Next Singaporean general election explained

Country:Singapore
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:yes
Previous Election:2020 Singaporean general election
Previous Year:2020
Outgoing Members:14th Parliament of Singapore
Election Date:By 23 November 2025
Seats For Election:All 93 elected seats in Parliament (and up to 12 NCMPs)
Party1:People's Action Party
Leader1:Lawrence Wong
Last Election1:61.23%, 83 seats
Seats Before1:79
Party2:Workers' Party of Singapore
Leader2:Pritam Singh
Last Election2:11.22%, 10 seats
Seats Before2:8
Seats Needed2: 39
Party3:Progress Singapore Party
Leader3:Hazel Poa
Last Election3:10.18%, 2 seats
Seats Before3:2
Seats Needed3: 47
Prime Minister
Before Election:Lawrence Wong
Before Party:PAP

General elections are due to be held in Singapore no later than 23 November 2025 to determine the composition of the fifteenth Singaporean Parliament. The elections will be the nineteenth in Singapore since 1948 and the fourteenth since independence.

For the first time since the 2006 general election, Lee Hsien Loong will not be leading the governing People's Action Party (PAP) into this election, as he was succeeded by Lawrence Wong as Prime Minister on 15 May 2024.[1]

Background

Pursuant to Article 65 of the Constitution, the maximum term of Parliament is five years from the date of its first sitting following a general election, after which it is dissolved. However, the President can dissolve Parliament at any time during the aforesaid five-year period, if advised by the Prime Minister to do so, and if the President is satisfied that, in tendering that advice, the Prime Minister commands the confidence of a majority of the Members of Parliament (MPs).[2] A general election must be held within three months after every dissolution of Parliament.[3]

Electoral Divisions (also referred to as seats in Parliament) are organised into Single Member Constituencies (SMCs) and Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs). Each SMC returns one MP using the first past the post voting system, while each GRC returns four or five MPs by party block voting, at least one of whom must be from the Malay, Indian or other minority communities. A group of candidates intending to contest an election in a GRC must all be members of the same political party, or a group of independent candidates. The voting age in Singapore is 21 years. Elections are conducted by the Elections Department (ELD), a department under the Prime Minister's Office.[4]

The returning officer for this election is Han Kok Juan, the Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). This will be his first election as Returning Officer, taking over from Tan Meng Dui who had served in this role in the previous general election.[5]

The People's Action Party won a majority of seats in the 2020 general election in its toughest contest since independence, winning all but three electoral divisions (two GRCs and one SMC). It retained West Coast GRC in a fight against the Progress Singapore Party, though with the narrowest margin of victory among all electoral divisions;[6] the top scoring GRC was the neighbouring Jurong GRC won by the party.[7] The Workers' Party won the new Sengkang GRC and retained Aljunied GRC and Hougang SMC. Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Secretary-General of the NTUC Ng Chee Meng, who had led the Sengkang PAP team, was considered the highest profile political casualty of the election.[8]

Electoral boundaries

As of 7 August 2024,[9] the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee has not been convened.[10] In a statement by the Elections Department, the register was refreshed on 19 June 2024 and had inspection opened till 2 July.[11] The latest certification for the Register of Electors was released on 21 July, announcing an electorate of 2,715,187.[12]

Political developments

Vacated seats

With a total of six seats vacated during the term, this parliament term had the largest vacation of seats post-independence since the inaugural parliament back in 1965, where a combined 14 seats were vacated (13 Barisan Sosialis and Ong Eng Guan of United People's Party).

