National pavilions at the Venice Biennale explained

The national pavilions host each participant nation's official representation during the Venice Biennale, an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Some countries own pavilion buildings in the Giardini della Biennale while others rent buildings throughout the city, but each country controls its own selection process and production costs.

Background

The Venice Biennale is an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Often described as "the Olympics of the art world", participation in the Biennale is a prestigious event for contemporary artists. The festival has become a constellation of shows: a central exhibition curated by that year's artistic director, national pavilions hosted by individual nations, and independent exhibitions throughout Venice. The Biennale parent organization also hosts regular festivals in other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater.

Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city.

Giardini national pavilions

Nation	Location	data-sort-type="number"	First exhibition	data-sort-type="number"	Year of construction	-		Throughout city		—-->
	Giardini		1934
	Giardini		(1988) 2015
	Giardini		1907
	Giardini		1964
	Giardini		1957
Central Pavilion	Giardini		1895
	Giardini		1926
	Giardini		1932
	Giardini		1932
	Giardini		1956
	Giardini		1912
	Giardini		(1909) 1938
	Giardini		1909
	Giardini		1934
	Giardini		1909
	Giardini		1952
	Giardini		1956
	Giardini		(1912) 1953
Nordic countries (Sweden/Norway/Finland)	Giardini		1962
	Giardini		1932
	Giardini		1932
	Giardini		1914
	Giardini		1932–38
	Giardini		1995
	Giardini		1922
	Giardini		1952
	Giardini		1930
	Giardini		1962
	Giardini		1956
Venice	Giardini		1932

Pavilions outside Giardini

Albania

List of exhibitors in the Albanian Pavilion:

• 1999 — Alban Hajdinaj, Besnik & Flutura Haxhillari, Edi Hila, Lala Meredith-Vula, Gazmend Muka, Adrian Paci, Edi Rama, Anri Sala, Astrit Vatnikaj, Sislej Xhafa. (Curator: Edi Muka)
• 2005 — Sislej Xhafa. (Commissioner and Curator: Andi Tepelena and Cecilia Tirelli)
• 2007 — Helidon Gjergji, Genti Gjokola, Alban Hajdinaj, Armando Lulaj, Heldi Pema. (Commissioner: Rubens Shima. Curator: Bonnie Clearwater)
• 2009 — Anila Rubiku, Orion Shima, Gentian Shkurti, Eltjon Valle, Driant Zeneli. (Commissioner: Parid Tefereçi. Curator: Riccardo Caldura)
• 2015 — Armando Lulaj. (Curator: Marco Scotini)
• 2017 — Leonard Qylafi. (Curator: Vanessa Joan Müller)
• 2024 — Iva Lulashi (Curator:Antonio Grulli)^[1]

Andorra

List of exhibitors in the Albanian Pavilion:

• 2011 - Helena Guàrdia, Francisco Sánchez^[2]
• 2013 - Javier Balmaseda, Samantha Bosque and Fiona Morrisson^[3]
• 2015 - Agustí Roqué, Joan Xandri^{[4] [5]}
• 2017 - Eve Ariza^[6]

Argentina

In 1901, Argentina was the first Latin American nation to participate in the Biennale. In 2011, it was granted a pavilion in the Sale d'Armi, which it will restore.^[7]

List of exhibitors in the Argentine Pavilion:

• 1903 — Pío Collivadino
• 1905 — Pío Collivadino
• 1907 — Pío Collivadino
• 1954 — Lucio Fontana
• 1956 — Sarah Grilo
• 1958 — Lucio Fontana, Juan del Prete, Raquel Forner
• 1962 — Antonio Berni
• 1966 — Lucio Fontana, Julio Le Parc
• 1968 — Lucio Fontana, Nicolás García Uriburu
• 1970 — Luis Fernando Benedit
• 1972 — Lucio Fontana
• 1978 — Lucio Fontana
• 1980 — Sergio de Castro, Fabriciano
• 1982 — Marino di Teana
• 1984 — Antonio Seguí
• 1986 — Marta Minujin
• 1995 — Jorge Orta
• 1997 — Ana Eckell
• 1999 — Jaques Bedel, Luis Benedit, Oscar Bony
• 2001 — Leandro Erlich, Graciela Sacco (Curator: Irma Arestizábal)
• 2003 — Charly Nijensohn
• 2005 — Jorge Macchi, Edgardo Rudnitzky
• 2007 — Guillermo Kuitca, Jorge Macchi, Edgardo Rudnitzky (Commissioner: Adriana Rosenberg)
• 2009 — Luis Felipe Noé (Curator: Fabián Lebenglik)
• 2011 — Adrián Villar Rojas (Curator: Rodrigo Alonso)
• 2013 — Nicola Costantino (Curator: Fernando Farina)
• 2015 — Juan Carlos Distéfano (Curator: María Teresa Constantín)
• 2017 — Claudia Fontes (Curator: Christine Macel)
• 2019 — Mariana Telleria (Curator: Florencia Battini)^[8]

Benin

List of exhibitors in the Beninese Pavilion:

• 2024 – Ishola Akpo, Mofouli Bello, Romuald Hazoumé, Chloé Quenum (Curator: Azu Nwagbogu)^[9]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

List of exhibitors in the Bosnian Pavilion:

• 2003 — Maja Bajevic, Jusuf Hadžifejzovic, Edin Numankadic, Nebojša Šeric-Šoba
• 2013 — Mlаden Miljаnović
• 2017 — Radenko Milak (Curators : Christopher Yggdre, Sinziana Ravini, Fredrik Svensk, Anna van der Vliet) ^[10]
• 2019 — Danica Dakić (Curators: Anja Bogojević, Amila Puzić, Claudia Zini)

Central Asia

The first Central Asian Pavilion was an initiative of Victor Miziano in 2005. The second pavilion was organized by Yulia Sorokina (Almaty) and the third by Beral Madra (Istanbul). Each of these was different in format and approach. The first one – Art from Central Asia. A Contemporary Archive – aimed at placing Central Asia on the 'map' of international art. Along the works of invited artists, there were many video compilations of films, performance and happenings presented by Central Asian artists from the end of the 1990s and beginning of 2000.

List of exhibitors in the Central Asia Pavilion:

• 2005 — Said Atabekov, Vyacheslav Akhunov & Sergey Tychina, Maksim Boronilov & Roman Maskalev, Elena Vorobyeva & Viktor Vorobyev, Kasmalieva & Djumaliev, Sergey Maslov, Almagul Menlibaeva, Erbossyn Meldibekov, Alexander Nikolaev, Rustam Khalfin & Yulia Tikhonova (Curators: Viktor Misiano, Commissioner: Churek Djamgerchinova)
• 2007 — Roman Maskalev, Almagul Menlibaeva & German Popov, Gulnur Mukazhanova, Alexander Nikolaev, Aleksey Rumyantsev, Alexander Ugay, Asia Animation, Said Atabekov, Vyacheslav Akhunov, Alla Girik & Oksana Shatalova, Digsys, Natalia Dyu, Zadarnovsky Brothers, Gaukhar Kiyekbayeva, Vyacheslav Useinov, Jamol Usmanov, Aytegin Muratbek Uulu, Jamshed Kholikov, ZITABL (Commissioner and curator: Yulia Sorokina)
• 2009 — Ermek Jaenish, Jamshed Kholikov, Anzor Salidjanov, Oksana Shatalova, Elena Vorobyeva & Viktor Vorobyev (Curator: Beral Madra, Commissioner: Vittorio Urbani)
• 2011 — Natalia Andrianova, Said Atabekov, Artyom Ernst, Galim Madanov and Zauresh Terekbay, Yerbossyn Meldibekov, Alexander Nikolaev, Marat Raiymkulov, Aleksey Rumyantsev and Alla Rumyantseva, Adis Seitaliev (Curators: Boris Chukhovich, Georgy Mamedov, Oksana Shatalova, Commissioners: Asel Akmatova, Andris Brinkmanis)

Chile

List of exhibitors in the Chilean Pavilion:

• 2009 — Iván Navarro (Curators: Antonio Arévalo, Justo Pastor Mellado)
• 2011 — Fernando Prats (Curator: Fernando Castro Flórez)
• 2013 — Alfredo Jaar (Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn)
• 2015 — Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld (Curator: Nelly Richard)
• 2017 — Bernardo Oyarzún (Curator: Ticio Escobar)
• 2024 – Valeria Montti (Curator: Andrea Pacheco)^[11]

Croatia

List of exhibitors in the Croatian Pavilion:^[12]

• 1993 — Milivoj Bijelić, Ivo Deković, and Željko Kipke
• 1995 — Martina Kramer, Goran Petercol, Mirko Zrinščak, Ivan Faktor, Nina Ivančić, Damir Sokić, Mladen Stilinović, Dean Jokanović Toumin, Goran Trbuljak, Gorki Žanić
• 1997 — Dalibor Martinis
• 1999 — Zlatan Vrkljan
• 2001 — Julije Knifer
• 2003 — Boris Cvjetanović and Ana Opalić
• 2007 — Ivana Franke (curator: Branko Franceschi, Željko Kipke)
• 2011 — Saša Begović, Marko Dabrović, Igor Franić, Tanja Grozdanić, Petar Mišković, Silvije Novak, Veljko Oluić, Helena Paver Njirić, Lea Pelivan, Toma Plejić, Goran Rako, Saša Randić, Turato Idis, Pero Vuković e Tonči Žarnić
• 2013 — Kata Mijatović (Curator: Branko Franceschi)
• 2015 — Damir Očko (Curator: Marc Bembekoff)
• 2017 — Tina Gverović, Marko Tadić (Curator: Branka Benčić)
• 2019 — Igor Grubić (Curator: Katerina Gregos)

Estonia

The expositions at the Estonian pavilion are regularly commissioned by the Estonian Centre for Contemporary Art.

