List of natural horror films explained

Natural horror is a subgenre of horror films that features natural forces,^[1] typically in the form of animals or plants, that pose a threat to human characters.

Though killer animals in film have existed since the release of The Lost World in 1925,^[2] two of the first motion pictures to garner mainstream success with a "nature run amok" premise were The Birds, directed by Alfred Hitchcock and released in 1963; and Jaws, directed by Steven Spielberg and released in 1975. Following Jaws, numerous horror films of a similar narrative were produced, including Grizzly (1976), Piranha (1978), and Alligator (1980).

Arthropods

See also the section on insects.

Arachnids

• Kingdom of the Spiders (1977; tarantulas)
• (1977; banana spiders)^[3]
• Arachnophobia (1990; spiders)^[4]
• Ticks (1993; giant ticks)^[5]
• Eight Legged Freaks (2002; giant spiders)^[6]
• Big Ass Spider! (2013; giant spider)^[7]
• Lavalantula (2015; giant lava-breathing tarantulas)^[8]

Crustaceans

• The Bay (2012; isopods)^[9]

Birds

• The Birds (1963; flocks of vicious gulls, crows, sparrows and other birds)^[10]
  • (1994)^[11]
• (1987)
• KAW (2007; ravens)^[12]
• (2010; mutated birds)^[13]
  • (2013; mutated birds)^[14]

Fish

Piranhas

• Piranha (1978; genetically enhanced piranhas)^[15]
  • (1982; mutant piranhas)^[16]
  • Piranha 3D (2010; prehistoric piranhas)^[17]
  • Piranha 3DD (2012; prehistoric piranhas)^[18]
• Piranha (1995; killer piranhas)^[19]

Sharks

• Jaws (1975; a large great white shark)^{[20] [21]}
  • Jaws 2 (1978; a great white shark)^[22]
  • Jaws 3 (1983; a great white shark)^[23]
• Up from the Depths (1979; a prehistoric shark)^[24]
• Great White (1981 a.k.a. L'ultimo squalo; a great white shark)^[25]
• Deep Blood (1989 a.k.a. Sangue negli abissi; a great white shark)^{[26] [27]}
• Cruel Jaws (1995, a great white shark) ^[28]
• Deep Blue Sea (1999; large genetically engineered shortfin mako sharks)^[29]
• Shark Attack (1999; great white shark) ^[30]
  • Shark Attack 2 (2000; great white shark) ^[31]
  • (2002, a Megalodon) ^[32]
• Megalodon (2004; a Megalodon) ^[33]
• Red Water (2003; a bull shark)^[34]
• Shark Zone (2003; great white sharks) ^[35]
• Open Water (2003, Caribbean reef sharks)^[36]
• Blue Demon (2004; a great white shark) ^[37]
• 12 Days of Terror (2004; great white shark) ^[38]
• Shark Swarm (2008; great white shark, mako shark, thresher shark) ^[39]
• Shark in Venice (2008; great white sharks) ^[40]
• Malibu Shark Attack (2009; goblin sharks) ^[41]
• The Reef (2010; a great white shark)^[42]
• Shark Night (2011; great white shark, hammerhead shark, cookie-cutter shark, sand tiger shark)^[43]
• Jurassic Shark (2012; a prehistoric great white shark) ^[44]
• Bait (2012; two great white sharks)^[45]
• 2-Headed Shark Attack (2012; a mutated great white shark) ^[46]
• Sharknado (2013; swarms of various species of sharks emerging out tornadoes).^[47]
• (2019; cave-dwelling great white sharks)^[48]
• Great White (2021; two great white sharks)^[49]
• The Requin (2022; a great white shark)^[50]

Insects

Ants

• The Naked Jungle (1954; army ants)
• Them! (1954; giant mutated ants)
• Phase IV (1974; super-intelligent ants of various species)
• Empire of the Ants (1977; large mutated ants)^[51]
• It Happened at Lakewood Manor (1977)^[52]

Honey bees

• The Deadly Bees (1966)^[53]
• Killer Bees (1974)^[54]
• The Savage Bees (1976)^[55]
• The Bees (1978)^[56]
• The Swarm (1978)
• (1995)^[57]

