Okolnichy Explained

Okolnichy (Russian: око́льничий, pronounced as /ru/) was an old Russian court official position. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, directives on the position of okolnichy date back to the 14th century. Judging by the Muscovite records from the 16th and 17th centuries, okolnichy were entrusted with the same business in administration as boyars, with the only difference that they were placed second to boyars everywhere. While lower than boyars, it was one of the highest ranks (or positions) close to the tsar[1] in the courts of the Moscow rulers until the government reform undertaken by Peter the Great.

The word is derived from the Russian word meaning 'close, near', in this case 'sitting close to the Tsar'. In the mid-16th century the role became second (subordinate) to boyars.[2]

Description

The duties of the first known okolnichies included arranging the travel and quarters of grand princes and tsars, as well as accommodating foreign ambassadors and presenting them to the court.

Okolnichies had a seat in prikazes, were appointed as namestniks and voivodes, served as diplomatic envoys and members of the tsar's council (duma).

Initially the rank of okolnichy was the second highest after that of boyar, while often they performed similar duties. According to the system of mestnichestvo, a person could not be made a boyar unless someone else in his family had recently held the boyar/okolnichy rank. Consequently, a position of okolnichy was a step towards granting the boyar rank to a non-noble. Even Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, though a Rurikid knyaz by birth and the "Saviour of the Motherland" by royal mercy, could not secure a position higher than okolnichy, because neither his parents nor uncles had ever held a rank higher than stolnik.

Under the Romanovs, the 18 noblest families of Muscovy were given the privilege of starting their official career from the rank of okolnichy, skipping all the lower ranks, such as stolnik. At the same period, the positions of okolnichy were differentiated and some of them (quarters okolnichy or close okolnichy) were of higher rank than that of non-close boyars. The terms derive from a semi-formal ranking based on the proximity to the tsar at the tsar's table.

List of okolnichies

Ivan III of Russia

!Year!Name!Notes
1462Ivan Glebov-Oschera
1476-1522Ivan Vorontsov-Veliaminov Schedra[3]
1476Andrei Plescheyev
1485Jurlo Plescheyev
1487-1503Nikifor Basenkov
1489Yuriy Kutuzov-Shestak
1489-1501Boris Kutuzov
1495-1505Petr Zabolotskiy
1495-1504Prince Ivan Zvenigorodskiy-Zvenets
1495Petr Plescheyev
1498-1524Ivan Vorontsov-Veliaminov Oblias
1500Grigoriy Mamon
1500Ivan Chulkov-Chebot
1501-1515Petr Davydov-Khromoy
1501Prince Vasiliy Romodanovskiy
1501Afanasiy Sakmyshev
1503Ivan Mamonov Bolshoy

Vasiliy III of Russia

!Year!Name!Notes
1506-1515Konstantin Zabolotskiy
1506Prince Konstantin Ushaty
1510Prince Vasiliy Zvenigorodskiy Nozdrovaty
1510-1511Mikhail Bezzubtsev
1510-1516Petr Zhitov
1510-1520Ivan Zhulebin
1510-1522Petr Zakharyin-Yakovlev
1510Ivan Morozov-Poplevin
1510Andrei Saburov
1510Ivan Dobrynskiy-Simskiy Khabar
1512-1515Ivan Kolychyov LobanKilled
1513-1535Andrei Buturlin
1514-1528Vasiliy Zakharyin-Yakovlev
1514-1538Mikhail Zakharyin-Yuryev
1514-1520Dmitriy Kitayev
1514Ivan Liatskiy
1516Vasiliy Morozov-Poplevin
1516Fedor Peshkov-Saburov Musa
1517Fedor Karpov
1518Mikhail Tuchkov-Morozov
1522Mikhail Plescheyev
1522Prince Semen Serebriany
1522Prince Ivan Telepnev-Obolenskiy, the Mute
1522Prince Ivan Ushaty-Liapun
1523-1529Andrei Velikoy
1523Prince Mikhail Kubenskiy
1524Prince Ivan Paletskiy
1525-1534Fedor Bezzubtsev
1530Fedor Karpov
1532Yakov Morozov-Poplevin
1532Prince Vasiliy Ushaty-Chulok