List of exhibitors in the Estonian pavilion:

• 2003 — Kaido Ole
• 2005 — Mark Raidpere (Curator: Hanno Soans)
• 2007 — Marko Mäetamm (Curator: Mika Hannula)
• 2009 — Kristina Norman (Curator: Marko Laimre)
• 2011 — Liina Siib
• 2013 — Dénes Farkas
• 2015 — Jaanus Samma (Curator: Eugenio Viola)
• 2017 — Katja Novitskova (Curator: Kati Ilves)^[13]
• 2019 — Kris Lemsalu^[14]
• 2022 — Kristina Norman, Bita Razavi, Emilie Rosalie Saal (Curator: Corina L. Apostol)

Gabon

Gabon first participated in the Venice Biennale in 2009.

List of exhibitors in the Gabonese Pavilion:

• 2009 — Owanto (Curator: Fernando Frances)

Georgia

List of exhibitors in the Georgian Pavilion:

• 2009 — Koka Ramishvili (Curator: Khatuna Khabuliani)
• 2013 — Bouillon Group, Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze (Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, curator: Joanna Warsza)
• 2015 — Rusudan Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia, Ia Liparteliani, Nia Mgaloblishvili, Sophio Shevardnadze (Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili)
• 2017 — Vajiko Chachkhiani (Curator: Julian Heynen)
• 2019 — Anna K.E. (Curator: Margot Norton)^[15]

Ghana

In 2019, Ghana will officially participate in the Venice Biennale for the first time.^[16]

List of exhibitors in the Ghanaian Pavilion:

• 2019 — El Anatsui, Ibrahim Mahama, Felicia Abban, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, John Akomfrah, Selasi Awusi Sosu (Curator: Nana Oforiatta Ayim^[16])

Grenada

In 2017, Grenada participated in the Venice Biennale at an exclusive space in Zattere, Dorsoduro, all allocated for the exhibition entitled The Bridge, where international artists from nations with sea outlets explored the collective idea of "own identity".

• 2017 — Alexandre Murucci, Khaled Hafez, Jason de Caires Taylor, Asher Mains, Milton Williams, Rashid Al Kahlifa, Zena Assi and Mahmoud Obaidi (Curator: Omar Donia)

Hong Kong

List of exhibitors in the Hong Kong Pavilion:

• 2009 — Pak Sheung Chuen (Curator: Tobias Berger)
• 2011 — Kwok Mang Ho (known as Frog King)
• 2013 — Lee Kit (Curators: Lars Nittve, Yung Ma)
• 2015 — Tsang Kin-wah (Curators: Doryun Chong, Stella Fong)^[17]
• 2017 — Samson Young (Curator: Ying Kwok)^[18]
• 2019 — Shirley Tse (Curator: Christina Li)^[19]
• 2022 — Angela Su (Curator: Freya Chou)^[20]

Holy See

• 2013 — Studio Azzurro, Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka
• 2015 — Monika Bravo, Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva, Mário Macilau (Curator: Micol Forti)

Iceland

In 1984, as Finland had joined Norway and Sweden in the Nordic Pavilion, Iceland was given the opportunity to rent the Finnish pavilion until 2006. The Icelandic Art Center commissions the Icelandic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale.^[21]

List of exhibitors in the Icelandish Pavilion:^[22]

• 1960 — Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval, Ásmundur Sveinsson
  • 1972 — Svavar Guðnason, Þorvaldur Skúlason 1980 — Magnús Pálsson
• 1982 — Jón Gunnar Árnason, Kristján Guðmundsson
• 1984 — Kristján Davidsson
• 1986 — Erró
• 1988 — Gunnar Örn
• 1990 — Helgi Þorgils Friðjónsson
• 1995 — Birgir Andrésson
• 1997 — Steina Vasulka^[23]
• 1999 — Sigurður Árni Sigurðsson
• 2001 — Finnbogi Pétursson
• 2003 — Rúrí
• 2005 — Gabríela Friðriksdóttir
• 2007 — Steingrímur Eyfjörð (Curator: Hanna Styrmisdóttir)
• 2009 — Ragnar Kjartansson (Curators: Markús Thór Andrésson, Dorothée Kirch)
• 2011 — Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson (Curator: Ellen Blumenstein)
• 2013 — Katrín Sigurðardóttir (Curators: Mary Ceruti, Ilaria Bonacossa)
• 2015 — Christoph Büchel (Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir)
• 2017 — Egill Sæbjörnsson (Curator: Stefanie Böttcher)
• 2019 – Shoplifter - born Hrafnhildur Arnardóttir (Curator: Birta Gudjónsdóttir)^[24]

India

In 2011, India was represented for the first time after 116 years, with the support of the culture ministry and the organizational participation of the Lalit Kala Akademi.^[25] Biennale organizers had reportedly invited the country in past years, but the government had declined, a decision attributed to a lack of communication between the culture ministry and the country's National Gallery of Modern Art.^[25]

• 2011 – Mriganka Madhukaliya, Sonal Jain, Zarina Hashmi, Gigi Scaria, Praneet Soi (Curator: Ranjit Hoskote)
• 2015 – Shilpa Gupta, Rashid Rana (Exhibition jointly held with Pakistan)
• 2019 – Nandalal Bose, Atul Dodiya, Rummana Hussain, GR Iranna, Jitish Kallat, Shakuntala Kulkarni, Ashim Purkayastha^[26]

Indonesia

List of exhibitors in the Indonesian Pavilion:

• 2003 – Arahmaiani, Dadang Christanto, Tisna Sanjaya, Made Wianta (Curator: Amir Sidharta)
• 2005 – Krisna Murti, Noor Ibrahim, Entang Wiharso, and Yani Mariani Sastranegara (Curator: Dwi Marianto)
• 2013 – Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Sri Astari, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, and Titarubi (Curators: Carla Bianpoen and Rifky Effendy)
• 2015 – Heri Dono (Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum, and Asmudjo Jono Irianto)
• 2017 – Tintin Wulia (Curator: Agung Hujatnikajennong)
• 2019 – Handiwirman Saputra and Syagini Ratna Wulan (Curator: Asmudjo Jono Irianto)

Iran

• 1958 - Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian^[27]
• 2003 - Behrouz Daresh, Hossein KhoroJerdi, and Ahmad Nadalian^[28]
• 2015 - Furat al Jamil (b. 1965), Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Shadi Ghadirian, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Farideh Lashai, Farokh Mahdavi, Ahmad Morshedloo, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, Atefeh Samaei, T. V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
• 2017 - Bizhan Bassiri^[29]
• 2019 - Samira Alikhanza, Ali Mir-Azimi, and Reza Lavasani ^[30]

Iraq

In 2011, Iraq returned to the Biennale for the first time after a 35-year absence. The title of the Iraq Pavilion was "Acqua Ferita" (translated as "Wounded Water"). Six Iraqi artists from two generations interpreted the theme of water in their works, which made up the exhibition.