Cockroaches

• Creepshow (1982, killer cockroaches)^[58]
• Mimic (1997, evolved human-sized genetically engineered cockroaches)^[59]

Locusts

• (2005)^[60]

Wasps

• Stung (2015; large mutated wasps)^[61]

Mammals

Bats

• The Devil Bat (1940; mutant bats)^[62]
• Nightwing (1979; vampire bats)
• Bats (1999; genetically altered bats)^[63]

Bears

• Grizzly (1976; a grizzly bear)
• Prophecy (1979; a mutant bear)
• Grizzly Rage (2007; a grizzly bear)
• Grizzly Park (2008; a grizzly bear) ^[64]
• Bear (2010; A grizzly bear) ^[65]
• Backcountry (2014, a black bear) ^[66]
• Into the Grizzly Maze (2015; a grizzly bear)^[67]
• Cocaine Bear (2023, a black bear) ^[68]

Canines

• Dogs (1976; domestic dogs turned into killers)^[69]
• The Pack (1977; feral dogs)
• Cujo (1983; a Saint Bernard infected with rabies)^[70]
• The Breed (2006; mutated feral dogs)^[71]
• Frozen (2010; gray wolves)
• The Grey (2011; gray wolves)
• The Pack (2015; feral dogs)^[72]

Dolphins

• Orca (1977; a killer whale)

Felines

• Black Zoo (1963; lions and tigers)
• Maneater (2007; a Bengal tiger)
• Burning Bright (2010, a tiger)^[73]

Pigs

• Pigs (1973)^[74]
• Razorback (1984; a huge wild boar)^[75]
• Pig Hunt (2008; a boar)^[76]

Primates

• Blood Monkey (2007)^[77]
• Shakma (1990)^[78]
• Monkey Shines (1988)^[79]

Rats

• Willard (1971)^[80]
• Ben (1972)^[81]
• Deadly Eyes (1982; a.k.a. The Rats)^[82]
• Graveyard Shift (1990)^[83]
• Willard (2003)^[84]

Others

• Night of the Lepus (1972; giant rabbits)^[85]
• Black Sheep (2006; genetically engineered killer sheep)

Mollusks

Gastropods

• Slugs (1988; abnormally large killer black slugs)^[86]

Octopuses and squids

• Bride of the Monster (1955; a killer octopus)^{[87] [88]}
• Tentacles (1977; a giant octopus)
• Octopus (2000, a giant octopus)^{[89] [90] [91]}

Reptiles

Alligators and crocodiles

• The Great Alligator River (1979; an alligator god)^[92]
• Alligator (1980; an abnormally large American alligator)
  • (1991; a mutant alligator)
• Dark Age (1986; a monstrous crocodile god called Numunwari)^[93]
• Killer Crocodile (1989, mutated large crocodile)^[94]
• Lake Placid (1999; an abnormally large saltwater crocodile)^[95]
  • Lake Placid 2 (2007)^[96]
  • Lake Placid 3 (2010)^[97]
  • (2012)^[98]
• Crocodile (2000; an abnormally large Nile crocodile)^[99]
• Blood Surf (2001; a monstrous giant crocodile)^[100]
• Black Water (2007; a saltwater crocodile)^[101]
• Croc (2007; a saltwater crocodile)
• Primeval (2007; Gustave)^[102]
• Rogue (2007; a giant saltwater crocodile)^[103]
• Crawl (2019; several American alligators)^[104]

Snakes

• Rattlers (1976)^[105]
• Anaconda (1997)^[106]
  • (2004)^[107]
  • (2008)^[108]
  • (2009)^[109]
• King Cobra (1999)^[110]
• Silent Predators (1999; rattlesnakes)
• Snakes on a Plane (2006)^[111]
• Mega Snake (2007)^[112]

Plants

• Little Shop of Horrors (1960; mutant Venus flytrap)^[113]
• The Day of the Triffids (1962; man-eating plants)
• Attack of the Killer Tomatoes (1978; killer tomatoes)
• The Ruins (2008; vines)^[114]

