National nature reserve (Scotland) explained

The national nature reserves (NNRs) of Scotland are areas of land or water designated under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as containing habitats and species of national importance. National nature reserves can be owned by public, private, community or voluntary organisations but must be managed to conserve their important habitats and species, as well as providing opportunities for the public to enjoy and engage with nature. There are currently 43 NNRs in Scotland, which cover 154250hectare,^[1] or less than 1.5% of the land area of Scotland.^[2] They range in size from Corrieshalloch Gorge at 7 ha to Mar Lodge Estate, which covers 29,324 ha.^[1]

National nature reserve status is an accolade awarded to the best nature reserves in Scotland, and the selected sites provide examples of nationally or internationally important species and habitats. NNRs are intended to showcase Scotland's nature, and as well as being well managed for wildlife they must be managed to provide opportunities for the public to visit and enjoy them. NNRs therefore generally have facilities such as visitor centres and trails to allow visitors to explore and understand the habitats or wildlife they contain.^[1] 19 of the reserves NNRs have IUCN Category II (national park) status, including, Glen Affric, Rùm, Abernethy Forest and the Great Trossachs Forest. There are no reserves with this status in England, Wales or Northern Ireland. This is mainly due to Scotland's natural habitats being more intact than in the rest of the UK.

Most NNRs in Scotland are also designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Many also form part of the Natura 2000 network, which covers Special Protection Areas and Special Areas of Conservation. Additionally, some of the NNRs are designated as Ramsar sites.^[3]

History

National nature reserves were first created under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.^[4] In 1996 the public body responsible for Scotland's natural heritage, Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH – since renamed NatureScot), undertook a review of NNR policy that took account of the availability of other designations conferring legal protection, such as site of special scientific interest, special protection area and special area of conservation. It was determined that NNR should possess four attributes:^[4]

• Primacy of nature – conservation must be the primary land use within a NNR: "nature comes first".
• National importance – the conservation value of the habitat, species or feature must be such that it is of national importance that the site be managed as a reserve.
• Best practice management – NNRs must be well managed.
• Continuity of management – a long-term view is required.

Additionally, it was determined that NNRs should be managed for at least one of three purposes:^[4]

• Raising public awareness.
• Specialised and pro-active management.
• Offering opportunities for research into the ecology and its management.

Between 2000 and 2003 the existing NNRs were reviewed against these criteria. Prior to 2004 there were 73 national nature reserves in Scotland, however a number have since been de-designated.^[4] New NNRs have also been designated, such as the National Trust for Scotland's Glen Coe and Mar Lodge properties, which were both designated NNRs in 2017.^[5]

Since 2012 governance of the NNR designation in Scotland has been through a partnership group, comprising representatives of existing reserve management organisations and community land groups, chaired by NatureScot. NatureScot remains responsible for the statutory declaration of national nature reserves.^[2]

Maintenance and management

NatureScot is responsible for designating NNRs in Scotland and for overseeing the maintenance and management of each reserve.^[6] The majority of NNRs are directly managed by NatureScot; however, some are managed by, or in co-operation with other bodies. The NNR partnership consists of nine bodies:^[2]

• Community Land Scotland
• Forestry and Land Scotland (FLS)
• National Trust for Scotland (NTS)
• RSPB Scotland
• Scottish Land and Estates
• NatureScot
• Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT)
• South Lanarkshire Council
• Woodland Trust Scotland

Details on the management of each reserve are shown in the table below.

List of national nature reserves in Scotland

Name Region (as defined by NatureScot) Management Highlands and Skye NatureScot / RSPB ^[7] Highlands and Skye NatureScot / FLS ^[8] Highlands and Skye NatureScot ^[9] Tayside and Fife NTS ^[10] Highlands and Skye NatureScot / FLS ^[11] Central Belt NatureScot ^[12] South of Scotland NatureScot ^[13] South of Scotland NatureScot ^[14] - Central Belt NatureScot / SWT / South Lanarkshire Council ^[15] Tayside and Fife NatureScot ^[16] Highlands and Skye NTS ^[17] Highlands and Skye NatureScot ^[18] Highlands and Skye NatureScot ^[19] West Highlands NatureScot ^[20] Highlands and Skye RSPB ^[21] Grampian Highlands NatureScot ^[22] West Highlands NatureScot ^[23] - Highlands and Skye FLS ^[24] West Highlands NTS ^[25] - West Highlands FLS ^[26] Highlands and Skye NatureScot ^[27] - Grampian Highlands Glen Tanar Estate ^[28] Highlands and Skye FLS ^[29] West Highlands RSPB / FLS / Woodland Trust ^[30] Northern Isles NatureScot ^[31] - Highlands and Skye RSPB ^[32] - Highlands and Skye NatureScot / FLS ^[33] - Tayside and Fife NatureScot ^[34] - Highlands and Skye NatureScot ^[35] Highlands and Skye NatureScot / SWT ^[36] