Near passerine explained

Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to morphological and ecological similarities; the group corresponds to some extent with the Anomalogonatae of Alfred Henry Garrod.^[1]

Biology

All near passerines are land birds. However, molecular data does not support the traditional arrangement; it is now clear that "near passerines" and "higher landbirds" are not synonymous.

Per Ericson and colleagues, analyzing genomic DNA revealed a lineage comprising Passeriformes, Psittaciformes and Falconiformes.^[2]

Orders

Pterocliformes (sandgrouse), Columbiformes (pigeons), Cuculiformes (cuckoos), Caprimulgiformes (nightjars), and Apodiformes (swifts, hummingbirds) are no longer recognized as near passerines.^[3] The true near-passerine families are the Psittaciformes (parrots), the Falconiformes (falcons), and the Cariamiformes (seriemas).^[4] These three orders, together with the Passeriformes make up the Australaves. Sister to the Australaves are the Afroaves (see Telluraves).

The phylogenetic relationships between the orders are:^{[5] [6]}

See also

• List of birds

Further reading

• Johansson . Ulf S. . Ericson . Per G. P. . ampersand . June 2003 . Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960) . . 34 . 2): 185–197 . 185–197 . 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x . free.

Notes and References

1. Book: The Birds of North and Middle America: A Descriptive Catalog of the Higher Groups, Genera, Species, and Subspecies of Birds Known to Occur in North America, from the Arctic Lands to the Isthmus of Panama, the West Indies and Other Islands of the Caribbean Sea, and the Galapagos Archipelago. Ridgway. Robert. Friedmann. Herbert. 1911-01-01. U.S. Government Printing Office. 297. 9780598370709. en.
2. Ericson . P. G. P. . Anderson . C. L. . Britton . T.. Elzanowski . A. . Johansson . U. S. . Källersjö . M. . Ohlson . J. I. . Parsons . T. J. . Zuccon . D. . 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523 . Mayr . G. . Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils . Biology Letters . 2 . 4 . 543–547 . 2006 . 17148284. 1834003 .
3. Web site: Boyd. John H.. TiF Checklist: COLUMBEA: Mirandornithes, Columbimorphae. jboyd.net. 29 August 2017. en.
4. Web site: Boyd. John H.. TiF Checklist: BASAL AUSTRALAVES: Cariamiformes, Falconiformes & Psittaciformes. jboyd.net. 29 August 2017. en.
5. Hackett . S.J.. Kimball . R.T. . Reddy . S. . Bowie . R.C.K.. Braun . E.L.. Braun . M.J.. Chojnowski . J.L.. Cox . W.A. . Han . K-L. . Harshman . J. . Huddleston . C.J.. Marks . B.D.. Miglia . K.J.. Moore . W.S.. Sheldon . F.H.. Steadman . D.W.. Witt . C.C.. Yuri . T. . 2008 . A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history . . 320 . 5884 . 1763–1767 . 10.1126/science.1157704 . 18583609. 2008Sci...320.1763H. 6472805.
6. Kuhl . H. . Frankl-Vilches . C. . Bakker . A. . Mayr . G. . Nikolaus . G. . Boerno . S.T. . Klages . S. . Timmermann . B. . Gahr . M. . 2020 . An unbiased molecular approach using 3′-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 38 . msaa191 . 108–127 . 10.1093/molbev/msaa191 . 32781465 . 7783168 . free .