Worms

• Attack of the Giant Leeches (1959, giant leeches)^[115]
• Squirm (1976, bloodworms and sandworms)
• Blood Beach (1982; a giant worm)

Miscellaneous

• Godzilla (1954; a giant irradiated Godzillasaurus)^[116]
• Frogs (1972; various species of animals)^[117]
• The Food of the Gods (1976; various species of animals)^[118]
• Day of the Animals (1977; various species of animals)^[119]

See also

• List of disaster films
• List of eco-horror films
• List of films featuring giant monsters

External links

• List of natural horror titles in the Internet Movie Database

Notes and References

1. News: Puckett . Terek . 27 October 2013 . Revolt of Nature Horror Films: The Must-Sees . PopOptiq . 1 September 2016 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118123111/https://www.popoptiq.com/revolt-of-nature-horror-films-the-must-sees-2/ . live .
2. Web site: The Lost World (1925). The Public Domain Review. Internet Archive. 10 September 2016. 23 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191223184128/https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-lost-world-1925/. live.
3. Book: Gambin, Lee . Are You In The House Alone? A TV Movie Compendium 1964-1999 . Headpress . 9781909394445 . Reyes . Amanda . BLESS THE BEASTS & THE NETWORKS: ECO-HORROR HITS THE SMALL SCREEN. 11 May 2024 .
4. Web site: Arachnophobia (1990) . . 11 February 2020 . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103914/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/arachnophobia-am17914 . dead .
5. Web site: Ticks (1993) . . 16 January 2020 . 18 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220418062742/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/ticks-v122036 . dead .
6. Web site: Eight Legged Freaks (2002) . . 16 October 2018 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510113050/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/eight-legged-freaks-v260297 . dead .
7. News: Ann . Melissa . 17 March 2016 . Man vs Nature: 10 Crazy Natural Horror Films . PopHorror . 27 August 2016 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118123221/http://www.pophorror.com/man-vs-nature-10-crazy-natural-horror-films/ . live .
8. Web site: Lavalantula (2015) . . 18 April 2020 . 2 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220602030621/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/lavalantula-v639348 . dead .
9. Web site: The Bay (2012) . . 28 December 2021 . 17 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220417112738/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-bay-v537905 . dead .
10. News: Hickman . Matt . 28 October 2014 . 12 horror films that reveal Mother Nature's evil side . Mother Nature Network . 25 August 2016 . 27 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220327112349/https://www.treehugger.com/horror-films-that-reveal-mother-natures-evil-side-4863360 . live .
11. Web site: The Birds II: Land's End (1994) . . 16 January 2020 . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103915/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-birds-ii-lands-end-am5111 . dead .
12. Web site: Kaw (2007) . . 16 January 2020 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124629/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/kaw-v399424 . dead .
13. Web site: Birdemic: Shock and Terror (2008) . . 29 December 2019 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118130200/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/birdemic-shock-and-terror-v491901 . dead .
14. Web site: Birdemic 2: The Resurrection (2013) . . 29 December 2019 . 29 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191229115952/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/birdemic-2-the-resurrection-v579536 . dead .
15. Web site: Piranha (1978) . . 29 December 2019 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118123105/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/piranha-v38218 . dead .
16. Web site: Piranha II: The Spawning (1982) . . 11 August 2021 . 28 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220328124310/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/piranha-ii-the-spawning-v106148 . dead .
17. Web site: Piranha (2010) . . 29 December 2019 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124636/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/piranha-v392043 . dead .
18. Web site: Piranha 3DD (2012) . . 29 December 2019 . 18 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220418062744/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/piranha-3dd-v530954 . dead .
19. Web site: Piranha (1995) . . 11 August 2021 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118123102/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/piranha-v152324 . dead .
20. Web site: Jaws (1975) . . 17 May 2021 . 9 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220609222404/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jaws-v25912 . dead .
21. Book: Gregersdotter . Katarina . Höglund . Johan . Hållén . Nicklas . 22 February 2016 . Horror Cinema: Genre, History and Criticism . Palgrave Macmillan . 4–5 . 978-1137496386 . 30 November 2020 . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103915/https://books.google.com/books?id=hV-hCwAAQBAJ&q=horror&pg=PR4#v=snippet&q=horror&f=false . live .
22. Web site: Jaws 2 (1978) . . 17 May 2021 . 14 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220514120613/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jaws-2-v25913 . dead .
23. Web site: Jaws 3 (1983) . . 17 May 2021 . 13 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210213015333/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jaws-3-v25914 . dead .
24. Web site: Up from the Depths (1979) . . 11 March 2024 . 11 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240311182040/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/up-from-the-depths-vm455443 . dead .
