One-party state explained

One-party state should not be confused with Dominant-party system.

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.^[1] All other parties are either outlawed or only enjoy limited and controlled participation in elections. Sometimes the term "de facto one-party state" is used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike the one-party state, allows (at least nominally) democratic multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.^[2]

Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population.^[3] With such a small winning coalition, leaders in one-party states usually lack the incentive to care about the well-being of citizens. Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensure continued support. One-party, compared to dominant-party dictatorships, structure themselves unlike democracies. They also turn into democracies at a lower rate than dominant-party dictatorships.^[4] While one-party states prohibit opposition parties, some allow for elections at the smallest local level. One-party states lack any legitimate competition. Therefore, they place elites and sympathetic candidates in key administrative races.^[5]  For example, the Chinese Communist Party exercises political control by infiltrating village administrations.^[6]  They view these positions as crucial for gathering information on the population and maintaining a presence in the far reaches of their borders.^[7]

One-party states recognize the trade-off between election victory and gathering valuable data.^[8]  To account for this, the regimes have been observed placing local nobility in easy-to-win races.^[9]  One-party states have also been observed using elections to ensure that only the most popular elites get chosen to office.^[10]  They also gather data from elections to indicate if a local official is performing poorly in the eyes of the residents. This gives locals the opportunity to monitor local officials and communicate satisfaction with the local government. Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions. In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites. Data on one-party regimes can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency.

Current one-party states

As of, the following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:

Country	Head of party	Leader title	Party	Ideology	Date of establishment	Duration	Notes
People's Republic of China	Xi Jinping	General Secretary		Socialism with Chinese characteristics	1 October 1949
Cuba^[11]	Miguel Díaz-Canel	First Secretary	Communist Party of Cuba	Marxism–Leninism, Castroism, Guevarism, Left-wing nationalism	16 April 1961
Eritrea^[12]	Isaias Afwerki	Chairperson	People's Front for Democracy and Justice	Eritrean nationalism, Statism	24 May 1993
Laos^[13]	Thongloun Sisoulith	General Secretary	Lao People's Revolutionary Party	Kaysone Phomvihane Thought	2 December 1975
North Korea^[14]	Kim Jong-un	General Secretary	Workers' Party of Korea	Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism	9 September 1948
Vietnam^[15]	Tô Lâm	General Secretary	Communist Party of Vietnam	Ho Chi Minh Thought	30 April 1975

De facto one-party states

A de facto one-party system is one that, while not officially linking a single political party to governmental power, utilizes some means of political manipulation to ensure only one party stays in power.^[16] Many different countries have been claimed to be de facto one-party states, with differing levels of agreement between scholars, although most agree that the African continent is marked by this political system.^{[17] [18]} Below are just a few examples of governments that have been claimed to have single party rule due to political manipulation.

!Country!Party!Date ofestablishment!Information

	Rwandan Patriotic Front	1994	Although Rwanda is nominally democratic, elections are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and electoral fraud.^[19] ^[20]
^[21]	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party	2012	While the 2012 constitution introduced by Bashar al-Assad theoretically enabled the establishment of political parties, Ba'athist Syria remains a de-facto one-party state with an extensive secret police apparatus that curtails independent political activities.^[22]
^[23]	United Socialist Party of Venezuela	2017/2024	Since 2014, the country has been going through a period of crisis of legitimacy and exceptionality due to the order to close the National Assembly and the convocation of a Constituent Assembly by Nicolás Maduro on May 1, 2017, composed mostly of PSUV politicians. Since then, different laws have been approved to restrict political participation, including informal persecution and the disqualification of certain politicians (including complaints of electoral fraud), concluding in the year 2024 where, thanks to the new laws approved, the majority of opposition politicians have been disqualified and their organizations were banned, leaving only a controlled "opposition."^[24] ^[25]