AffiliationMembers with Voting Rights
ElectedNon-ConstituencyAs at 2020At PresentChange
83-8379 4
10-108 2
-222-
Government majority7169 2
Vacancies06 6

List of vacated seats

Affiliation MemberConstituencyDate of ResignationReason
Raeesah KhanSengkang GRC30 November 2021Made unsubstantiated allegations in Parliament on three occasions
Tharman ShanmugaratnamJurong GRC7 July 2023Resigned from seat to contest the 2023 Singaporean presidential election
Cheng Li HuiTampines GRC17 July 2023Involved in extramarital affair involving each other
Tan Chuan-JinMarine Parade GRC
Aljunied GRC19 July 2023Involved in extramarital affair with party member Nicole Seah
S. IswaranWest Coast GRC18 January 2024Prosecuted on multiple charges including corruption

People's Action Party

After the 2020 general election, the governing People's Action Party (PAP) appointed Heng Swee Keat as First Assistant Secretary-General, and next in line to succeed Lee Hsien Loong as Prime Minister during their Central Executive Committee (CEC) election, subject to the party winning a majority of seats in the next general election.[13] Four new members, including three serving ministers and Ng Chee Meng, were also co-opted into the CEC.[14]

In April 2021, Heng subsequently withdrew from and ruled himself out as the potential next prime minister, citing age and health concerns, though analysts also attributed the withdrawal to Heng's worse-than-expected result in East Coast GRC during the previous general election.[15] [16]

On 14 April 2022, Lawrence Wong was endorsed by an overwhelming majority of PAP MPs as the leader of the fourth generation (4G) of PAP leadership, placing him in line to succeed Lee as prime minister if the party wins a majority of seats in the next general election.[17] On 13 June 2022, Lawrence Wong was appointed Deputy Prime Minister. This move further cemented his standing as the successor to Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. It was announced on 5 November 2023 that Lee would hand over the office to Wong in 2024 before the party's 70th anniversary.[18] [19] The date was confirmed as 15 May 2024 in an announcement on 15 April 2024; Lee stepped down his post and passed his premier to Wong on that day.[20] The new cabinet was also announced, with Gan Kim Yong promoted as the next-in-line Deputy Prime Minister and Lee conferred as a Senior Minister,[21] though changes to the cabinet were minor until the next election.[22]

On 7 July 2023, Tharman Shanmugaratnam resigned from all his positions in the government and as a member of the PAP in order to run for the 2023 presidential election,[23] in which he would later go on to win.[24]

On 12 July 2023, S. Iswaran was summoned to assist in an unspecified corruption investigation by the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB). Upon being briefed on the investigation by the CPIB, Prime Minister Lee instructed Iswaran to go on a leave of absence with immediate effect until investigations ended, and subsequently suspending his duties as an MP; Chee Hong Tat was appointed as Acting Minister for Transport.[25] On 15 July 2023, it was revealed that Iswaran had been arrested pursuant to the investigation and was released on bail on 11 July 2023.[26] The investigation had also expanded to include billionaire businessman Ong Beng Seng, who was arrested at the same time.[27] [28] [29]

CPIB's investigations were concluded on 9 January 2024 and was handed over to the Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC) for prosecution, according to a parliamentary reply given by Minister-in-charge of Public Service Chan Chun Sing.[30] A week later, Iswaran resigned from the Cabinet and as the MP of West Coast GRC and member of the People's Action Party (PAP), following the charges against him by the AGC.[31] In a follow-up letter the next day, he pledged to return the salary that he had received since the beginning of the CPIB investigation in July 2023 back to the government.[31] The following day, State Courts of Singapore revealed that Iswaran had been charged of 27 offences, including charges of corruption and obstruction of justice,[32] [33] becoming the first cabinet minister since Teh Cheang Wan in 1986 to be charged for corruption; the charges against Iswaran, who pleaded not guilty, thus attracted several international news outlets to report on the case.[34] [35] [36] [37] Consequently, Chee Hong Tat succeeded Iswaran as Minister for Transport, while Grace Fu succeeded him as Minister-in-charge for Trade Relations.[38]

On 17 July 2023, both Cheng Li Hui and Speaker Tan Chuan-Jin simultaneously resigned from Parliament and as members of the PAP due to "propriety and personal conduct", alluding to extramarital affairs.[39] Prime Minister Lee, in response to their resignation letters, said in a statement that their resignations were "necessary" to "maintain the high standards of propriety and personal conduct which the PAP has upheld all these years." On 2 August 2023, Seah Kian Peng succeeded Tan as Speaker of Parliament.[40] [41]