Ivan the Terrible

!Year!Name!Notes
1535Ivan Briukhovo-Morozov
1535Semen Shestunov-Krivoy
1536-1561Ivan Vorontsov-Foka
1538-1554Ivan Zhulebin Bolshoy
1538-1543Dmitriy Ivanov-Slepoy
1539Fedor Nagoy
1539-1545Semen Bezzubtsov Yepanchin
1540Prince Ivan Riapolovskiy Strigin
1542Fedor Plescheyev
1543-1547Ivan Bezzubtsov
1544Ivan Shein
1547-1551Ivan Kolychyov-Rudakov
1547Danila ZakharyinOkolnichy and Dvoretsky (1547)[4]
1548-1555Ivan Kolychyov Umnoy
1548-1556Fedor Adashev
1548Grigoriy Morozov-Poplevin
1548Mikhail Morozov-Poplevin
1548Danila Zakharyin
1549-1557Andrei Kvashin
1549-1571Dolmat Karpov
1549Ivan Sheremetev Bolshoy
1549Grigoriy Yakovlia
1550-1554Ivan Karpov
1550Semen Zabolotskiy
1550Vladimir Morozov-Poplevin
1550Petr Morozov-Poplevin
1550Semen Peshkov-Saburov
1550Yakov Saltykov
1552-1567Ivan Vorontsov
1552-1562Ivan Golovin
1552Semen Morozov-Poplevin
1552Aleksei Basmanov
? (died 1566)Mikhail GolovinExecuted
1552Lev Saltykov
1552Ivan Chobotov
1554Prince Ivan Khvorostinin
1554Ivan Alferyev
1555-1560Vasiliy Borisov
1555-1561Aleksei Adashev
1555Dmitriy Chebotov
1555Mikhail Yakovlia
1556Dmitriy Plescheyev
1556Vasiliy Danilov
1557Semen Yakovlev
155?Ivan Yakovlev
1557Nikita Sheremetev
1558Ivan Sheremetev Menshoy
1558Dmitriy Shastunov
1559Daniil AdashevExecuted
1559Fedor Kolychyov-Umnoy
1559Prince Vasiliy Sitskiy
1559Mikhail Yuryev
1559Vasiliy Yakovlia
? (died 1561)Prince Dmitriy Paletskiy
1563-1575Petr Zaitsov
1563Zakhariy Plescheyev
1563-1567Petr Golovin
1565-1575Vasiliy Kolychyov-Umnoy
1565-1571Mikhail Lykov
1565Mikhail Tuchkov-Morozov
1565Ivan Chulkov
1567-1571Mikhail KolychyovExecuted
1567-1576Nikita Borisov[5]
1568-1571Prince Vasiliy Viazemskiy
1569Prince Dmitriy Khvorostinin
1571Prince Ivan Khvorostinin
1572Grigoriy Sobakin
1572Vasiliy Sobakin Menshoy
1572Prince Osip Scherbatov
1573Prince Petr Tatev
1573Vasiliy Kolychyov
1573-1578Vasiliy VorontsovExecuted
1573-1605Dmitriy Godunov
1573Prince Yuriy Tokmakov
1573Prince Boris Tulupov
1576-1605Stepan Godunov
1576Boris Shein
1577Prince Petr Tatev[6]
1577Prince Dmitriy Khvorostinin
1577Fedor Nagoy
1577Mikhail Petrov
1577Fedor Sheremetev
1577-1580Prince Timofei Dolgorukov
1563-1571Afanasiy Buturlin
1563Ivan Buturlin
1568-1575Dmitriy Buturlin
1581Prince Ivan Velikogagin Menshoy
1581-1602Ivan Godunov
1581Prince Fedor Troyekurov
15??Dolmat Dalmatov-Karpov[7] At times of Ivan the Terrible

Feodor I of Russia, the Blessed

!Year!Name!Notes
1584-1586Prince Dmitriy Yeletskiy Boroda
1584Prince Fedor Khvorostinin
1584Ivan Saburov-Peshko
1584Prince Ivan Ganin
1584-1613Ivan Golovin
1585Prince Ivan Kolychev-Kriuk
1585-1589Prince Boris Zasekin
1585-1604Ivan Buturlin
1587-1600Andrei Kleshnin
1587Nikita Ochin-Plescheyev
1587Prince Petr Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1590Mikhail Saltykov
1591Semen Saburov Peshko
1592-1607Yakov Godunov-Tolstoy
1593Prince Ivan Turenin
1596-1604Dmitriy Veliaminov-Obenekov

Boris Godunov

!Year!Name!Notes
1598-1610Bogdan Belskiy
1598-1605Semen Godunov
1598-1639Matvei Godunov
1598Stepan Godunov
1598-1622Nikita Godunov
1598Prince Vasiliy Khvorostinin
1598Mikhail Saltykov
1598Mikhail Romanov
1598-1603Foma Buturlin
1601Vasiliy Morozov
1601-1606Petr Basmanov
1603Prince Ivan Khvorostinin
1603-1611Prince Aleksandr Zasekin-Zhyrovoy[8]
1604Ivan Basmanov
1604-1610Ivan Godunov
1604Prince Vasiliy Terenin
1604Petr Sheremetev