25. Web site: Great White (1981) . . 11 August 2021 . 11 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135557/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/great-white-v150144 . dead .
26. Web site: Deep Blood (1989) . . 17 May 2021 . 17 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210517092115/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/deep-blood-v312947 . dead .
27. Palmerini, Luca M.; Mistretta, Gaetano (1996). Spaghetti Nightmares: Italian Fantasy-horrors as Seen Through the Eyes of Their Protagonists. Fantasma Books. .
28. Web site: Cruel Jaws. 2023-10-12. 2023-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20231007142359/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/cruel-jaws-vm259187. dead.
29. Web site: Deep Blue Sea (1999) . . 17 May 2021 . 5 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220405045742/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/deep-blue-sea-v180253 . dead .
30. Web site: Shark Attack. 2023-10-12. 2023-06-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20230616100839/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-attack-vm1093248. dead.
31. Web site: Shark Attack 2. 2023-10-12. 2024-06-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103915/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-attack-2-am15076. dead.
32. Web site: Shark Attack 3. 2023-10-12. 2024-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20240303163855/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-attack-3-megalodon-vm1538025. dead.
33. Web site: Megalodon. 2023-10-12. 2024-06-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103919/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/megalodon-am31206. dead.
34. Web site: Red Water (2003) . . 17 May 2021 . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210428021614/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/red-water-v292224 . dead .
35. Web site: Shark Zone. 2023-10-12. 2024-01-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110014950/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-zone-vm11823557. dead.
36. Web site: Open Water (2003) . . 17 May 2021 . 18 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220418062748/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/open-water-v301382 . dead .
37. Web site: Blue Demon. 2023-10-12. 2024-06-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103919/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/blue-demon-am6162. dead.
38. Web site: 12 Days Of Terror. 2023-10-12. 2023-11-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20231104165839/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/12-days-of-terror-vm11997770. dead.
39. Web site: Shark Swarm. 2023-10-12. 2023-11-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20231124044128/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-swarm-vm2312920. dead.
40. Web site: Shark In Venice. 2023-10-12. 2024-06-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20240611103920/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-in-venice-am47916. dead.
41. Web site: Malibu Shark Attack. 2023-10-12. 2024-01-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20240113093842/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/malibu-shark-attack-vm2497518. dead.
42. Web site: The Reef (2010) . . 17 May 2021 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124630/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-reef-v528122 . dead .
43. Web site: Shark Night (2011) . . 17 May 2021 . 28 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210628150453/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shark-night-v524608 . dead .
44. Web site: Jurassic Shark. 2023-10-12. 2023-05-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20230516175618/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/jurassic-shark-vm67039123. dead.
45. Web site: Bait (2011) . . 17 May 2021 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124627/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/bait-v567956 . dead .
46. Web site: 2-Headed Shark Attack. 2023-10-12. 2023-11-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20231127085552/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/2-headed-shark-attack-vm19883109. dead.
47. Web site: Sharknado (2013) . . 17 May 2021 . 25 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220425011427/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/sharknado-v583728 . dead .
48. Web site: 47 Meters Down: Uncaged (2019) . . en-us . 15 October 2020 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118123115/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/47-meters-down-uncaged-v713436 . dead .
49. Web site: Great White (2021) . . 11 August 2021 . 11 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210811135554/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/great-white-v726860 . dead .
50. Web site: The Requin (2022) . . 20 February 2022 . 20 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220220072133/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-requin-v730048 . dead .
51. Web site: Empire of the Ants (1977) . . 29 December 2019 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124734/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/empire-of-the-ants-v15754 . dead .
52. Web site: It Happened at Lakewood Manor (1977) . . 9 January 2020 . 15 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191115051912/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/it-happened-at-lakewood-manor-v132755 . dead .
53. Web site: The Deadly Bees (1967) . . 29 December 2019 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118130157/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-deadly-bees-v124872 . dead .