List of exhibitors in the Iraqi Pavilion:

• 1976 — Saadi Al Kaabi,^[31] Dia al-Azzawi^[32]
• 2011 — Adel Abidin, Halim Al Karim, Ahmed Alsoudani, Ali Assaf, Azad Nanakeli, Walid Siti.
• 2013 — 'Welcome to Iraq', curated by Jonathan Watkins, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artists: Abdul Raheem Yassir (b. 1951), Akeel Khreef (b. 1979), Ali Samiaa (b. 1980), Bassim Al-Shaker (b. 1986), Cheeman Ismaeel (b. 1966), Furat al Jamil (b. 1965), Hareth Alhomaam (b. 1987), Jamal Penjweny (b. 1981), Kadhim Nwir (b. 1967), Yaseen Wami (b. 1973), Hashim Taeeh.^[33]
• 2015 — 'Invisible Beauty', curated by Philippe Van Cauteren, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artists: Latif Al Ani, Akam Shex Hadi, Rabab Ghazoul, Salam Atta Sabri and Haider Jabbar.^[34]
• 2017 — 'Archaic', curated by Tamara Chalabi and Paolo Colombo, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artists: Sherko Abbas, Sadik Kwaish Alfraji, Francis Alÿs, Ali Arkady, Luary Fadhil, Shakir Hassan Al Said, Nadine Hattom, Jawad Saleem, Sakar Sleman^{[35] [36]}
• 2019 — 'Fatherland: Serwan Baran', curated by Tamara Chalabi and Paolo Colombo, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artist: Serwan Baran (b. 1968).^{[37] [38]}

Ireland

List of exhibitors in the Irish Pavilion:

• 1950 — Norah McGuinness, Nano Reid
• 1956 — Louis le Brocquy, Hilary Heron
• 1960 — Patrick Scott
• 1993 — Dorothy Cross, Willie Doherty
• 1995 — Kathy Prendergast^[39]
• 1997 — Jaki Irvine, Alastair MacLennan^[23]
• 1999 — Anne Tallentire
• 2001 — Siobhan Hapaska, Grace Weir
• 2003 — Katie Holten (Commissioner: Valerie Connor)
• 2005 — Stephen Brandes, Mark Garry, Ronan McCrea, Isabel Nolan, Sarah Pierce, Walker and Walker (Commissioner: Sarah Glennie)
• 2007 — Gerard Byrne (Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick)
• 2009 — Sarah Browne, Gareth Kennedy, Kennedy Browne
• 2011 — Corban Walker (Commissioner: Emily-Jane Kirwan)
• 2013 — Richard Mosse (Commissioner: Anna O'Sullivan)
• 2015 — Sean Lynch, The Rubberbandits (Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick; curator: Woodrow Kernohan)^{[40] [41]}
• 2017 — Jesse Jones, Olwen Fouéré (Curator: Tessa Giblin)
• 2019 — Eva Rothschild (Curator: Mary Cremin)
• 2022 — Niamh O'Malley (Curator: Temple Bar Gallery & Studios)^[42]

Italy

"Palazzo Pro Arte": Enrico Trevisanato, façade by Marius De Maria and Bartholomeo Bezzi, 1895; new façade by Guido Cirilli, 1914; "Padiglione Italia", present façade by Duilio Torres, 1932. The pavilion has a sculpture garden by Carlo Scarpa, 1952 and the "Auditorium Pastor" by Valeriano Pastor, 1977.

Partial list of exhibitors at the Italian Pavilion:

• 1895 — Giuseppe Ferrari
• 1905 — Giuseppe Ferrari
• 1912 — Aldo Carpi
• 1922 — Giuseppe Ferrari (posthumus)
• 1934 — Aldo Carpi, Carlo Martini
• 1936 — Aldo Carpi, Carlo Martini, Quinto Martini
• 1942 — Aldo Carpi, Trento Longaretti
• 1948 — Aldo Carpi, Trento Longaretti, Carlo Martini
• 1950 — Aldo Carpi, Trento Longaretti, Carlo Martini
• 1966 — Ferruccio Bortoluzzi, Trento Longaretti
• 1968 — Valerio Adami, Rodolfo Aricò, Gianni Bertini, Arturo Bonfanti, Gianni Colombo, Mario Deluigi, Gianfranco Ferroni, Luciano Gaspari,  Lorenzo Guerrini, Giovanni Korompay, Leoncillo Leonardi, Carlo Mattioli, Livio Marzot, Mirko, Marcello Morandini, Mario Nigro, Gino Morandis, Pino Pascali, Gastone Novelli, Achille Perilli, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Tancredi, Guido Strazza, Giacomo Porzano^[43]
• 1984 — Roberto Barni, Alberto Burri, Enrico Castellani, Mario Ceroli, Sandro Chia, Giorgio de Chirico, Luciano Fabro, Tano Festa, Carlo Maria Mariani, Gino Marotta, Titina Maselli, Luigi Ontani, Giulio Paolini, Claudio Parmiggiani, Vettor Pisani, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Giò Pomodoro, Mario Schifano, Toti Scialoja, Massimo Scolari, Giuseppe Uncini, Luigi Nono (Curator: Maurizio Calvesi)
• 1986 — Getulio Alviani, Giovanni Anselmo, Marco Bagnoli, Toni Benetton, Alighiero Boetti, Paolo Borghi, Francesco Borromini, Nicola Carrino, Claudio Costa, Sergio Dangelo, Giorgio de Chirico, Luciano Fabro, Piero Fogliati, Lucio Fontana, Alberto Giacometti, Piero Manzoni, Fausto Melotti, Mario Merz, Maurizio Mochetti, Luigi Ontani, Mimmo Paladino, Giulio Paolini, Claudio Parmiggiani, Pino Pascali, Luca Patella, Giuseppe Penone, Attilio Pierelli, Vettor Pisani, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Fabrizio Plessi, Enrico Prampolini, Alberto Savinio, Paolo Tessari, Emilio Vedova, Gilberto Zorio (Curator: Maurizio Calvesi)
• 1988 — Carla Accardi, Roberto Barni, Alberto Burri, Andrea Cascella, Antonio Catelani, Mario Ceroli, Sandro Chia, Eduardo Chillida, Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi, Daniela De Lorenzo, Piero Dorazio, Carlo Guaita, Felice Levini, Eliseo Mattiacci, Marisa Merz, Maurizio Mochetti, Ennio Morlotti, Mimmo Paladino, Maurizio Pellegrin, Alfredo Pirri, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Giò Pomodoro, Renato Ranaldi, Giuseppe Santomaso, Susana Solano, Alberto Viani (Curator: Giovanni Carandente)
• 1990 — Davide Benati, Gino De Dominicis, Nicola De Maria, Luigi Mainolfi, Giuseppe Maraniello, Carlo Maria Mariani, Claudio Olivieri (Curators: Laura Cherubini, Flaminio Gualdoni, Lea Vergine)
• 1993 — Francesco Clemente, Luciano Fabbro, Sergio Fermariello, Emilio Isgrò, Fabio Mauri, Eugenio Miccini, Hidetoshi Nagasawa, Luisa Protti, Sergio Sarra, Franco Vaccari (Curator: Achille Bonito Oliva)
• 1995 — Lorenzo Bonechi, Ida Cadorin Barbarigo, Roberto Capucci, Francesco Clemente, Amalia Del Ponte, Stefano Di Stasio, Paolo Gallerani, Paola Gandolfi, Nunzio, Luigi Ontani, Claudio Parmiggiani, Gianni Pisani, Pier Luigi Pizzi, Angelo Savelli, Ruggero Savino, Ettore Spalletti, Vito Tongiani, Mino Trafeli, Giuliano Vangi (Curator: Jean Clair)
• 1997 — Maurizio Cattelan, Enzo Cucchi, Ettore Spalletti (Curator: Germano Celant)
• 1999 — Monica Bonvicini, Bruna Esposito, Luisa Lambri, Paola Pivi, Grazia Toderi (Curator: Harald Szeemann)
• 2001 — Alighiero Boetti, Barry McGee, Todd James, Steve Powers (Curators: Pio Baldi, Paolo Colombo, Sandra Pinto)
• 2003 — Charles Avery, Avish Khebrehzadeh, Sara Rossi, Carola Spadoni (Curators: Pio Baldi, Monica Pignatti Morano and Paolo Colombo). A12, Alessandra Ariatti, Micol Assaël, Diego Perrone, Patrick Tuttofuoco, Zimmer Frei (curator: Massimiliano Gioni)
• 2005 — Carolina Antich, Manfredi Beninati, Loris Cecchini, Lara Favaretto (Curators: Pio Baldi, Monica Pignatti Morano and Paolo Colombo)
• 2007 — Giuseppe Penone, Francesco Vezzoli (Curator: Ida Gianelli)
• 2009 — Matteo Basilé, Manfredi Beninati, Valerio Berruti, Bertozzi & Casoni, Nicola Bolla, Sandro Chia, Marco Cingolani, Giacomo Costa, Aron Demetz, Roberto Floreani, Daniele Galliano, Marco Lodola, MASBEDO, Gian Marco Montesano, Davide Nido, Luca Pignatelli, Elisa Sighicelli, Sissi, Nicola Verlato, Silvio Wolf (Curators: Luca Beatrice and Beatrice Buscaroli)
• 2011 — L'Arte non è Cosa Nostra, a group show with 250 artists, including Valerio Adami, Vanessa Beecroft, Agostino Bonalumi, Enzo Cucchi, Roberto Ferri, Silvio Formichetti, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Rabarama and Oliviero Toscani (Curator: Vittorio Sgarbi)
• 2013 — Francesco Arena, Massimo Bartolini, Gianfranco Baruchello, Elisabetta Benassi, Flavio Favelli, Luigi Ghirri, Piero Golia, Francesca Grilli, Marcello Maloberti, Fabio Mauri, Giulio Paolini, Marco Tirelli, Luca Vitone, Sislej Xhafa (Curator: Bartolomeo Pietromarchi)
• 2015 — Alis/Filliol, Andrea Aquilanti, Francesco Barocco, Vanessa Beecroft, Antonio Biasiucci, Giuseppe Caccavale, Paolo Gioli, Jannis Kounellis, Nino Longobardi, Marzia Migliora, Luca Monterastelli, Mimmo Paladino, Claudio Parmeggiani, Nicola Samorì, Aldo Tambellini (Curator: Vincenzo Trione)
• 2017 — Giorgio Andreotta Calò, Roberto Cuoghi, Adelita Husni-Bey (Curator: Cecilia Alemani)^[44]
• 2019 — Enrico David, Chiara Fumai, Liliana Moro (Curator: Milovan Farronato)
• 2021 – Gian Maria Tosatti (Curator: Eugenio Viola)