Former one-party states

Country	Party	Ideology	Date of establishment	Date of dissolution	Duration	Continent
data-sort-value="Afghanistan 1977"	Republic of Afghanistan	National Revolutionary Party	Pashtun nationalism, Pashtunization, Republicanism, Secularism	^[26] ^[27]			Asia
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan	People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Khalq	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism, Pashtun nationalism, Anti-imperialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Afghanistan 1980"	Democratic Republic of Afghanistan/Republic of Afghanistan	People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Parcham (National Fatherland Front)	Communism (until 1990), Marxism–Leninism (until 1990), Afghan nationalism, Anti-imperialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Albania 1939"	Albanian Kingdom	Albanian Fascist Party	Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Fascism, Italophilia, Serbophobia, Hellenophobia				Europe
data-sort-value="Albania 1943"	Albanian Kingdom	Guard of Greater Albania	Albanian nationalism, Fascism				Europe
data-sort-value="Albania 1943"	Albanian Kingdom	National Front	Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Anti-communism, Republicanism, Big tent, Agrarian socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Albania1 1944"	Democratic Government of Albania	Party of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Hoxhaism, Anti-revisionism				Europe
data-sort-value="Albania2 1945"	Democratic Government of Albania	Party of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front)					Europe
data-sort-value="Albania3 1946"	Albania						Europe
data-sort-value="Algeria 1962"	Algeria	National Liberation Front	Arab socialism, Algerian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Anti-imperialism				Africa
data-sort-value="Angola 1975"	People's Republic of Angola	People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola	Communism, Left-wing nationalism, Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Armenia 1920"	Armenia	Communist Party of Armenia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Armenia 1922"	Transcaucasia	Communist Party of Armenia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Austria 1934"	Federal State of Austria	Fatherland Front	Clerical fascism				Europe
data-sort-value="Azerbaijan 1920"	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan Communist Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Azerbaijan 1922"	Transcaucasia	Azerbaijan Communist Party					Asia
data-sort-value="Bangladesh 1975"	Bangladesh	Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League	Mujibism, Bengali nationalism, Socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Bangladesh 1988"	Bangladesh	Jatiya Party	Bangladeshi nationalism, Conservatism, Authoritarianism, Militarism				Asia
data-sort-value="Benin 1963"	Dahomey	Dahomeyan Democratic Party	African nationalism				Africa
data-sort-value="Benin 1975"	Benin	People's Revolutionary Party of Benin	Communism, Marxism–Leninism (nominally)				Africa
data-sort-value="Bohmen und Mahren 1939"	Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia	National Partnership	Collaborationism, Nazism				Europe
data-sort-value="Bulgaria 1946"	Bulgaria	Bulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="State of Burma1 1943"	State of Burma	Dobama Sinyetha Asi Ayon^[28]					Asia
data-sort-value="State of Burma2 1944"	State of Burma	Maha Bama Asi Ayon^[29]					Asia
data-sort-value="Burma 1962"	Burma	Burma Socialist Programme Party	Burmese Way to Socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Burundi 1974"	Republic of Burundi	Union for National Progress	Burundian nationalism, Tutsi interests				Africa
data-sort-value="Byelorussia 1920"	Byelorussia	Communist Party of Byelorussia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Cambodia 1955"	Cambodia (Sangkum era)	Sangkum	Khmer nationalism, National conservatism, Royalism, Statism, Buddhist socialism, Economic nationalism				Asia
data-sort-value="Cambodia 1979"	Kampuchea	Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party	Communism, Socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Revisionism, Left-wing nationalism				Asia
data-sort-value="Cameroon 1966"	Republic of Cameroon	Cameroonian National Union	Big tent	^[30]			Africa
data-sort-value="Cameroon 1975"	Cameroon	Cameroon People's Democratic Movement	Big tent, Nationalism, Francophilia	1975	1990		Africa
data-sort-value="Cape Verde 1975"	Cape Verde	African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Cape Verde 1980"	Cape Verde	African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Carpatho-Ukraine 1939"	Carpatho-Ukraine	^[31]	Nationalism^[32]	^[33]			Europe
data-sort-value="Central African Republic 1962"	Central African Republic	Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa	African nationalism, Anti-colonialism, Progressivism, Anti-imperialism	1962	1980		Africa