False Dmitry I

!Year!Name!Notes
1605-1613Prince Grigoriy DolgorukovKilled
1605Andrei Nagoy
1605Grigoriy Nagoy
1605Prince Dmitriy Turenin-Obolenskiy

Vasili IV of Russia Shuiskiy

!Year!Name!Notes
1606-1612Vasiliy Golovin
1606Prince Vladimir Klubkov-Mosalskiy
1606Aleksei Plescheyev
1606Prince Grigoriy Romodanovskiy
1607Mikhail Tatischev
1607-1654Semen Golovin
1607Vasiliy Schelkalov
1607-1634Artemiy Izmailov
1610Prince Vasiliy Litvinov-Mosalskiy

Michael of Russia

!Year!Name!Notes
1613Boris Saltykov
1619-1620Aleksei Zyuzin
1620-1640Fedor Buturlin
1622-1628Prince Fedor Lykov
1623-1627Prince Daniil Dolgorukov
1623Mikhail Saltykov
1626-1643Lev Dolmatov-Karpov
1627-1634Prince Grigoriy Volkonskiy[9]
1627-1629Vasiliy Akhamashukov-Cherkasskiy
1627-1640Feodor Buturlin
1627-1640Lev Dalmatov-Karpov
1627-1640Grigoriy Pushkin
1628-1629Prince Aleksei Lvov
1629 и 1636—1658Prince Andrei Litvinov-Mosalskiy
1629-1640Prince Semen Prozorovskiy
1629-1640Stepan Proyestev
1630Lukian Streshnev
1634Vasiliy Streshnev
1634-1635Vasiliy Korobyin
1634-1665Prince Fedor Volkonskiy
1635Prince Andrei Masalskiy
1636-1646Fedor Volynskiy
1636-1640Mikhail Saltykov
1636-1640Fedor Streshnev
1637Nikolay Veliaminov-Obenekov
1640Miron Veliaminov-Zernov
1640Prince Dmitriy Lvov
1640Nikifor Sobakin
1640-1658Boris Pushkin

Alexis of Russia

!Year!Name!Notes
1645Grigoriy Pushkin
1646Prince Dmitriy Volkonskiy
1646Prince Vasiliy Romodanovskiy Menshoy
1646Mikhail Buturlin
1646Petr Trakhaniotov
1646Fedor Karpov-Dolmatov
1647Prince Semen Pozharskiy
1647Prince Ivan Khilkov
1648Prince Ivan Romodanovskiy Menshoy
1649Prince Ivan Khilkov
1649Stepan Pushkin
1649-1651Timofei Buturlin
1650-1673Fedor Buturlin
1650-1655Vasiliy Buturlin
1650Mikhail Rtischev
1650Vasiliy Choglokov
(?) died 1650Prince Petr Volkonskiy
1651Stepan Streshnev
1651-1674Prince Dmitriy Dolgorukov
1652-1654Petr Golovin
1652-1659Prince Semen Lvov
1653Prince Aleksei Dolgorukov
1654Prince Boris Troyekurov
1655Andrei Buturlin
1655Daniil Velikogagin
1655Prince Timofei Scherbatov
1655-1667Zhdan Kondyrev
1655Fedor Kriukov[10] [11] received feoffment as yaselnichy
1656Nikita Boborykin
1656Fedor Rtischev
1658-1664Fedor Yelizarov
1658-1667Vasiliy Yeropkin
1658Ivan Gavrenev
1658-1661Aleksei Kolychyov
1658Fedor Miloslavskiy
1658Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1658Prince Vasiliy Lvov
1658Prince Semen Lvov
1658Prince Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1658Prince Semen Pozharskiy
1658-1664Prince Fedor Dolgorukov
1658Prince Grigoriy Romodanovskiy
1658Prince Ivan Pozharskiy
1658Prokofiy Sokovnin
1658Ivan Streshnev Menshoy
1658Prince Fedor Khilkov
1658Bogdan Khitrovo
1658Vasiliy Choglokov
1658Osip Shusherin
1658Timofei Shusherin
1658-1668Prince Nikita Lvov
1658-1668Prince Dmitriy Dolgorukov
1658-1668Prince Petr Dolgorukov
1658-1668Prince Danila Veliko-Gagin
1658-1668Andrei Buturlin
1658-1668Fedor Buturlin
1658-1673Semen Izmailov
1658-1668Prince Ivan Pozharskiy
1658-1668Fedor Rtischev
1658-1668Osip Sukin
1658-1676Prince Ivan Bariatinskiy
1658-1676Nikita Boborykin
1658-1676Mikhail Volynskiy
1658-1676Vasiliy Volynskiy
1658-1676Ivan Miloslavskiy
1658-1676Ivan Streshnev Bolshoy
1658-1676Rodion Streshnev
1659Mikhail Volynskiy
1660Prince Osip Scherbatov
1665Ivan Miloslavskiy
1665Afanasiy Ordin-Naschokin
(?) died 1667Vasiliy Choglokov
1668Prince Yuriy Bariatisnkiy
1668-1675Prince Vasiliy Volkonskiy-Verigin Liubka
1668-1676Prince Vladimir Dolgorukov
1668-1676Prince Grigoriy Kozlovskiy
1668-1676Matvei Pushkin
1668-1686Petr Skuratov
1670-1676Konstantin ShusherinBoyar (1682—1692).
1671-1675Prince Vasiliy Volkonskiy-Verigin Liubka
1672Artamon Matveyev
1672Kirill Naryshkin
1675Ivan Khitrovo