Republic of Kazakhstan

List of exhibitors and curators in the Kazakhstan Pavilion:

• 2022 — ORTA Collective: Alexandra Morozova, Rustem Begenov, Darya Jumelya, Alexandr Bakanov, Sabina Kuangaliyeva. (Curator: ORTA Collective, Commissioner: Meruyert Kaliyeva) ^[45]

Republic of Kosovo

List of exhibitors in the Kosovo Pavilion:

• 2013 — Petrit Halilaj (Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg. Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli)^{[46] [47]}
• 2015 — Flaka Haliti (Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen)
• 2017 — Sislej Xhafa (Curator: Arta Agani, Commissioner: Valon Ibraj)
• 2019 — Alban Muja (Curator: Vincent Honoré)^[48]

Kuwait

List of exhibitors in the Kuwait Pavilion:

• 2013 — "National Works" featuring works by Sami Mohammad and Tarek Al-Ghoussein (Curator: Ala Younis, Commissioner: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters)^[49]

Lebanon

Lebanon was present at the Biennale for the first time in 2007.^[50] After being absent in 2009 and 2011, it is coming back in 2013.^[51]

• 2007 — Foreword: Fouad Elkoury, Lamia Joreige, Walid Sadek, Mounira Al Solh and Akram Zaatari (Curators: Saleh Barakat, Sandra Dagher)
• 2013 — Akram Zaatari (Curators: Sam Bardaouil, Till Fellrath)
• 2017 — Zad Moultaka (Curator: Emmanuel Daydé)

Latvia

List of exhibitors in the Latvian Pavilion:

• 2001 — Laila Pakalniņa^[52]

Lithuania

List of exhibitors in the Lithuanian Pavilion:

• 1999 — Mindaugas Navakas and Eglė Rakauskaitė
• 2001 — Deimantas Narkevičius
• 2003 — Svajonė Stanikas and Paulius Stanikas
• 2005 — Jonas Mekas
• 2007 — Nomeda Urbonienė and Gediminas Urbonas
• 2009 — Žilvinas Kempinas
• 2011 — Darius Mikšys
• 2013 — Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaitė, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytautė Žilinskaitė, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister (Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas)
• 2015 — Dainius Liškevičius
• 2017 — Žilvinas Landzbergas
• 2019 — Rugilė Barzdžiukaitė, Vaiva Grainytė, Lina Lapelytė

Luxembourg

The Cà del Duca, situated on the Canale Grande, has been the permanent site for Luxembourg's participations in the Venice Biennale since 1999.

List of exhibitors in the Luxembourg Pavilion:

• 1990 — Marie-Paule Feiereisen
• 1993 — Jean-Marie Biwer, Bertrand Ney
• 1995 — Bert Theis
• 1997 — Luc Wolf
• 1999 — Simone Decker
• 2001 — Doris Drescher
• 2003 — Su-Mei Tse
• 2007 — Jill Mercedes
• 2009 — Gast Bouschet, Nadine Hilbert
• 2011 — Martine Feipel, Jean Bechameil (Curator: René Kockelkorn)
• 2013 — Catherine Lorent
• 2015 — Filip Markiewicz (Curator: Paul Ardenne)
• 2017 — Mike Bourscheid (Curator: Kevin Muhlen)
• 2019 — Marco Godinho^[53]

Macao

List of exhibitors in the Macao Pavilion:

• 2015 — Mio Pang Fei

Maldives

The Maldives Pavilion was introduced in 2013.^[54] List of exhibitors in the Maldives Pavilion:

• 2013 — Mohamed Ali, Sama Alshaibi, Ursula Biemann, Stefano Cagol, Wael Darwesh, Moomin Fouad, Thierry Geoffrey (aka Colonel), Khaled Hafez, Heidrun Holzfeind & Christoph Draeger, Hanna Husberg, Laura McLean & Kalliopi Tsipni-Kolaza, Achilleas Kentonis & Maria Papacaharalambous, Paul Miller (aka DJ Spooky), Gregory Niemeyer, Khaled Ramada, Oliver Ressler, Klaus Schafler, Patrizio Travagli, Wooloo (Sixten Kai Nielsen and Martin Rosengaard), (Curators CPS – Chamber of Public Secrets: Alfredo Cramerotti, Aida Eltorie, Khaled Ramadan)

Malta

The Malta Pavilion returned to the Venice Biennale in 2017.^[55] They also exhibited in 2000 and 1958. List of exhibitors in the Malta Pavilion:

• 1958 — Carmelo Mangion, Antoine Camilleri, Emvin Cremona, Frank Portelli, Josef Kalleya
• 1999 — Vince Briffa, Norbert Francis Attard, Ray Pitre (Curator: Adrian Bartolo)
• 2017 — Adrian Abela, John Paul Azzopardi, Aaron Bezzina, Pia Borg, Gilbert Calleja, Austin Camilleri, Roxman Gatt, David Pisani, Karine Rougier, Joe Sacco, Teresa Sciberras, Darren Tanti and Maurice Tanti Burlo’ and artefacts from Heritage Malta’s National collection, Ghaqda tal-Pawlini, private collections and various archives (Curators: Raphael Vella and Bettina Hutschek)
• 2022 – Arcangelo Sassolino^[56]

Mauritius

The Pavilion of Mauritius was introduced in 2015 with an exhibition ‘From One Citizen You Gather an Idea’.

• 2015 — Tania Antoshina, Djuneid Dulloo, Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Bik Van Der Pol, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer, Kavinash Thomoo (Curators: Olga Jürgenson, Alfredo Cramerotti, Commissioner: pARTage)
• 2017 — Michael Lalljee, Robert Rauschenberg, SEO, Jacques Desiré, Wong So (Curator: Olga Jürgenson, Executor: Krishna Luchoomun, Commissioner: Thivynaidoo Perumal Naiken)

Mexico

The Mexican Pavilion was introduced for the first time in 1950 with the participation of the Muralists: David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and Rufino Tamayo. For this participation, David Alfaro Siqueiros was awarded the 1st prize to foreign artists. The national participation was interrupted until 2007. The exhibitors that have represented the pavilion are:

• 1950 — David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, Rufino Tamayo
• 2007 — Rafael Lozano-Hemmer
• 2009 — Teresa Margolles
• 2011 — Melanie Smith
• 2013 — Ariel Guzik
• 2015 — Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
• 2017 — Carlos Amorales (Curator: Pablo León De La Barra)

Mongolia

Names of exhibitions, exhibitors, curators and organizers of the Mongolia Pavilion:

• 2015 — Other Home. Artists Unen Enkh and Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Commissioner Gantuya Badamgarav, Curator Uranchimeg Tsultem and Organizer Mongolian Contemporary Art Support Association
• 2017 — Lost in Tngri. Artists Chimeddorj Shagdarjav, Enkhtaivan Ochirbat, Munkkh - Munkhbolor Ganbold, Davaajargal Tsaschikher, Bolortuvshin Jargalsainkhan, Commissioner Munkh-Orgil Tsend, Project Director Gantuya Badamgarav, Curator Dalkh-Ochir Yondonjunai and Organizer Mongolian Contemporary Art Support Association
• 2019 — A Temporality. Artist Jantsankhorol Erdenebayar, with the participation of Mongolian throat singers Ashit Nergui, Damdin Khadkhuu, Undarmaa Altangerel, Davaasuren Damjin and guest artist Carsten Nicolai. Curator Gantuya Badamgarav, co-curator Carsten Nicolai, Commissioner The Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports of Mongolia and Organizer Mongolian Contemporary Art Support Association^[57]
• 2022 — A Journey Through Vulnerability. Artist Munkhtsetseg Jalkhaajav. Curator Gantuya Badamgarav. Commissioner Nomin Chinbat, Minister of Culture.^[58]