data-sort-value="Central African Republic 1980"	Central African Republic	Central African Democratic Union	African nationalism, Republicanism				Africa
data-sort-value="Central African Republic 1987"	Central African Republic	Central African Democratic Rally	African nationalism, Democratic socialism, Social democracy, Republicanism		^[34]		Africa
data-sort-value="Chad 1962"	Chad	Chadian Progressive Party	African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism				Africa
data-sort-value="Chad 1973"	Chad	National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution	African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism				Africa
data-sort-value="Chad 1984"	Chad	National Union for Independence and Revolution	Nationalism				Africa
data-sort-value="China 1927"	Guangzhou	Chinese Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism	1927	1927		Asia
data-sort-value="China 1927"	Hunan	Chinese Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism	1927	1927		Asia
data-sort-value="China 1927"	Jinggang	Chinese Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism	1927	1928		Asia
data-sort-value="China 1930"	Southwest Jiangxi	Chinese Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism	1930	1931		Asia
data-sort-value="China 1930"	Chinese Soviet Republic	Chinese Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism				Asia
data-sort-value="China 1935"	Xinjiang	People's Anti-Imperialist Association	Six Great Policies				Asia
data-sort-value="China 1935"	/Taiwan	Kuomintang	Tridemism				Asia
data-sort-value="China 1937"	Yan'an	Chinese Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism	1937	1949		Asia
data-sort-value="Comoros 1982"	Comoros	Comorian Union for Progress	Nationalism	1982	1990		Africa
data-sort-value="Congo 1969"	People's Republic of the Congo	Congolese Party of Labour	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Costa Rica 1917"	Tinoquista Costa Rica	Peliquista Party	Nationalism, Personalism, Authoritarianism				North America
data-sort-value="Czechoslovakia 1948"	Czechoslovakia	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front)	Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Husakism				Europe
data-sort-value="Dahomey 1961"	Dahomey	Dahomeyan Unity Party	African nationalism, Republicanism				Africa
data-sort-value="Danzig 1937"	Danzig	Nazi Party	Nazism	^[35] ^[36]			Europe
data-sort-value="Djibouti 1977"	Djibouti	People's Rally for Progress	Issa interests				Africa
data-sort-value="Dominican Republic 1931"	Dominican Republic	Dominican Party	Trujillism, National conservatism, Right-wing populism, Antihaitianismo				North America
data-sort-value="East Germany 1949"	East Germany	Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Democratic Bloc)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="East Germany 1950"	East Germany	Socialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front of the German Democratic Republic)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Egypt 1956"	Egypt	Liberation Rally	Egyptian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Socialism		1957		Africa
data-sort-value="Egypt 1961"	Egypt	National Union	Nasserism, Pan-Arabism, Socialism	1957	1962		Africa
data-sort-value="Egypt 1962"	Egypt	Arab Socialist Union	Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism	1961	1976		Africa
Egypt	National Democratic Party	Egyptian nationalism, Big-Tent, Neo-liberalism	1976	2011		Africa
data-sort-value="El Salvador 1931"	El Salvador	National Pro Patria Party	Fascism, Anti-communism, Conservatism, Agrarian oligarchy	1933	1944		Central America
data-sort-value="Equatorial Guinea 1970"	Equatorial Guinea	United National Workers' Party	African nationalism, Personalism, Anti-imperialism, Anti-colonialism, Anti-racism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-intellectualism, Totalitarianism				Africa
data-sort-value="Equatorial Guinea 1987"	Equatorial Guinea	Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea	African nationalism, Militarism				Africa
data-sort-value="Eritrea 1991"	Eritrea	Eritrean People's Liberation Front	Left-wing nationalism	1991 (Provisional government)1993 (Recognized state)			Africa
data-sort-value="Estonia 1935"	Estonia	Patriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution)	Estonian nationalism, Personalism				Europe
data-sort-value="Estonia 1940"	Estonia	Communist Party of Estonia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Ethiopia 1984"	Ethiopia	Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Ethiopia 1987"	Ethiopia	Workers' Party of Ethiopia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Gabon 1968"	Gabon	Gabonese Democratic Party	Conservatism				Africa
data-sort-value="Georgia 1921"	Georgia	Communist Party of Georgia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Georgia 1922"	Transcaucasia	Communist Party of Georgia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="German Reich 1933"	Nazi Germany	National Socialist German Workers' Party	Nazism				Europe