Workers' Party

After the 2020 general election, the Workers' Party (WP) elected the four newly elected MPs in Sengkang GRC into the Central Executive Committee (CEC).[42] Party leaders Pritam Singh and Sylvia Lim were re-elected unopposed.[43] Former secretary-general Low Thia Khiang, who did not contest in the previous election because of an injury, confirmed that he had not retired from politics, although he did say that "to me, if I were to one day to offer myself as candidate, I think it's a back step, which I would not want to see that";[44] [45] as of the recent CEC change on 30 June 2024, Low remains listed as a party's CEC member, so were the re-elections of secretary-general Singh and chairwoman Lim; among the new members were Ang Boon Yaw, Nathaniel Koh and Tan Kong Soon, while former Hougang SMC MP Png Eng Huat stepped down in 2022,[46] and former (and now-defunct) Punggol East SMC MP Lee Li Lian was reinstated into CEC on 30 June 2024 after her absence in three years;[47] Lee was currently working as a town councilor to Sengkang Town Council at the time of announcement.[48]

Two seats have been vacated during the term. The first resignation occurred on 30 November 2021, after Raeesah Khan admitted to making unsubstantiated allegations in Parliament on three occasions.[49] [50] [51] Upon interviewed by the Parliament's Committee of Privileges on Ms. Raeesah Khan, Parliament referred Party Leaders Pritam Singh and Faisal Manap to the public prosecutor for potentially misleading (lying) Parliament. Manap has since been advised by the police "to familiarise himself with the conduct expected of Members of Parliament". Singh has since been charged for lying to Parliament by the public prosecutor.[52] [53]

The second resignation occurred on 19 July 2023, with Leon Perera and Nicole Seah, president of the party's youth wing resigned from the party after a viral video surfaced an extramarital affair between Perera and Seah.[54] The party had also expelled a former CEC and NCMP Daniel Goh in June 2023 over his Facebook posts questioning Khan's resignation and criticising the party leadership for "allowing the transgression to persist".[55] [56]

Progress Singapore Party

After the 2020 general election, Assistant Secretary-General Leong Mun Wai and Vice-Chairwoman Hazel Poa were appointed Non-Constituency Members of Parliament by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.[57] A policy research team, youth, and women wings were also created as part of the reorganisation of the party.[58] As of 2024, PSP's founder Tan Cheng Bock revealed he had not retired from politics, and continued his walkabout and rallying at West Coast GRC, the ward where it was their best-performing constituency for the party; however, neither Tan nor the team revealed further details at the time until the election date draws close.[59]

The role for the party's Secretary-General had since taken over by Hazel Poa as of 20 February 2024,[60] quashing speculations of a rift within the party that Tan had been pressured by party cadres to step down in order to make way for a younger candidate, after Tan Cheng Bock relinquished the role on 3 April 2021 to Francis Yuen;[61] [62] Yuen left the role on 26 March 2023 citing work commitments.[63] NCMP Leong Mun Wai then held the role from 4 April until 20 February 2024, following complications over the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA)[64] for a post about financial aid to an elderly couple living at West Coast.[65]

On May 13 2024, Assistant Secretary-General Ang Yong Guan – who is also a medical doctor and runs his own practice, Ang Yong Guan Psychiatry – was found guilty of three counts of professional misconduct for departing from guidelines in prescribing various medications to a patient, leading to the patient's death in 2012. The PSP has not yet taken any diciplinary action on Ang; PSP spokesperson said that "We respect the court’s decision and will discuss future plans with Dr Ang".[66]

Extraparliamentary parties

Reform Party

Reform Party Secretary-General Kenneth Jeyaretnam removed Chairman Andy Zhu from his position of the RP's Central Executive Committee (CEC), and replaced him with Charles Yeo, alongside treasurer Noraini Yunus. The party accused Zhu and his associates, for improper procedures in the handling of the party's bank account.[67] Zhu subsequently formed its splinter party, Singapore United Party, with several former members of RP.[68] Osman Suliaman was among the members who resigned, but joined the Singapore People's Party instead.[69]