Namibia

The Republic of Namibia officially participated for the first time at the 59th Venice Biennale in 2022 with the exhibition A Bridge to the Desert curated by Marco Furio Ferrario, exhibiting the works of solo artist Renn.^{[59] [60]} Covering an area of 20 hectares, the national participation was the most extensive of its edition and one of the most extensive of the history of Biennale.^[61] The exhibition included two introductory paths to the main works: a 140x2 meters wall covered with Namib desert pictures by Roland Blum (photographer) and an immersive-interactive installation titled Seek to believe by Amebe Studio.^[62]

List of exhibitors in the Namibian Pavilion:

• 2022 — Renn (Curator: Marco Furio Ferrario; Exhibition Director & Curatorial research: Stefano Morelli; Introductory Landscape Desert Photos by Roland Blum, Seek to Believe installation by AMEBE)^[63]

New Zealand

List of exhibitors in the New Zealand Pavilion:

• 2001 — Peter Robinson and Jacqueline Fraser (Curator: Gregory Burke)
• 2003 — Michael Stevenson (Curators: Robert Leonard and Boris Kremer)
• 2005 — et al. (Curator: Natasha Conland)
• 2007 — Brett Graham and Frank Fu
• 2009 — Judy Millar (Curator: Leonhard Emmerling) and Francis Upritchard (Curators: Heather Galbraith and Francesco Manacorda)
• 2011 — Michael Parekowhai (Curator: Jenny Harper)
• 2013 — Bill Culbert (Curator: Justin Paton)
• 2015 — Simon Denny (Curator: Robert Leonard)
• 2017 — Lisa Reihana (Curator: Rhana Devenport)
• 2019 — Dane Mitchell (Curators: Chris Sharp and Zara Stanhope)
• 2022 — Yuki Kihara (Curator: Natalie King)^[64]
• 2024 – cancelled^[65]

Nigeria

List of exhibitors in the Nigerian Pavilion:

• 2017 – Peju Alatise, Victor Ehikhamenor, Quddus Onikeku (Curator: Adenrele Sonariwo)^[66]
• 2024 — Tunji Adeniyi-Jones, Ndidi Dike, Onyeka Igwe, Toyin Ojih Odutola, Abraham Oghobase, Precious Okoyomon, Yinka Shonibare, Fatimah Tuggar (Curator: Aindrea Emelife)^[67]

North Macedonia

List of exhibitors in the Macedonian Pavilion:

• 1993 — Gligor Stefanov and Petre Nikoloski
• 1997 — Aneta Svetieva
• 1999 — Iskra Dimitrova
• 2001 — Javon Sumkovski
• 2003 — Zaneta Bangeli and Vana Urosebic
• 2005 — Antoni Maznevski
• 2007 — Blagoja Manevski
• 2009 — Nikola Uzunovski and Goce Nanevski
• 2011 — Zarko Basevski and ZERO
• 2013 — Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva
• 2015 — Hristina Ivanoska, Yane Calovski (Curator: Basak Senova)
• 2017 — Tome Adzievski (Curator: Branislav Sarkanjac)
• 2019 — Nada Prlja (Curator: Jovanka Popova)

Northern Ireland

List of exhibitors in the Northern Ireland Pavilion:

• 2005 — "The Nature of Things", group show with Patrick Bloomer, Patrick Keogh, Ian Charlesworth, Factotum, Séamus Harahan, Michael Hogg, Sandra Johnston, Mary McIntyre, Katrina Moorhead, William McKeown, Darren Murray, Aisling O'Beirn, Peter Richards and Alistair Wilson (curator: Hugh Mulholland)
• 2007 — Willie Doherty (Curator: Hugh Mulholland)
• 2009 — Susan MacWilliam (Curator: Karen Downey)

Pakistan

In 2019, Pakistan officially participated in the Venice Biennale for the first time.^[68]

List of exhibitors in the Pakistani Pavilion:

• 2019 — Naiza Khan (Curator: Zahra Khan)^[68]

Panama

The Republic of Panama officially participated for the first time at the 60th Venice Biennale in 2024 with the exhibition Traces: On the Body and on the Land curated by Ana Elizabeth González, Mónica Kupfer, and Luz Bonadies.

List of exhibitors at the Panamanian Pavilion:

• 2024 — Giana De Dier, Isabel De Obaldía, Brooke Alfaro, Cisco Merel.^[69]

Peru

List of exhibitors in the Peruvian Pavilion:

• 2015 — Raimond Chávez, Gilda Mantilla (Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo)
• 2017 — Juan Javier Salazar (Curator: Rodrigo Quijano)

Philippines

List of exhibitors in the Philippines Pavilion:

• 1964 — Jose Joya
• 2015 — Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz (Curator: Patrick D. Flores)
• 2017 — Manuel Ocampo, Lani Maestro (Curator: Joselina Cruz)^[70]
• 2019 — Mark Justiniani (Curator: Tessa Maria Guazon)^[71]

Portugal

In 1997, Portugal announced plans to build its own pavilion;^[23] these have not materialized since.

List of exhibitors:

• 1997 – Julião Sarmento^[23]
• 2007 – Ângela Ferreira
• 2011 – Francisco Tropa (Curator: Sergio Mah)
• 2013 – Joana Vasconcelos (Curator: Miguel Amado)
• 2015 – João Louro (Curator: María de Corral)
• 2017 — José Pedro Croft (Curator: João Pinharanda)
• 2019 — Leonor Antunes (Curator: João Ribas)^[72]

San Marino

List of exhibitors:^[73]

• 1982 — Gilberto Giovagnoli, Walter Gasperoni (curated by Achille Bonito Oliva)
• 2011 — Group exhibition of 13 artists, including Dorothee Albrecht, Marco Bravura, Cristian Ceccaroni, Daniela Comani, Ottavio Fabbri, Verdiano Manzi, Patrizia Merendi, Omar Paolucci, Cristina Rotondaro, Lars Teichmann, Thea Tini, Daniela Tonelli, Paola Turroni
• 2015 — Group exhibition of 11 artists, including Xu De Qi, Liu Ruowang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giovanni Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
• 2019 — Group exhibition of 12 artists including Gisella Battistini, Gabriele Gambuti, Giovanna Fra, Thea Tini, Chen Chengwei, Li Geng, Dario Ortiz, Tang Shuangning, Jens W. Beyrich, Xing Junqin, Xu de Qi, and Sebastián. Special Project by Martina Conti curated by Alessandro Castiglioni and Emma Zanella^[74]

Scotland

Scotland has participated in the Biennale since 2003 as a collateral event. Scotland + Venice is a partnership between the Scottish government and various British arts organizations, including the British Council and the National Galleries of Scotland.^[75]

List of exhibitors in the Scottish Pavilion:

• 2003 — Claire Barclay, Jim Lambie, Simon Starling
• 2005 — Alex Pollard, Joanne Tatham & Tom O'Sullivan, Cathy Wilkes
• 2007 — Charles Avery, Henry Coombes, Louise Hopkins, Rosalind Nashashibi, Lucy Skaer, Tony Swain,
• 2009 — Martin Boyce
• 2011 — Karla Black
• 2013 — Corin Sworn, Duncan Campbell, Hayley Tompkins
• 2015 — Graham Fagen
• 2017 — Rachel Maclean^[76]
• 2019 — Charlotte Prodger^[77]
• 2022 – Alberta Whittle^[75]
• 2024 – cancelled^[75]

Seychelles

The Seychelles Pavilion was first introduced in 2015, by the proposal of artist Nitin Shroff,^[78] featuring "A Clockwork Sunset".^[79] The Pavilion was commissioned by the Seychelles Art Projects Foundation and curated by Sarah J. McDonald and Victor Schaub Wong.