Feodor III of Russia

!Year!Name!Notes
1676-1677Ivan Buturlin
1676Matvei Miloslavskiy
1676Prince Aleksandr Lobanov-Rostovskiy
1676Afanasiy Narbekov
1676Grigoriy Sobakin
1676-1686Aleksandr Khitrovo
1677Ivan Khitrovo Bolshoy
1677Yakov Volynskiy
1677Aleksei Golovin
1677Mikhail Golovin
1677Semen Zaborovskiy
1677Ivan Matiushkin
1677Petr Matiushkin
1677Ivan Kondyrev
1677Ivan Rzhevskiy
1677Vasiliy Sobakin
1677Fedor Sokovnin
1677Ilya Chirikov
1677Boris Yushkov
1677Prince Grigoriy Volkonskiy
1677Prince Ivan Troyekurov
1677-1686Andrei Chirikov
1677-1686Petr Kondyrev
1677-1692Prince Stepan Lvov
1678Semen Kondyrev
1678-1686Ivan Pronchischev
1678-1692Ivan Chaadayev
1679Nikita Streshnev
1679Boris Buturlin
1679Ivan Volynskiy
1679Ivan Kodanov
1679Prince Mikhail Lvov
1679-1686Prince Daniil Bariatinskiy
1680Prince Daniil Bariatinskiy
1680Ivan Yazykov
1680Prince Boris Gorchakov
1680Aleksei Likhachyov
1681Prince Ivan Korkodinov
1681Prince Mikhail Lykov