Yeo relinquished his position on 15 January 2022 over arrests relating to alleged offences of criminal breach of trust and forgery in the course of his works.[70]

Singapore Democratic Party

The Singapore Democratic Party had made preparations ahead of the election, and began their walkabout and campaigning around August 2023.[71] They also have announced on contesting Sembawang GRC for the first time since the 2011 election.[72] [73] The party also relocated their headquarters to WGECA Tower on 11 November 2023.[74]

Ahead of the announcement, two former MP-elects in the 1991 election died- on 30 April 2021, former chairman Ling How Doong due to pneumonia,[75] then on 4 June 2024, former Nee Soon Central SMC MP and now-NSP member Cheo Chai Chen due to oesophageal cancer.[76]

Parliamentary groups from other smaller parties

Two parliamentary groups of four existing or new parties were formed within four months in 2023, making it the first addition of a political umbrella since Singapore Democratic Alliance in 2001. In June 2023, Peoples Voice's chief Lim Tean founded the People's Alliance, along with the Reform Party, People's Power Party and Democratic Progressive Party.[77]

Four months later in October 2023, another group, The Coalition, was formed by the National Solidarity Party, Red Dot United, Singapore People's Party and Singapore United Party.[78] [79]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Min . Chew Hui . Lee Hsien Loong to step down: From maths prodigy to Singapore's third prime minister . TODAY . 17 April 2024 . en . 15 April 2024.
  2. Web site: Article 65 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore . Attorney-General's Chambers.
  3. Web site: Singapore Elections Department – Parliamentary Elections. 4 March 2018. eld.gov.sg. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142645/http://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_parliamentary.html. 5 March 2018. dead.
  4. Web site: Singapore Elections Department – About Us. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809053747/http://www.eld.gov.sg/about.html. 9 August 2017. 4 March 2018. eld.gov.sg. en.
  5. Web site: CAAS chief Han Kok Juan appointed Returning Officer for Singapore elections . CNA . 24 April 2024 . en.
  6. News: S . Thyaga Rajan . Lim . Min Zhang . Koh . Fabian . GE2020 official results: PAP retains West Coast GRC with 51.69% of votes against Tan Cheng Bock's PSP . 25 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 2 September 2020.
  7. News: Baharudin . Hariz . Davie . Sandra . GE2020 official results: Tharman leads PAP to thumping win in Jurong GRC with 75 % of votes against RDU . 25 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 11 July 2020.
  8. News: Toh . Wen Li . Lim . Yan Liang . GE2020 official results: WP wins Sengkang GRC with 52.13% of votes, clinching its second GRC . 25 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 1 September 2020.
  9. Web site: Goh . Yan Han . Electoral Boundaries Review Committee not yet formed: Chan Chun Sing . The Straits Times . 9 August 2024 . en . 8 August 2024.
  10. Web site: Correspondent . Chin Soo FangSenior . How might S'pore's electoral boundaries be redrawn, as several constituencies see a jump in voter numbers? . The Straits Times . 6 July 2024 . en . 5 July 2024.
  11. Web site: PRESS RELEASE INSPECTION OF REVISED REGISTERS OF ELECTORS . 6 July 2024.
  12. Web site: PR on Certification of Revised Registers of Electors (2024).pdf . 24 July 2024.
  13. News: Yuen . Sin . Lim . Min Zhang . PAP conference: Lawrence Wong, Desmond Lee elected to party's top committee for first time . 2 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 9 November 2020.
  14. News: Ong . Justin . PAP co-opts four new members into its top decision-making body, including Ng Chee Meng . 2 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 20 November 2020.
  15. News: Tan . Sumiko . DPM Heng Swee Keat steps aside as leader of 4G team, setting back Singapore's succession plan for next PM . 8 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 8 April 2021.
