Ocean fisheries explained

A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be wild or farmed. Most of the world's wild fisheries are in the ocean. This article is an overview of ocean fisheries.

Statistics

Oceans occupy 71 percent of the Earth's surface. They are divided into five major oceans, which in decreasing order of size are: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Over 70 percent of the world catch from the sea comes from the Pacific Ocean.

Ocean metrics
Ocean	Area million km^2	%	Volume^[1] million cu km	%	Mean depth km	Max depth km	Coastline km	Fish capture^[2] million tonnes	%
Pacific Ocean^[3]	155.6	46.4	679.6	49.6	4.37	10.924	135,663	84.234	71.0
Atlantic Ocean^[4]	76.8	22.9	313.4	22.5	4.08	8.605	111,866	24.045	20.3
Indian Ocean^[5]	68.6	20.4	269.3	19.6	3.93	7.258	66,526	10.197	8.6
Southern Ocean^[6]	20.3	6.1	91.5	6.7	4.51	7.235	17,968	0.147	0.1
Arctic Ocean^[7]	14.1	4.2	17.0	1.2	1.21	4.665	45,389
Totals	335.3		1370.8^[8]		4.09	10.924	356,000	118.623

Pacific Ocean

Pacific seas : Statistics
Region	Area million km^2	Volume million cu km	Mean depth km	Max depth km	Coastline km	Fish harvest million tonnes	Percent of total
Celebes Sea	0.280			6.2
Coral Sea
East China Sea	1.249
Philippine Sea
Sea of Japan	0.978		1.753	3.742
South China Sea	3.5
Sulu Sea
Tasman Sea
Yellow Sea

Southern Ocean

Southern seas : Statistics
Region	Area million km^2	Volume million cu km	Mean depth km	Max depth km	Coastline km	Fish harvest million tonnes	Percent of total
Amundsen Sea
Bellingshausen Sea
Ross Sea
Cooperation Sea
Cosmonaut Sea
Weddell Sea

See also

• Wild fisheries
• World fish production
• Fishing by country
• List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
• Population dynamics of fisheries

References

• World Ocean Atlas (2005) World ocean databasee. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
• The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (2007) The World Ocean. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
• Jacques, Peter (2006) Globalization and the world ocean Rowman Altamira.
• Eakins, B.W. and G.F. Sharman (2010) "Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1" NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO.

Notes and References

1. http://encarta.msn.com/media_461547746/The_World's_Oceans_and_Seas.html The World's Oceans and Seas.
2. FAO 2005 statistics: Fisheries and Aquaculture. Includes fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, does not include marine mammals or aquatic plants.
3. CIA Factbook: Pacific ocean.
4. CIA Factbook: Atlantic ocean.
5. CIA Factbook: Indian ocean.
6. CIA Factbook: Southern ocean.
7. CIA Factbook: Arctic ocean.
8. Elert, Glenn Volume of Earth's Oceans. The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
9. "Pacific Ocean". Britannica Concise. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
10. Book: Hopley , David . Smithers, Scott G. . Parnell, Kevin E. . The geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef : development, diversity, and change . 2007 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-85302-6 . 27 .
11. Web site: Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas - Part I: Sea Surface Height . ERC-Stennis at Mississippi State University . 2007-02-02 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20040318165044/http://www.ssc.erc.msstate.edu/Tides2D/sea_of_japan.html . 2004-03-18 .
12. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/11/03/ap/tech/mainD8DKNQH80.shtml Bleaching Threatens Caribbean Coral Reefs
13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3679332.stm Alarm sounded for Caribbean coral
14. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/international/spaw.htm Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (SPAW)
15. http://na.nefsc.noaa.gov/lme/text/lme12.htm#fish LME 12: Caribbean Sea
16. Web site: GULF OF MEXICO . Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association.
17. Pinet, Paul R. (1996) Invitation to Oceanography, St Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., (3rd ed.), p.202
18. Pinet, p. 206
19. Pinet, pp. 206–7
20. Pinet, p. 207
21. Galil, B.S. and Zenetos, A. (2002). A sea change: exotics in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in: Leppäkoski, E. et al. (2002). Invasive aquatic species of Europe: distribution, impacts and management. pp. 325-336.
22. Web site: Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental issues.
23. Web site: SCADPlus: Barcelona Convention: protecting the Mediterranean Sea . europa.eu . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060613123936/http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28084.htm . 2006-06-13.
24. Web site: Mediterranean Monk Seal Fact Files: Overview.
25. Web site: Marine Litter: An analytical overview . 2008-08-01 . 2005 . United Nations Environment Programme .
26. Web site: ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH INQUIRY INTO THE SCOTTISH FISHING INDUSTRY . 2007-12-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216043206/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/evidence/IFFO_all.pdf . 2008-02-16 . dead .
27. http://www.oceanlight.com/lightbox.php?lr=Bay_of_Bengal Phillip Colla Natural History Photography
28. http://www.newagebd.com/2005/jan/05/nature.html Naturalist: On the swatch of no ground: Mashida R Haider goes to the Bay of Bengal and comes back full of the marine life there
29. http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/data/S_attenuata/s_attenuata.htm CMS: Stenella attenuata, Pantropical spotted dolphin
30. Web site: Hydrographic Survey Results. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2008. 2008-04-06.
31. Web site: Red Sea & Gulf of Aden. United Nations Environment Programme. 2005. 2008-04-04.
32. Web site: US Coalition Presence in Gulf Helps Cut Piracy: Commander. Arab News. 2005-07-03. 2008-04-04.
33. FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly
34. Siliotti, A. (2002) fishes of the red sea Verona, Geodia
35. News: Urbina. Ian. July 28, 2015. A Renegade Trawler, Hunted for 10,000 Miles by Vigilantes. The New York Times.
36. NZ National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (2003) [www.niwa.cri.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/29842/fau-2003-06.pdf ''Fisheries & Aquaculture Update.''] No 6. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
37. Web site: Introduction to the Oceans. www.physicalgeography.net. Michael Pidwirny. 2006 . 2006-12-07 .
38. http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean
39. http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/background/physical/physical.html Physical Nutrients and Primary Productivity