Ivan V of Russia and Peter the Great

!Year!Name!Notes
1682Roman Bobrykin
1682Fedor Leontyev
1682Andrei Leontyev
1682Ivan Leontyev
1682-1692Vasiliy Leontyev
1682Pavel Yazykov
1682Prince Fedul Volkonskiy
1682Prince Mikhail Volkonskiy
1682Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy
1682Prince Petr Lvov
1682Fedor Volynskiy
1682-1692Mikhail Glebov
1682Petr Golovin
1682Lev Golokhvastov
1682Prince Mikhail Zhirovoy-Zasekin
1682Andrei Matveyev
1682Aleksandr Protasyev
1682Bogdan Pushkin
1682Andrei Tolshoy
1682Fedor Scheglovitov
1682-1686Larion Miloslavskiy
1682-1686Tikhon Streshnev
1682-1686Prince Yakov Khilkov
1682-1686Kirill Khlopov
1682-1692Venedikt Zmeyev
1682-1692Prince Boris Gorchakov
1682-1692Vasiliy Narbekov
1682-1692Bogdan Polibin
1682-1692Ivan Pushkin
1682-1692Aleksei Sokovnin
1683Prince Nikita Rostovskiy
1683-1686Leontiy Nepliuyev
1683-1686Ivan Buturlin
1683-1686Prince Matvei Obolenskiy
1683-1686Aleksei Rzhevskiy
1683-1692Ivan Musin-Pushkin
1683-1692Matvei Izmailov
1683-1692Semen Tolochanov
1683-1692Prince Ivan Khotetovskiy
1683-1692Prince Fedor Shakhovskoy
1683-1692Prince Dmitriy Scherbatov
1684-1713Petr Apraksin
1684-1692Nikita Akinfov
1684-1727Fedor ApraksinGovernor of Astrakhan (1693), Admiral general (1706)
1684-1686Mikhail Tatischev
1684-1692Ivan Zheliabuzhskiy
1684-1692Prince Vasiliy Zasekin
1685Prince Ivan Dashkov
1686Fedor Golovin
1686Yakov Pushkin
1686 и 1692Mikhail Likhachev
1687-1692Prince Mikhail Lvov
1688Petr Lopukhin Menshoy
1688Kondratiy Naryshkin
1688Matvei Naryshkin
1688Aggei Shepelev
1688-1692Ivan Leontyev
1688-1692Ivan Matiushkin
1688-1692Prince Petr Lvov
1688-1692Mikhail Sobakin
1689Ivan Golovin
1689Vasiliy Lopukhin
1689Illarion Lopukhin
1689Petr Lopukhin Bolshoy
1689Ivan Golovkin
1689Semen Poltev
1689Ivan Tatischev Bolshoy
1689Fedor Shaklovity
1689-1692Ivan Golovin
1689-1692Kiryan Kvashnin-Samarin
1689-1692Grigoriy Naryshkin
1689-1692Pavel Savyolov
1689-1692Dmitriy Streshnev
1690-1692Andrei Leontyev
1690-1692Prince Ivan Zasekin
1690-1692Fedor Zykov
1690-1692Mikhail Kolupayev
1690-1692Mikhail Glebov
1690-1692Iov Golokhvastov
1690-1692Rodion Pavlov
1690-1692Timofei Savyolov
1690-1692Vasiliy Streshnev
1690-1692Prince Ivan Ukhtomskiy
1690-1692Prince Perfiliy Shakhovskoy
1691Semen Koltovskiy
1691Vasiliy Naryshkin
1691-1692Fedor Narbekov
1691-1692Prince Fedor Bariatinskiy
1691-1692Aleksandr Protasyev
1692Vasiliy Leontyev
1692Ivan Naryshkin
1692Petr Potyomkin
1692Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy
1692Timofei Yushkov
1693Petr Golovin
1693Prince Mikhail Zhirovoy-Zasekin
1693Yuriy Shusherin
1693-1696Timofei Choglokov
1711Aleksei YushkovPromoted from stolniks to okolnichies (4 November 1711) during trip of the Tsar to Elbing. There were no more promotions to okolnichy.[12]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Encyclopaedic Dictionary, German Academy of Sciences at Berlin, publications of the Slavistics institute by H. H. Bielefeld, 7th unchanged edition 1970; page 507 — «ru: Oко́льничий = Okolnichy» — license number: 202 • 100/242/70.
  2. Чины в Московском государстве // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907
  3. Берх В. Систематический список боярам, окольничим и думным дворянам от 1468 до разрушения этих органов. СПб. 1833 г.
  4. Богуславский В., Бурминов В. В. Древняя Русь. Рюриковичи. Иллюстрированный исторический словарь. Второе издание. Профит Стайл. — М. 2009. стр. 205.
  5. Систематические списки боярам, окольничим и думным дворянам с 1408 года до уничтожения сиих чинов. СПб. Изд: тип. Х. Гинце. 1833 г. Список Окольничим. стр. 48-60
  6. Выписка из Разрядного и Челобитного приказов. 1577 г. Список бояр, окольничих и дворян, которые служат из выбора 85 г.
  7. Л. М. Савёлов. Родословные записи Леонида Михайловича Савелова: опыт родословного словаря русского древнего дворянства. М. 1906—1909 г. Изд: Печатня С. П. Яковлева. Вып: № 3. Далматовы-Карповы. стр. 13.
  8. Автор-сост. В. В. Богуславский. Славянская энциклопедия XVII век. (в 2-х томах). Том. I. Изд: ОЛМА-Пресс. Красный пролетарий. М. 2004 г. А. Ф. Жировой-Засекин. стр. 450. .
  9. Алфавитный указатель фамилий и лиц, упоминаемых в Боярских книгах, хранящихся в I-ом отделении московского архива министерства юстиции, с обозначением служебной деятельности каждого лица и годов состояния, в занимаемых должностях. М., Типогр: С. Селивановского. 1853 г. Фамилии по алфавиту.
  10. В.И. Чернопятов. Род Крюковых. М. 1915 г. стр. 30.
  11. Дополнение к историческим актам. Т. 1. стр. 118.
  12. Миллер Ф. И. Известия о дворянах российских. — СПб. 1790 г. М., 2017 г., с. 81.

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