data-sort-value="German Reich 1941"	Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories	National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands	Collaborationism, Dutch irredentism, Dutch nationalism and Nazism				Europe
data-sort-value="Ghana 1964"	Ghana	Convention People's Party	Nkrumaism, African socialism, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism				Africa
data-sort-value="Grenada 1979"	Grenada	New Jewel Movement	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				North America
data-sort-value="Guatemala 1931"	Guatemala	Progressive Liberal Party	Ubicoism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Anti-communism	1931	1944		Central America
data-sort-value="Guinea 1958"	Guinea	Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally	African nationalism, African socialism, Pan-Africanism	1960	1984		Africa
data-sort-value="Guinea-Bissau 1974"	Guinea-Bissau	African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde	Communism, Marxism–Leninism	1974	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="Haiti 1957"	Haiti	National Unity Party	Black nationalism, Haitian nationalism, Right-wing populism, Anti-communism, Anti-Americanism				North America
data-sort-value="Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi 1894"	Hawaii	Reform Party	Americanisation, Annexationism				North America
data-sort-value="Hungary 1944"	Government of National Unity	Arrow Cross Party	Hungarism, Fascism, Collaborationism, Agrarianism				Europe
data-sort-value="Hungary 1949"	Hungary	Hungarian Working People's Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism				Europe
data-sort-value="Hungary 1956"	Hungary	Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Kádárism				Europe
data-sort-value="Indonesia 1945"	Indonesia	Indonesian National Party	Nationalism, Marhaenism				Asia
data-sort-value="Iran 1975"	Imperial State of Iran	Rastakhiz Party	Monarchism, Populism, Secularism, Democratic centralism, Third Position				Asia
data-sort-value="Iran 1981"		Islamic Republican Party	Velyât-e Faqih, Anti-imperialism, Iranian nationalism, Shi'ite Islamism, Anti-Monarchism, Anti-Americanism, Anti-communism, Anti-Sovietism, Anti-Zionism, Islamic fundamentalism, Homophobia, Anti-Western sentiment	1981	1987		Asia
data-sort-value="Iraq 1964"	Iraq	Iraqi Arab Socialist Union	Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism	1964	1968		Asia
data-sort-value="Iraq 1968"	Iraq	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front)	Saddamist Ba'athism	1968	2003		Asia
data-sort-value="Italy 1928"	Kingdom of Italy Libya	National Fascist Party Muslim Association of the Lictor	Fascism, Corporatism, Ultranationalism, Totalitarianism	^[37]			Europe Africa
data-sort-value="Italy 1943"	Italian Social Republic	Republican Fascist Party	Fascism, Corporatism, Ultranationalism, Totalitarianism, Antisemitism, Collaborationism				Europe
data-sort-value="Ivory Coast 1960"		Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally	African nationalism, Conservatism, Populism, Houphouëtism, Pan-Africanism	1960	1990		Africa
data-sort-value="Japan 1940"	Empire of Japan	Imperial Rule Assistance Association	Shōwa statism	1940	1945		Asia
data-sort-value="Japan 1942"	Philippine Executive Commission	Association for Service to the New Philippines	Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Japanophilia, collaborationism				Asia
data-sort-value="Kampuchea 1975"	Kampuchea	Communist Party of Kampuchea	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Agrarianism, Autarky, Khmer nationalism, Ultranationalism				Asia
data-sort-value="Kenya 1982"	Kenya	Kenya African National Union	Kenyan nationalism, Conservatism	1969 (de facto) 1982 (de jure)	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Independent State of Croatia 1941"	Independent State of Croatia	Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement	Croatian irredentism, Croatian ultranationalism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Clerical fascism, Fascist corporatism, Political Catholicism, Anti-communism				Europe
data-sort-value="Latvia 1918"	Latvia	Communist Party of Latvia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Latvia 1940"	Latvia	Communist Party of Latvia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Libya 1971"	Libya	Arab Socialist Union	Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism, Nationalism	1971	1977		Africa
data-sort-value="Lithuania 1919"	Lithuania–Byelorussia	Communist Party of Lithuania and Belorussia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Lithuania 1927"	Lithuania	Lithuanian Nationalist Union	Lithuanian nationalism, National conservatism, Social conservatism, Fascist corporatism, Anti-communism	1936^[38]	1940		Europe
data-sort-value="Lithuania 1940"	Lithuania	Communist Party of Lithuania	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Madagascar 1976"	Democratic Republic of Madagascar	National Front for the Defense of the Revolution	Left-wing nationalism, Scientific socialism	1976	1989		Africa