List of exhibitors in the Seychelles Pavilion:

• 2015 — George Camille, Leon Wilma Lois Radegonde
• 2017 — Alyssa Adams, Tristan Adams, George Camille, Christine Chetty-Payet, Zoe Chong Seng, Daniel Dodin, Charle Dodo, Allen Ernest Christine Harter, Nigel Henri, Alcide Libanotis, Marc Luc, Egbert Marday, Colbert Nourrice, Leon Radegonde, Danny Sopha (Curator: Martin Kennedy)

Singapore

List of exhibitors in the Singapore Pavilion:

• 2001 — Chen KeZhan, Salleh Japar, Matthew Ngui, Suzann Victor (Curators: Ahmad Mashadi and Joanna Lee)
• 2003 — Heman Chong, Francis Ng, Tan Swie Hian (Curator: Low Sze Wee)
• 2005 — Lim Tzay Chuen (Curator: Eugene Tan)
• 2007 — Tang Da Wu, Vincent Leow, Jason Lim and Zulkifle Mahmod (Curator: Lindy Poh)
• 2009 — Ming Wong (Curator: Tang Fu Kuen)
• 2011 — Ho Tzu Nyen (Curator: June Yap)
• 2015 — Charles Lim (Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa)
• 2017 — Zai Kuning (No curator)^[80]
• 2019 — Ang Song-Ming (Curator: Michelle Ho)^[81]
• 2022 — Shubigi Rao (Curator: Ute Meta Bauer)^[82]
• 2024 — Robert Zhao Renhui (Curator: Haeju Kim)^[83]

Slovenia

List of exhibitors in the Slovenian Pavilion:

• 2007 — Tobias Putrih
• 2009 — Miha Štrukelj
• 2013 — Jasmina Cibic^[84]
• 2015 — Jaša Mrevlje Pollak (Curators: Michele Drascek, Aurora Fonda)^[85]
• 2017 — Nika Autor (Curator: Andreja Hribernik)^[85]
• 2019 — Marko Peljhan

South Africa

• 1993 — Jackson Hlungwane, Sandra Kriel, Tommy Matswai (Curator: Christopher Till)
• 1995 — Randolph Hartzenberg, Brett Murray (Curator: Malcolm Payne)
• 2011 — Mary Sibande, Siemon Allen, Lyndi Sales (Curator: Thembinkosi Goniwe)
• 2013 — Nelisiwe Xaba, Zanele Muholi, Wim Botha, Joanne Bloch, David Koloane, Gerhard Marx, Maja Marx, Philip Miller, Cameron Platter, John Muafangejo, Johannes Phokela, Andrew Putter, Alfred Martin Duggan-Cronin, Penny Siopis, Kay Hassan, Sue Williamson, Donna Kukama, Athi-Patra Ruga, James Webb, Kemang wa Lehulere, Sam Nhlengethwa (Curator: Brenton Maart)
• 2015 — Willem Boshoff, Haroon Gunn-Salie, Angus Gibson, Mark Lewis, Gerald Machona, Mohau Modisakeng, Nandipha Mntambo, Brett Murray, Serge Alain Nitegeka, Jo Ratcliffe, Robin Rhode, Warrick Sony, Diane Victor, Jeremy Wafer (Curators: Christopher Till and Jeremy Rose)
• 2017 — Candice Breitz, Mohau Modisakeng (Curator: Lucy MacGarry)^[86]
• 2019 — Mawande Ka Zenzile, Dineo Seshee Bopape, Tracey Rose (Curators: Nkule Mabaso, Nomusa Makhubu)^[87]

Taiwan

The Taiwan Pavilion is housed in the Palazzo delle Prigioni^[88]

• 2011 - Hong-Kai Wang and Yu-Hsien Su (Curated by Amy Cheng)^[88]
• 2013 - Bernd Behr, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kateřina Šedá and BATEŽO MIKILU (Curated by Esther Lu)^[89]
• 2015 - Wu Tien-chang^[90]
• 2017 - Tehching Hsieh (Curated by Adrian Heathfield)^[91]
• 2019 - Shu Lea Cheang (Curated by Paul B. Preciado)^[92]

Türkiye

In 2013, Türkiye signed a 20-year lease for a national pavilion at the Venice Biennale. The state-funded Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts is the co-ordinator of the Turkish pavilion.^[93]

List of exhibitors in the Turkish Pavilion:

• 1956 - Group exhibition, by Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts (Commissioner: Sabri Berkel)^[94]
• 1958 - Group exhibition, by Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts (Commissioner: Nijad Sirel, Sabri Berkel)^[94]
• 1962 - Group exhibition, by Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts (Commissioner: Sabri Berkel)^[94]
• 1990 — Kemal Önsoy, Mithat Şen (Curator: Beral Madra)
• 1993 — Erdağ Aksel, Serhat Kiraz, Jȧrg Geismar, Adem Yılmaz (Curator: Beral Madra)
• 2001 — Murat Morova, Butch Morris, Ahmet Öktem, Sermin Sherif, Xurban.net (Güven Icirlioğlu & Hakan Topal) (Curator: Beral Madra)
• 2003 — Nuri Bilge Ceylan, Ergin Çavuşoğlu, Gül Ilgaz, Neriman Polat, Nazif Topçuoğlu (Curator: Beral Madra)
• 2005 — Hussein Chalayan (Curator: Beral Madra)
• 2007 — Hüseyin Alptekin (Curator: Vasif Kortun)
• 2009 — Banu Cennetoğlu, Ahmet Öğüt (Curator: Basak Senova)^[95]
• 2011 — Ayşe Erkmen (Curator: Fulya Erdemci)
• 2013 — Ali Kazma (Curator: Emre Baykal)
• 2015 — Sarkis (Curator: Defne Ayas)^[96]
• 2017 — Cevdet Erek^[97]
• 2019 — İnci Eviner (Curator: Zeynep Öz)

Tuvalu

Despite the cost to the third world country, Tuvalu decided to develop its first national pavilion in 2013 to highlight the negative effects of global warming on the nation, which is forecast to be one of the first countries to disappear due to sea level rise caused by climate change.^[98] After working closely with Taiwanese eco artist Vincent J.F. Huang at the 2012 UNFCCC COP18 session in Doha, Qatar and collaborating with the artist on several occasions, Tuvalu's government invited Huang to act as the representative artist for the pavilion.^[98] All of the artworks at the 2013 Tuvalu Pavilion focused on climate change and included In the Name of Civilization, a giant oil rig turned agent of destruction, and Prisoner's Dilemma, a depiction of the Statue of Liberty kneeling in apology to ghostly portraits of terra-cotta penguins symbolic of ecological sacrifices made to further the development of human civilization.^[99]

List of exhibitors for the Tuvalu Pavilion:

• 2013 — Vincent J.F. Huang (Curators: An-Yi Pan, Li Szuhsien, Shih Shuping)
• 2015 — Vincent J.F. Huang (Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis)

Ukraine

The PinchukArtCentre sponsored Ukraine's pavilions in 2007, 2009 and 2015.

List of exhibitors in the Ukrainian Pavilion:

• 2003 – Victor Sydorenko "Millstones of Time", Ukraine
• 2005 — Mykola Babak «Your Children, Ukraine» (Curator: Oleksiy Tytarenko)
• 2007 – Victor Sydorenko "«A Poem about an Inland Sea» (in collaboration)
• 2011 — Oksana Mas «Post-vs-Proto-Renaissance» (Curator: Oleksiy Rogotchenko)
• 2013 — Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna (Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria)
• 2015 — Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & Serhiy Zhadan, Artem Volokitin, Anna Zvyagintseva and Open Group (Curator: Björn Geldhof)
• 2017 — Boris Mikhailov (Curator: Peter Doroshenko)

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates' Venice pavilion first opened in 2009, but 2015 was the first time an Emirati has served as curator.

List of exhibitors in the UAE Pavilion:

• 2009 — Lamya Gargash (Commissioner: Dr Lamees Hamdan; Curator: Tirdad Zolghadr)
• 2011 — Abdullah Al Saadi, Sheikha Lateefa bint Maktoum, Reem Al Ghaith (Curator: Vasif Kortun)
• 2013 — Mohammed Kazem (Commissioner: Dr. Lamees Hamdan; Curator: Reem Fadda)
• 2015 — Hassan Sharif, Mohammed Kazem, Abdullah Al Saadi, Ahmed Al Ansari, Moosa Al Halyan, Mohammed Al Qassab, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Salem Jawhar, Dr. Najat Makki, Abdulraheem Salim, Obaid Suroor, Dr. Mohamed Yousif, and Abdulrahman Zainal (Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi)^[100]
• 2017 — Nujoom Al-Ghanem, Sara Al Haddad, Vikram Divecha, Lantian Xie, Mohamed Yousif. (Curator: Hammad Nasar)
• 2019 — Nujoom Al-Ghanem ^[101] (Curators: Sam Bardaouil and Till Fellrath) ^[102]

Wales

The Wales pavilion was introduced in 2003.^{[103] [104]}

List of exhibitors in the Wales Pavilion:

• 2003 — Bethan Huws^[105] & Cerith Wyn Evans^[106] & Simon Pope Simon Pope | Art Work - About
• 2005 — Peter Finnemore, Laura Ford & Paul Granjon^{[107] [108] [109]}
• 2007 — Richard Deacon, Merlin James, Heather and Ivan Morison^[110]
• 2009 — John Cale^[111]
• 2011 — Tim Davies^[112]
• 2013 — Bedwyr Williams^[113]
• 2015 — Helen Sear (Curator: Ffotogallery)
• 2017 — James Richards^[114]
• 2019 — Sean Edwards (Curator: Marie-Anne McQuay)

Zimbabwe

• 2011 — Tapfuma Gutsa, Misheck Masamvu, Berry Bickle, Calvin Dondo (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
• 2013 — Portia Zvavahera, Michele Mathison, Rashid Jogee, Voti Thebe, Virginia Chihota (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
• 2015 — Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
• 2017 — Charles Bhebe, Admire Kamudzengerere, Sylvester Mubayi, Dana Whabira (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
• 2019 — Kudzanai-Violet Hwami, Neville Starling, Georgina Maxim, Cosmas Shiridzinomwa (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)^[115]
• 2021 — Wallen Mapondera, Ronald Muchatuta, Kresiah Mukwazhi, Terrence Musekiwa (Commissioner: Raphael Chikukwa; Curator: Fadzai Veronica Muchemwa)

Bibliography

• Web site: Russeth . Andrew . The Venice Biennale: Everything You Could Ever Want to Know . . 2019-04-17 . en-US . 2019-04-22 . mdy-all . April 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190420132701/http://www.artnews.com/2019/04/17/the-venice-biennale-everything-you-could-ever-want-to-know/ . live .
• Book: Volpi, Cristiana . Pavilions/Historical Background. Re Rebaudengo . Adele . 2013 . Pavilions and Garden of Venice Biennale . 163–195 . Contrasto . Rome . 978-88-6965-440-4 .