  16. News: Tham . Yuen-C . Heng Swee Keat's decision catches many by surprise; Pritam Singh pledges to work with next 4G leader . 9 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 9 April 2021.
  17. Web site: Finance Minister Lawrence Wong endorsed as leader of 4G team: PM Lee . 14 April 2022 . CNA . en.
  18. Web site: Correspondent . Goh Yan HanPolitical . PM Lee says he will hand over leadership to DPM Wong by 2024 if all goes well, before next GE . The Straits Times . 5 November 2023 . en . 5 November 2023.
  19. Web site: Singapore's Lawrence Wong 'ready' for top job, ruling PAP to be refreshed by 2024 . South China Morning Post . 5 November 2023 . en . 5 November 2023.
  20. Web site: Lee Hsien Loong to step down as Singapore prime minister in May . https://web.archive.org/web/20240415084339/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Lee-Hsien-Loong-to-step-down-as-Singapore-prime-minister-in-May . 2024-04-15 . 2024-04-15 . Nikkei Asia . en-GB.
  21. Web site: PMO Changes to Cabinet and Other Appointments (May 2024) . Prime Minister's Office Singapore . 6 July 2024 . en . 14 May 2024.
  22. Web site: Lai . Linette . Yuen-C . Tham . PM Lee to become senior minister, no major changes to Cabinet until after next GE: DPM Wong . The Straits Times . 6 July 2024 . en . 16 April 2024.
  23. Web site: Tharman Shanmugaratnam to run for President in Singapore, will resign from PAP . 2023-06-08 . CNA . en.
  24. News: Tharman Shanmugaratnam elected as Singapore's 9th president in 70.4% landslide. Business Times. 2 September 2023. Tessa. Oh. 1 September 2023. 2 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230902014744/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/tharman-shanmugaratnam-elected-singapores-9th-president-704-landslide. live.
  25. News: July 12, 2023 . Transport Minister S Iswaran assisting in CPIB investigation, instructed to take leave of absence by PM Lee . . July 12, 2023.
  26. News: Agence France-Presse . 2023-07-15 . Singapore arrests cabinet minister in top-level corruption probe . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-07-17 . 0261-3077.
  27. Web site: Rebane . Michelle Toh,Juliana Liu,Teele . 2023-07-14 . Rare Singapore corruption probe widens to include Grand Prix owner CNN Business . 2023-07-17 . CNN . en.
  28. News: 2023-07-14 . Singapore's Widening Corruption Probe: What You Need to Know . en . Bloomberg.com . 2023-07-17.
  29. Web site: 2023-07-14 . Ong Beng Seng's 'buddy-buddy' ties with Singapore minister in spotlight amid probe . 2023-07-17 . South China Morning Post . en.
  30. News: Wong . Andrew . CPIB probe into Iswaran completed; findings before AGC: Chan Chun Sing . 18 January 2024 . . . 9 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118041604/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/cpib-probe-into-iswaran-completed-findings-before-agc-chan-chun-sing . 18 January 2024 . en . live.
  31. News: In full: Exchange of letters between PM Lee and S Iswaran as Transport Minister resigns amid charges . 18 January 2024 . . . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118040236/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/s-iswaran-resigns-pm-lee-hsien-loong-full-exchange-letters-corruption-charges-4056221 . 18 January 2024 . en.
  32. News: Lydia Lam . Louisa Tang . Iswaran charged with multiple offences including corruption, resigns as Transport Minister . 18 January 2024 . . . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118040748/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/iswaran-charged-corruption-transport-minister-resigns-4054406 . 18 January 2024 . en . live.
  33. News: Devaraj . Samuel . Alkhatib . Shaffiq . Former transport minister S. Iswaran faces 27 charges including corruption, says he is not guilty . 18 January 2024 . . . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118044844/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/former-transport-minister-s-iswaran-faces-27-charges-including-corruption-says-he-is-not-guilty . 18 January 2024 . en. live.
  34. News: Kelly Ng . Tessa Wong . Singapore minister Iswaran charged in rare corruption case . 18 January 2024 . . 18 January 2024 . en-SG.