data-sort-value="Malawi 1964"	Malawi	Malawi Congress Party	Ubuntu, Conservatism, African nationalism, Anti-colonialism	1964	1993		Africa
data-sort-value="Mali 1960"	Mali	Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally	African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, African socialism	1960	1968		Africa
data-sort-value="Mali 1976"	Mali	Democratic Union of the Malian People	African socialism, Democratic centralism	1976	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="Manchukuo 1932"	Manchukuo	Concordia Association	Fascism, Monarchism, Manchurian nationalism, Pan-Asianism, Anti-communism, Personalism, collaborationism	^[39]			Asia
data-sort-value="Mauritania 1961"	Mauritania	Mauritanian People's Party	Nationalism, Centralism, Islamic socialism	1961	1978		Africa
		Revolutionary nationalism, Big tent				North America
data-sort-value="Mongolia 1921"	Mongolia	Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism	1921			Asia
data-sort-value="Mozambique 1975"	Mozambique	FRELIMO	Marxism–Leninism				Africa
data-sort-value="Niger 1960"	Niger	Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally	African nationalism, Pan-Africanism	1960	1974		Africa
data-sort-value="Niger 1989"	Niger	National Movement for the Development of Society	Conservatism	1989	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="North Vietnam 1945"	(partially)	Workers' Party of North Vietnam (League for the Independence of Vietnam)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought		1946		Asia
data-sort-value="North Vietnam 1955"		Workers' Party of North Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought	1955			Asia
data-sort-value="North Yemen 1982"		General People's Congress	Yemeni nationalism, Arab nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Big tent	1982	1988		Asia
data-sort-value="Norway 1940"	National Government	National Rally	Fascism, Nazism, Fascist corporatism, Anti-communism, Collaborationism				Europe
data-sort-value="Ottoman Empire 1918"		Union and Progress Party^[40]	İttihadism		1918		Asia/Europe
data-sort-value="Paraguay 1947"	Paraguay	Colorado Party	Conservatism, national conservatism	1947	1962		South America
data-sort-value="Persia 1920"	Persia	Communist Party of Persia	Communism, Marxism–Leninism	1920	1921		Asia
data-sort-value="Philippines 1943"	Republic of the Philippines	Association for Service to the New Philippines	Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Japanophilia, collaborationism				Asia
data-sort-value="Poland 1947"	Poland	Polish United Workers' Party (Front of National Unity)	Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Poland 1982"	Poland	Polish United Workers' Party (Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth)	Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Portugal 1930"	Portugal	National Union	Salazarism, corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano	^[41]			Europe
data-sort-value="Portugal 1948"	Portugal	National Union	Salazarism, corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano	^[42]			Europe
data-sort-value="Portugal 1970"	Portugal	People's National Action (formerly National Union)	Corporatism, Integralismo Lusitano				Europe
data-sort-value="Romania 1938"	Romania	Party of the Nation	Big tent, Romanian nationalism, Monarchism				Europe
data-sort-value="Romania 1940"	National Legionary State	Iron Guard	Legionarism, clerical fascism, Christian nationalism				Europe
data-sort-value="Romania 1948"	Romania	Romanian Communist Party (People's Democratic Front)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism		1968		Europe
data-sort-value="Romania 1968"	Romania	Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, National Communism	1968	1980		Europe
data-sort-value="Romania 1980"	Romania	Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, National Communism	1980			Europe
data-sort-value="Rwanda 1965"	Rwanda	Parmehutu	Hutu Power	1965	1973		Africa
data-sort-value="Rwanda 1978"	Rwanda	National Revolutionary Movement for Development	Hutu Power, Ultranationalism, Social conservatism, Anti-communism	1978	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="San Marino 1926"	San Marino	Sammarinese Fascist Party	Italian fascism, Corporatism	1926	1943		Europe
data-sort-value="San Marino 1943"	San Marino	Republican Fascist Party of San Marino	Italian fascism	1943	1944		Europe
data-sort-value="Senegal 1966"	Senegal	Socialist Party of Senegal	African nationalism, African socialism	1966	1974		Africa
data-sort-value="Seychelles 1977"	Seychelles	Seychelles People's Progressive Front	Communism, Marxism-Leninism	1979	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="Sierra Leone 1978"	Sierra Leone	All People's Congress	African nationalism, Democratic socialism	1978	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="Slovakia 1939"	Slovak Republic	Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity					Europe