Further reading

• Web site: Droitcour . Brian . Pavilion Problems . . 2015-08-28 . en-US . 2018-06-20 . mdy-all . May 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190528005258/https://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/magazines/pavilion-problems/ . live .
• News: Kazmin . Amy . Ghiglione . Davide . Venice Biennale: how do countries get a pavilion? . . 2022-04-14 . mdy-all . April 23, 2022 . April 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220418084220/https://www.ft.com/content/dbe8d297-113a-4202-99b1-ee6c49ca58d2 . live .
• Book: Mulazzani . Marco . Guida ai padiglioni della Biennale di Venezia dal 1887 . 2014 . it . 978-88-918-0052-7 . Electa architettura . Milano . 963880895 . mdy-all .

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Notes and References

1. Web site: Albania . Euronews . 2024-01-31 . Artist Iva Lulashi to represent Albania at the Art Biennale in Venice . 2024-05-18 . Euronews Albania . en-US.
2. Web site: 54 edition . 2024-05-20 . Andorra Biennale . en-US.
3. Web site: 55th edition . 2024-05-20 . Andorra Biennale . en-US.
4. Web site: ANDORRA PAVILION at 56th International Art Exhibition – la Biennale di Venezia Inner Landscapes Confrontations . 2024-05-20 . Google Arts & Culture . en.
5. Web site: 56 edition . 2024-05-20 . Andorra Biennale . en-US.
6. Web site: 57 edition . 2024-05-20 . Andorra Biennale . en-US.
7. Web site: Adrian Villar Rojas: The Last Sculpture on Earth . Hirsch . Faye . Art in America . June 2, 2011 . October 22, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110811011926/http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-opinion/conversations/2011-06-02/adrian-villar-rojas-venice-biennale-argentina/ . August 11, 2011 .
8. Web site: Biennale Arte 2019 | Argentina. Arsenale See on Google. Maps. May 2, 2019. La Biennale di Venezia. June 3, 2019. May 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190513202707/https://www.labiennale.org/en/art/2019/national-participations/argentina. live.
9. Saeed Kamali Dehghan (26 December 2023), ‘Embrace the unexpected’: African art boosts its presence at Venice Biennale The Guardian.
10. Web site: Radenko Milak & international guests: University of Disaster - Announcements - e-flux. www.e-flux.com. June 3, 2019. February 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060203/https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/132683/radenko-milak-international-guestsuniversity-of-disaster/. live.
11. Juan José Santos Mateo (17 November 2023), Chile’s Venice Biennale Pavilion Faces a Troubled Selection Process, Resulting in Resignations ARTnews.
12. Web site: Croatian Artists at Venice Biennales. Culturenet.hr. 9 October 2013. March 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200303152123/https://www.culturenet.hr/default.aspx?id=23633. live.
13. Hili Perlson (April 20, 2016), Katja Novitskova Will Represent Estonia at 2017 Venice Biennale artnet.
14. Alex Greenberger (May 31, 2018), Kris Lemsalu Will Represent Estonia at the 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
15. Alex Greenberger (November 26, 2018), Anna K.E. Will Represent Georgia at the 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
16. Gareth Harris (February 25, 2019), David Adjaye to design Ghana's first ever pavilion at the Venice Biennale The Art Newspaper.
17. Julia Halperin (July 16, 2014), Tsang Kin-wah to represent Hong Kong at next Venice Biennale The Art Newspaper.
18. Koon, Yeewan (September/October 2017). What is the sound of failed aspirations? Samson Young's Songs for Disaster Relief. Yishu: Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art, Vol. 16 No. 5. Retrieved 8/3/22.
19. Shirley Nwangwa (June 18, 2018), Shirley Tse Will Rep Hong Kong at 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
20. News: Tsui. Enid. 17 June 2021. Venice Biennale 2022: artist Angela Su to represent Hong Kong at international event after 'turbulent years'. South China Morning Post. 25 October 2021. October 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211025162039/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3137659/venice-biennale-2022-artist-angela-su-represent-hong-kong. live.
21. Web site: Role and Goals. Icelandic Art Center. May 12, 2019. April 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160423035538/http://icelandicartcenter.is/about-us/the-center/. live.
22. http://www.artnews.is/issue012/012_venhist.htm A Brief Look Back: Icelandic Participation at the Venice Biennale
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25. Web site: ARTINFO's Comprehensive Guide to the 2011 Venice Biennale National Pavilions . ARTINFO . Louise Blouin Media . May 30, 2011 . October 22, 2011 . November 6, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111106204130/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/33767/artinfos-comprehensive-guide-to-the-2011-venice-biennale-national-pavilions . live .
26. Kabir Jhala and Anna Brady (March 22, 2019), India announces artist line-up of Gandhi-themed exhibition at Venice Biennale The Art Newspaper.
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28. Web site: Iran at the Venice Biennial (Part I). KAYHAN LIFE. June 7, 2017. June 3, 2019. May 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190514142039/https://kayhanlife.com/culture/art/iran-venice-biennale-visit-iranian-pavilion/. live.
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31. Web site: Saadi Al Kaabi . Barjeel Art Foundation . 2024-01-19.
32. Web site: A Conversation with Dia al-Azzawi . The Metropolitan Museum of Art . 2023-04-10 . 2024-01-19.
33. Web site: Ruya Foundation, Announcement, March 21, 2013 . March 21, 2013 . August 8, 2019 . August 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190808105556/https://ruyafoundation.org/en/2013/03/announcement-of-artists-names/ . live .
34. Ruya Foundation, Invisible Beauty the Iraq Pavilion at the 56th Venice Biennale, April 1, 2016 https://ruyafoundation.org/en/project/invisible-beauty-2/
35. Chalabi, T., Archaic: The Pavilion of Iraq : 57th International Art Exhibition La Biennale Di Venezia, Mousse Publishing, 2017
36. Ruya Foundation, Archaic the Iraq Pavilion at the 57th Venice Biennale, March 10, 2017 https://ruyafoundation.org/en/project/venice-biennale-2017/
37. Alex Greenberger (February 22, 2019), Serwan Baran Will Represent Iraq at the 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
38. Ruya Foundation, Fatherland: Serwan Baran the Iraq Pavilion at the 58th Venice Biennale, April 1, 2019 https://ruyafoundation.org/en/project/fatherland/
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40. Aidan Dunne (January 12, 2015), The inventive and industrious Sean Lynch is a good fit for Venice Biennale The Irish Times.
41. Web site: The Rubberbandits to perform at the Venice Biennale. May 12, 2019. January 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160112205225/http://www.limerickleader.ie/what-s-on/arts-entertainment/visual-arts/the-rubberbandits-to-perform-at-the-venice-biennale-1-6726155. live.
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44. Alex Greenberger (April 25, 2016), Cecilia Alemani Will Curate Italy's Pavilion at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
45. Web site: ORTA's "LAI-PI-CHU-PLEE-LAPA Centre for the New Genius" . Lāce . Inga . Art-agenda . June 10, 2022.
46. Web site: The Showroom Kathrin Rhomberg. 2020-07-18. www.theshowroom.org. July 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200718140313/https://www.theshowroom.org/relationships/kathrin-rhomberg. live.
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48. Alex Greenberger (March 29, 2019), http://www.artnews.com/2019/03/29/alban-muja-will-represent-kosovo-at-the-2019-venice-biennale/Alban Muja Will Represent Kosovo at the 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
49. Web site: National Works - Kuwait in Venice 2013 . 2013 . Nafas Art Magazine . 18 November 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233012/http://universes-in-universe.org/eng/nafas/articles/2013/kuwait_venice . March 3, 2016 . dead .
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52. Roderick Conway Morris (June 16, 2001), Biennale Opens Its Portals to the Pros International Herald Tribune.
53. Annie Armstrong (June 11, 2018), Marco Godinho Tapped to Represent Luxembourg in 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
54. Web site: Maldives Pavilion, Portable Nation 2013, Venice Biennale . 2013 . Maldives Pavilion, Venice Biennale . April 23, 2022 . March 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220304035343/http://maldivespavilion.com/ . live .
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56. Web site: An Artist is Melting 400 Pounds of Steel Each Day in a Poignant Tribute to Caravaggio at the Venice Biennale's Malta Pavilion . April 20, 2022 .