  35. News: Chen . Heather . Singapore minister resigns after being charged with corruption in a first for the city state . 18 January 2024 . . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118051317/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/18/asia/singapore-first-minister-corruption-charges-intl-hnk/index.html . 18 January 2024 . en . live.
  36. News: Jie . Lim Hui . Singapore transport minister S Iswaran resigns; faces charges of corruption . 18 January 2024 . . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118051600/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/18/singapore-transport-minister-s-iswaran-charged-with-corruption.html . 18 January 2024 . en . live.
  37. News: Lim . Kimberly . Singapore minister S. Iswaran resigns after being charged with taking bribes . 18 January 2024 . . 18 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118051827/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3248848/singapore-transport-minister-s-iswaran-hit-27-charges-corruption-probe . 18 January 2024 . en.
  38. Web site: Iswaran resigns; Chee Hong Tat, Grace Fu take over his portfolios . www.businesstimes.com.sg . 18 January 2024 . 18 January 2024.
  39. Web site: Speaker Tan Chuan-Jin, MP Cheng Li Hui resign over 'propriety and personal conduct' . CNA . 17 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230717050859/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/tan-chuan-jin-mp-cheng-li-hui-resign-parliament-speaker-pap-pmo-3633646 . 17 July 2023 . en.
  40. Web site: PMO Statement by PM Lee Hsien Loong on Speaker Tan Chuan-Jin's resignation . Prime Minister's Office Singapore . 17 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230717055752/https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/Statement-by-PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-Speaker-Tan-Chuan-Jin-resignation . 17 July 2023 . en . 17 July 2023.
  41. Web site: PMO Statement by PM Lee Hsien Loong on MP Cheng Li Hui's resignation . Prime Minister's Office Singapore . 17 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230717055836/https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/Statement-by-PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-MP-Cheng-Li-Hui-resignation . 17 July 2023 . en . 17 July 2023.
  42. News: Rei . Kurohi . Workers' Party appoints new office bearers after Jan 5 CEC meeting . 25 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 6 January 2021.
  43. News: Tham . Yuen-C . Rei . Kurohi . WP returns leaders to posts, elects Sengkang MPs to CEC . 2 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 28 December 2020.
  44. Web site: 'I am not retiring from politics': Low Thia Khiang's exit video . mothership.sg . 10 March 2024 . en.
  45. Low Thia Khiang hopes he does not have to make a comeback . 2020-06-26 . CNA . 2024-06-19 . YouTube.
  46. Web site: Sylvia Lim, Pritam Singh re-elected as WP chair & secretary general, Png Eng Huat not in CEC . mothership.sg . 10 March 2024 . en.
  47. Web site: Pritam Singh, Sylvia Lim retain Workers' Party leadership posts, ex-MP Lee Li Lian returns .
  48. Web site: Correspondent . Tham Yuen-CSenior Political . WP leaders Pritam Singh, Sylvia Lim retain posts, former MP Lee Li Lian returns to CEC . The Straits Times . 6 July 2024 . en . 30 June 2024.
  49. Web site: Raeesah Khan resigns from WP, steps down as Sengkang MP (FULL STATEMENT) . Yahoo Singapore. 30 November 2021 . 30 November 2021.
  50. Web site: Baharudin . Hariz . Sengkang MP Raeesah Khan resigns from WP following probe over admission of lying in Parliament . The Straits Times . 30 November 2021 . 30 November 2021.
  51. Web site: Raeesah Khan resigns from The Workers' Party and as MP after admitting to lying in Parliament . CNA . 30 November 2021 . 30 November 2021.
  52. News: Tham . Yuen-C . Chua . Nadine . 2024-03-19 . WP chief Pritam Singh charged with lying to Parliament over Raeesah Khan's case, pleads not guilty . 2024-06-19 . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  53. Web site: AGC-SPF Joint Statement On Completion Of Investigations Into Conduct Before The Committee Of Privileges . 2024-06-19 . Singapore Police Force . en.