54. Web site: Killer Bees (1974) . . 29 December 2019 . 8 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191008211459/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/killer-bees-v126749 . dead .
55. Web site: The Savage Bees (1976) . . 29 June 2022 . 29 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220629184016/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-savage-bees-v42980 . dead .
56. Web site: The Bees (1978) . . 9 January 2020 . 1 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190401151649/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-bees-v4587 . dead .
57. Web site: Deadly Invasion: The Killer Bee Nightmare (1995) . . 19 October 2018 . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611104426/https://www.allmovie.com/search/movies/deadly-in . dead .
58. Web site: Creepshow (1982) . . 25 October 2021 . 16 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516173057/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/creepshow-v11494 . dead .
59. Web site: Mimic (1997) . . 23 January 2019 . 19 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220419031922/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/mimic-v158615 . dead .
60. Web site: Locusts: The 8th Plague (2005) . . 22 September 2020 . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611104427/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/locusts-the-8th-plague-am50570 . dead .
61. Web site: Stung (2015) . . 16 January 2020 . 12 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191112025244/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/stung-v630650 . dead .
62. Web site: The Devil Bat (1940) . . 29 December 2019 . 25 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201025105812/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-devil-bat-v13493 . dead .
63. Web site: Bats (1999) . . 19 October 2018 . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611104428/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/bats-am4500 . dead .
64. Web site: Grizzly Park. 2023-10-12. 2024-06-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20240611104428/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/grizzly-park-am36917. dead.
65. Web site: Bear. 2023-10-12. 2023-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20230928022439/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/bear-vm13944887. dead.
66. Web site: Backcountry (2014) . . 30 August 2022 . 30 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220830144403/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/backcountry-v615533 . dead .
67. Web site: Into the Grizzly Maze (2015) . . 29 December 2019 . 23 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190323232846/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/into-the-grizzly-maze-v556214 . dead .
68. News: 'Cocaine Bear' and the Wild, Ridiculous History of Horror-Movie Beasts . The Daily Beast . 3 March 2023 . 24 September 2023 . Bradley . Laura . 12 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231012182732/https://www.thedailybeast.com/obsessed/cocaine-bear-and-the-wild-ridiculous-history-of-horror-movie-beasts . live .
69. Web site: Dogs (1976) . . 6 November 2018 . 6 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171722/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/dogs-v14206 . dead .
70. Web site: Cujo (1983) . . 29 December 2019 . 16 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516173052/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/cujo-v11741 . dead .
71. Web site: The Breed (2006) . . 29 December 2019 . 11 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200611040014/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-breed-v326903 . dead .
72. Web site: The Pack (2015) . . 29 December 2019 . 29 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191229115710/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-pack-v625301 . dead .
73. Web site: Burning Bright (2009) . . 28 October 2019 . 12 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512072010/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/burning-bright-v491615 . dead .
74. Web site: Pigs (1973). Allmovie. en. 2 October 2021. 2 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211002004205/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/pigs-v38124. dead.
75. Web site: Razorback (1984). 21 January 2019. AllMovie. 18 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124625/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/razorback-v40415. dead.
76. Web site: Pig Hunt (2008). Allmovie. en. 2 October 2021. 2 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211002004155/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/pig-hunt-v465930. dead.
77. Web site: Blood Monkey (2007) . . 28 October 2019 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118130202/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/blood-monkey-v413014 . dead .
78. Web site: Shakma (1990) . . 15 February 2023 . 15 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230215225302/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/shakma-v44058 . dead .
79. Web site: Monkey Shines (1988) . . 8 May 2020 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118124616/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/monkey-shines-v33131 . dead .
80. Web site: Willard . . 6 June 2020 . 8 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508153414/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/willard-v54664 . dead .
81. Web site: Ben . . 6 June 2020 . 4 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200804201503/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/ben-v4790 . dead .
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