57. Web site: Mongolian Pavilion at 2019 Venice Biennale to Feature Throat Singing and Electronic Sound by Carsten Nicolai. Andy. Battaglia. November 14, 2018. June 3, 2019. June 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190613033138/http://www.artnews.com/2018/11/14/mongolian-pavilion-2019-venice-biennale-feature-throat-singing-electronic-sound-carsten-nicolai/. live.
58. Web site: Mongolia Pavilion at Biennale Arte 2022 . 2022-04-12 . en-US . April 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235332/http://mongolia-pavilion-venice-biennale.com/ . live .
59. Web site: Biennale Arte 2022 | Namibia . April 15, 2022 .
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64. Alex Greenberger (September 16, 2019), ‘The Glass Ceiling Has Been Shattered’: Yuki Kihara to Make Historic Presentation at 2021 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
65. Alex Greenberger (11 August 2023), New Zealand Calls Off Venice Biennale Pavilion for 2024 After Report Finds ‘Inadequate’ Resources ARTnews.
66. Maximilíano Durón (21 July 2023), Second-Ever Nigerian Pavilion at Venice Biennale Will Feature Yinka Shonibare, Precious Okoyomon, Toyin Ojih Odutola, and More ARTnews.
67. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/07/21/yinka-shonibare-toyin-ojih-odutola-nigerias-venice-biennale-pavilion Yinka Shonibare and Toyin Ojih Odutola among artists selected for Nigeria's Venice Biennale 2024 pavilion
68. Richard Unwin (February 19, 2019), Naiza Khan to represent Pakistan in country's first-ever participation at the Venice Biennale The Art Newspaper.
69. Web site: Panama Pavilion – Bienal de Arte de Venecia .
70. Maximilíano Durón (October 13, 2016), Manuel Ocampo and Lani Maestro Will Represent the Philippines at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
71. Web site: The Venice Biennale's 10 Best Pavilions. Casey. Lesser. May 10, 2019. Artsy. June 3, 2019. May 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190515175952/https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-venice-biennales-10-best-pavilions. live.
72. Andrew Russeth (March 13, 2019), Leonor Antunes Will Represent Portugal at 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
73. Web site: La Biennale di Venezia – National Participations. www.labiennale.org. 2016-03-05. July 31, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170731085702/http://www.labiennale.org/en/art/archive/54th-exhibition/national-participations/. live.
74. Web site: Exercises for a Polluted Mind: il Padiglione della Repubblica di San Marino alla Biennale di Venezia. www.domusweb.it. en-gb. 2019-07-23. July 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190723144722/https://www.domusweb.it/it/speciali/biennale-arte-venezia/2019/exercises-for-a-polluted-mind-il-padiglione-della-repubblica-di-san-marino-alla-biennale-di-venezia.html. live.
75. Tessa Solomon (29 March 2023), Scotland Pauses Participation in Venice Biennale, Citing Financial Situation ARTnews.
76. Alex Greenberger (May 10, 2016), Rachel Maclean Will Represent Scotland at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
77. Andrew Russeth (May 31, 2018), Charlotte Prodger Will Represent Scotland at 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
78. News: Seychelles considers sendings its artists to Venice Art Biennale. Amla. Hajira. January 10, 2014. Seychelles News Agency. 2 December 2017. September 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180912165835/http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/227/Seychelles+considers+sendings+its+artists+to+Venice+Art+Biennale. live.
79. News: 'A Clockwork Sunset' at the Venice Art Biennale: first-time participation paves the way for more Seychelles artists. 2017-04-05. December 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201204144553/http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/3097/%27A+Clockwork+Sunset%27+at+the+Venice+Art+Biennale+first-time+participation+paves+the+way+for+more+Seychelles+artists. live.
80. News: January 2, 2017. Curator June Yap Withdraws from Singapore Pavilion for the 2017 Venice Biennale. Artforum International. live. 9 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200809132138/https://www.artforum.com/news/curator-june-yap-withdraws-from-singapore-pavilion-for-the-2017-venice-biennale-65656. 9 August 2020.
81. Web site: 2019. Singapore in Venice: The International Art Exhibition - La Biennale di Venezia. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200511111015/https://www.nac.gov.sg/singaporeartsscene/Going-International/Resources/Venice-Biennale.html. 11 May 2020. 9 June 2020. National Arts Council Singapore Official Website.
82. Web site: 26 July 2021. Multidisciplinary artist Shubigi Rao and curator Ute Meta Bauer to represent Singapore at the 59th International Venice Biennale. live. 26 July 2021. e-flux. October 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211025162124/https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/409642/multidisciplinary-artist-shubigi-rao-and-curator-ute-meta-bauer-to-represent-singapore-at-the-59th-international-venice-biennale/.
83. Web site: Singapore Pavilion at the Venice Biennale: Robert Zhao Renhui and Haeju Kim - Announcements - e-flux . 2023-08-15 . www.e-flux.com . en.
84. Karen Wright (April 19, 2013), In The Studio: Jasmina Cibic, artist The Independent.
85. Robin Scher (November 11, 2016), Nika Autor To Represent Slovenia at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
86. Alex Greenberger (November 2, 2016), Candice Breitz and Mohau Modisakeng Will Represent South Africa at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews
87. Tim Cornwell (March 1, 2019), South Africa finally announces Venice Biennale artists The Art Newspaper
88. Web site: The Heard and the Unheard – Soundscape Taiwan at the 54th Venice Biennale - Announcements - e-flux. www.e-flux.com. June 3, 2019. May 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013553/https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/35610/the-heard-and-the-unheard-soundscape-taiwan-at-the-54th-venice-biennale/. live.
89. Web site: Bernd Behr. Taiwan Pavilion. universes.art. June 3, 2019. May 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013032/https://universes.art/en/venice-biennale/2013/tour/taiwan/06/. live.
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91. Web site: Taiwan Pavilion. 57th Venice Biennale 2017. universes.art. June 3, 2019. May 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527135515/https://universes.art/en/venice-biennale/2017/taiwan/. live.
92. Web site: Shu Lea Cheang's "3x3x6" Will Represent Taiwan at 2019 Venice Biennale. April 24, 2019. Hyperallergic. June 3, 2019. April 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190428181015/https://hyperallergic.com/496551/shu-lea-cheangs-installation-3x3x6-will-represent-taiwan-2019-venice-biennale/. live.
93. Gareth Harris (December 26, 2013), Turkey secures national pavilion at Venice Biennale until 2034 The Art Newspaper.
94. Aynur Gürlemez Arı, Türkiye at the Venice Biennale, 2019, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Design.
95. Web site: 2009-05-12. 53rd Venice Biennale. 2020-12-14. e-flux. en. May 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210509173421/https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/38102/53rd-venice-biennale/. live.
96. Julia Halperin (August 5, 2014), Turkey picks Sarkis for 2015 Venice Biennale The Art Newspaper.
97. Robin Scher (April 26, 2016), Cevdet Erek Will Represent Turkey at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews.
98. Web site: Australian Broadcasting Company Radio Australia . Tuvalu Takes Climate Threat to Venice Biennale . May 12, 2019 . March 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160309122930/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/program/pacific-beat/Tuvalu-takes-climate-threat-to-venice-biennale/1145208 . live .
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100. Laura van Straaten (January 27, 2015), UAE announces group show with 14 artists for its Venice pavilion The Art Newspaper.
101. Alex Greenberger (January 29, 2019), Nujoom Alghanem Will Represent United Arab Emirates at 2019 Venice Biennale ARTnews
102. Dennis Mao (October 3, 2018), http://artasiapacific.com/News/SamBardaouilAndTillFellrathNamedCuratorsOfThe2019VeniceBiennaleUAENationalPavilion ArtAsiaPacific
103. Web site: Cymru yn Fenis Wales in Venice 2013 . Arts Council of Wales . 2014-01-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160106185745/http://www.artscouncilofwales.org.uk/artsinwales/venice . January 6, 2016 . dead .
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114. Alex Greenberger (May 26, 2016), James Richards Will Represent Wales at the 2017 Venice Biennale ARTnews
115. Andrew Russeth (February 19, 2019), Zimbabwe Taps Four for 2019 Venice Biennale Pavilion ARTnews