  54. Web site: WP's Leon Perera and Nicole Seah resign over affair: Watch live media conference. The Straits Times. 19 July 2023 . 19 July 2023.
  55. News: Iau . Jean . 2022-09-04 . WP disciplinary panel to look into Daniel Goh's Facebook posts on Raeesah Khan . en . The Straits Times . 2023-06-01 . 0585-3923.
  56. News: Iau . Jean . 2023-06-01 . Former WP NCMP Daniel Goh expelled from party, says his retirement from politics 'is complete' . en . The Straits Times . 2023-06-01 . 0585-3923.
  57. News: PSP's Leong Mun Wai and Hazel Poa step down from party positions to focus on NCMP duties. Koh . Fabian. The Straits Times. 20 July 2020. 8 January 2021.
  58. News: Progress Singapore Party restructures, with new youth, women's wings, and second-in-command. TODAY. 4 August 2020. 8 January 2021.
  59. Web site: PSP ramps up walkabouts in West Coast GRC after Iswaran's resignation; Tan Cheng Bock, 83, doesn't rule out standing in next GE . TODAY . 27 January 2024 . en.
  60. News: Zachariah . Natasha Ann . Iau . Jean . 2024-02-23 . PSP's Leong Mun Wai steps down as party sec-gen over recent Pofma order; Hazel Poa to take over . 2024-02-23 . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  61. News: Tan . Ashley . PSP's Tan Cheng Bock not retiring but 'repositioning', will run for next General Election . Mothership . 3 April 2021.
  62. News: Yuen . Sin . Francis Yuen is new PSP chief, taking over from founder Tan Cheng Bock . 1 April 2021 . The Straits Times . 1 April 2021.
  63. Web site: Progress Singapore Party chief Francis Yuen steps down in leadership shake-up . 2023-04-04 . CNA . en.
  64. Web site: Progress Singapore Party appoints Leong Mun Wai as new secretary-general . 2023-04-04 . CNA . en.
  65. Web site: Ang . Shermaine . Leong Mun Wai issued Pofma correction order for false post on West Coast couple not getting aid . The Straits Times . 23 February 2024 . en . 16 February 2024.
  66. News: Correspondent . Selina LumSenior Law . 2024-05-13 . Psychiatrist Ang Yong Guan found guilty of misconduct over prescriptions that deviated from guidelines . 2024-06-19 . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  67. News: Reform Party names Charles Yeo as acting chairman in leadership reshuffle. TODAY. 5 August 2020. 8 January 2021.
  68. News: Yuen . Sin. Former Reform Party chairman Andy Zhu and others form new political party, Singapore United Party. 5 January 2021. 8 January 2021.
  69. Web site: SPP accepts chairman's resignation, will remain in Potong Pasir for next polls. Anna Maria. Romero. 18 January 2021.
  70. Web site: Charles Yeo steps aside as Reform Party chairman, gives more details about how he was arrested . 2022-01-17 . mothership.sg . en.
  71. Web site: Abdullah . Zhaki . SDP conducts walkabouts on National Day, preparing for next GE . The Straits Times . 13 September 2023 . en . 9 August 2023.
  72. Web site: Correspondent . Goh Yan HanPolitical . Elections an open fight, says Ong Ye Kung in response to SDP's plans to contest Sembawang GRC . The Straits Times . 13 September 2023 . en . 13 August 2022.
  73. Web site: SDP sets sights on Sembawang for next general election . CNA . 13 September 2023 . en.
  74. Web site: ZachariahCorrespondent . Natasha Ann . Singapore Democratic Party moves headquarters west, outlines plans for 2024 . The Straits Times . 23 February 2024 . en . 11 November 2023.
  75. News: Former SDP chairman Ling How Doong, who was Bukit Gombak MP, dies at age 85 . The Straits Times . May 2021 . 13 September 2023.
  76. Web site: Correspondent . Chin Soo FangSenior . Former opposition politician Cheo Chai Chen dies at 73 . The Straits Times . 6 July 2024 . en . 5 June 2024.
  77. Web site: 4 opposition parties form alliance to contest in Singapore's next General Election. 1 June 2023.
  78. Web site: Iau . Jean . Four opposition parties form coalition ahead of next GE . The Straits Times . 5 November 2023 . en . 28 October 2023.
  79. Web site: Four Singapore opposition parties form 'The Coalition' partnership . Yahoo News . 5 November 2023 . en-SG . 28 October 2023.