data-sort-value="Somalia 1976"	Somalia	Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party	Islamic socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Pan-SomalismScientific socialism, Somali nationalism				Africa
data-sort-value="South Yemen 1967"		National Liberation Front	Arab nationalism, Arab socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="South Yemen 1978"		Yemeni Socialist Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Asia
data-sort-value="South Yemen 1994"	Yemen	Yemeni Socialist Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism				Asia
data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1918"	Estonia	Russian Communist Party (Central Committee of the Estonian Sections)	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1918"	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic	Russian Communist Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe/Asia
data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1918"	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic	Russian Social Democratic Labour Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism		^[43]		Europe/Asia
data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1922"	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	Russian Communist Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe/Asia
data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1925"	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	All-Union Communist Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Stalinism				Europe/Asia
data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1952"	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	Communist Party of the Soviet Union	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism		^[44]		Europe/Asia
data-sort-value="Spain 1924"	Kingdom of Spain	Patriotic Union	Spanish nationalism, Political Catholicism, Monarchism, Conservatism	1924	1930		Europe
data-sort-value="Spain 1939"	Spanish State	FET y de las JONS	Francoism, Falangism, Spanish nationalism, traditionalism, National Catholicism, anti-liberalism, corporatism		^[45]		Europe
data-sort-value="Sudan 1971"	Democratic Republic of the Sudan	Sudanese Socialist Union	Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Anti-communism	1971	1985		Africa
data-sort-value="Sudan 1989"	Sudan	National Congress Party	Islamism, Arab nationalism, Salafism, Social conservatism	1989	2005		Africa
data-sort-value="Syria 1953"	Syrian Republic	Arab Liberation Movement	Pan-Arabism, Modernization, Pro-Western	1953	1954		Asia
data-sort-value="Syria 1963"		Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front)	Neo-Ba'athism	1963	^[46] ^[47]		Asia
data-sort-value="São Tomé and Príncipe 1975"		Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism	1975	1990		Africa
data-sort-value="Tanganyika 1961"		Tanganyika African National Union	African nationalism, African socialism, Ujamaa	1961	1977		Africa
data-sort-value="Tanzania 1977"		Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Ujamaa, African socialism	1977	1992		Africa
data-sort-value="Togo 1962"	Togo	Party of Togolese Unity	African nationalism	1962	1963		Africa
data-sort-value="Togo 1969"	Togo	Rally of the Togolese People	African nationalism, Right-wing populism	1969	1991		Africa
data-sort-value="Tunisia 1963"	Tunisia	Neo Destour	Tunisian nationalism, Bourguibism	1963	1964		Africa
data-sort-value="Tunisia 1964"	Tunisia	Socialist Destourian Party	Tunisian nationalism, Secularism, Bourguibism	1964	1981		Africa
data-sort-value="Turkey 1923"	Turkey (one-party period)		Kemalism	1923	1945		Asia/Europe
data-sort-value="Turkmenistan 1992"	Turkmenistan	Democratic Party of Turkmenistan	Turkmen nationalism, Secularism, Social conservatism, Catch-all party	1992	2008		Asia
data-sort-value="Tuva 1921"	Tuva	Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Asia
data-sort-value="Uganda 1969"	Uganda	Uganda People's Congress	Social democracy, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism	1969	1971		Africa
data-sort-value="Ukraine 1919"	Ukraine	Communist Party of Ukraine	Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism				Europe
data-sort-value="United Arab Republic 1958"		National Union	Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism	1958	1961		Africa
data-sort-value="Upper Volta 1960"	Upper Volta	Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Rally	African nationalism, Pan-Africanism	1960	1966		Africa
data-sort-value="Yugoslavia 1929"	Yugoslavia	Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy		1929	1931		Europe
data-sort-value="Yugoslavia 1945"	Yugoslavia	League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia)	Marxism–Leninism, Titoism, Yugoslavism				Europe
data-sort-value="Zaire 1970"	Zaire	Popular Movement of the Revolution	Mobutism, Zairean nationalism, Authenticité	1970	1990		Africa
data-sort-value="Zambia 1972"	Zambia	United National Independence Party	African socialism, African nationalism	1972	1990		Africa
data-sort-value="Zanzibar 1964"		Afro-Shirazi Party	African nationalism, Marxism–Leninism	1964	1977		Africa

