List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations explained

An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more. Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.

Systemic allergic diseases

Skin and mucous membrane diseases

Acne rosacea
Albinism
Atopic dermatitis
Behçet's disease
Cicatricial pemphigoid
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Epidermolysis bullosa
Erythema multiforme
Goltz–Gorlin syndrome
Ichthyosis
Incontinentia pigmenti
Nevus of Ota
Pemphigus
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Psoriasis
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (Erythema multiforme major)
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome
Xeroderma pigmentosum

Phacomatoses

Angiomatosis retinae (Von Hippel–Lindau disease) (retinocerebellar capillary hemangiomatosis)
Ataxia telangiectasia (Louis–Bar syndrome)
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge–Weber syndrome) (encephalofacial cavernous hemangiomatosis)
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's syndrome)
Wyburn–Mason syndrome (racemose hemangiomatosis)

Collagen diseases

Ankylosing spondylitis
Dermatomyositis
Periarteritis nodosa
Reactive arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Temporal arteritis
Relapsing polychondritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis, restrictive ophthalmopathy, chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis may also cause inflammation of the optic nerve, ophthalmoplegia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, episcleritis, dacrocystitis, nasolacrimnal duct obstruction, dacroadenitis, uveitis, and retinal vasculitis.

Systemic viral infections

Varicella (chickenpox)
Rubeola (measles)
Rubella (German measles)
Variola (smallpox)
Vaccinia
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Mumps
Infectious mononucleosis
Influenza
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
Pharyngoconjunctival fever (adenovirus 3)
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (adenovirus 8)
Human immunodeficiency virus (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Ebola^[1]
Rift Valley Fever^[2]
Dengue^[3]
Hantavirus^[4]

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