are traditional Japanese fabric dividers hung between rooms, on walls, in doorways, or in windows. They usually have one or more vertical slits cut from the bottom to nearly the top of the fabric, allowing for easier passage or viewing. are rectangular and come in many different materials, sizes, colours, and patterns.
The noren originated in China and was introduced to Japan during the late Heian period.[1] Japanese people originally used miscanthus, reeds, rice straw, and bamboo as barriers to the entrances of houses. Using fabric curtains as dividers was an idea imported from China around the same time as Zen Buddhism.[2] The term noren began to be used in the late Kamakura period. Merchants in the Edo period added store names or family crests to the noren to represent the business name or trademark, making the noren a symbol of credibility and reputation.
were originally used to protect a house from wind, dust, and rain, as well as to keep a house warm on cold days and to provide shade on hot summer days.[3] They can also be used for decorative purposes or for dividing a room into two separate spaces.
Exterior are traditionally used by shops and restaurants as a means of protection from sun, wind, and dust, and for displaying a shop's name or logo.[4] Names are often Japanese characters, especially kanji, but may be emblems, Japanese rebus monograms, or abstract designs. designs are generally traditional to complement their association with traditional establishments, but modern designs also exist. Interior are often used to separate dining areas from kitchens or other preparation areas, which also prevents smoke or smells from escaping.
Because a often features the shop name or logo, the word in Japanese may also refer to a company's brand value. Most notably, in Japanese accounting, the word is used to describe the goodwill of a company after an acquisition.[5]
(commercial bathhouses) also place across their entrances with the kanji or the corresponding hiragana Japanese: ゆ, typically blue in color for men and red for women.[6] They are also hung in the front entrance to a shop to signify that the establishment is open for business, and they are always taken down at the end of the business day.[7]