See also

• Ban on factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
• Multi-party system
• Outline of democracy
• Political factionalism
• Political organisation
• Two-party system
• Uniparty
• Landslide victory

Notes and References

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4. Magaloni . Beatriz . Kricheli . Ruth . 2010-05-01 . Political Order and One-Party Rule . Annual Review of Political Science . 13 . 1 . 123–143 . 10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.220529 . 1094-2939. free .
5. Creak . Simon . Barney . Keith . 2018-08-10 . Conceptualising Party-State Governance and Rule in Laos . Journal of Contemporary Asia . 48 . 5 . 693–716 . 10.1080/00472336.2018.1494849 . 158403649 . 0047-2336. free .
6. Hassan . Mai . Mattingly . Daniel . Nugent . Elizabeth R. . 2022-05-12 . Political Control . Annual Review of Political Science . 25 . 1 . 155–174 . 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013321 . 241393914 . 1094-2939. free .
7. MALESKY . EDMUND . SCHULER . PAUL . 2011-10-26 . The Single-Party Dictator's Dilemma: Information in Elections without Opposition . Legislative Studies Quarterly . 36 . 4 . 491–530 . 10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00025.x . 0362-9805.
8. Book: Frantz, Erica . Authoritarianism : what everyone needs to know . 978-0-19-756964-1 . 1202872902.
9. Book: Frantz, Erica . Authoritarianism : what everyone needs to know . 978-0-19-756964-1 . 1202872902.
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