . 28 June 2011 . 11 June 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110611042111/http://www.ukcoal.com/sm-stobswood . dead .
  37. Web site: Map . Geograph . 20 December 2015.
  38. Web site: Future Developments . 15 August 2010 . 29 April 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100429173112/http://www.ukcoal.com/future-developments . dead .
  39. Web site: New Mine Proposal Could Create 80 Jobs. 28 November 2010 .
  40. News: UK Coal opencast mine plan for County Durham rejected . BBC News . 16 February 2011.
  41. Web site: UK Coal Interim Report . UK Coal . Harworth Group . 23 August 2011 . 20 December 2015 . 5 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120205011513/http://www.ukcoal.com/pdf/Interim_report23_08_11FINAL.pdf . dead .
  42. Web site: Pre-pack saves nearly 300 jobs at UK Coal Surface Mines Ltd - the Journal . 1 January 2016 . 2 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141202041621/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/business/business-news/pre-pack-saves-nearly-300-jobs-8141306 . dead .
  43. Web site: Telford coal mine site left as an eyesore. 4 May 2015 .
  44. Web site: Revealed: 'national crisis' opencast mine warning. 13 July 2014 .
  45. Web site: Announcements. 6 July 2023 .
  46. http://noopencastnetwork.org.uk/
  47. Web site: Does the UK coal phaseout spell the end of opencast mining?. 26 November 2015.
  48. Web site: Fossil fuel UK map Friends of the Earth . www.foe.co.uk . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151030022423/http://www.foe.co.uk/page/fossil-fuel-uk-map . 2015-10-30.

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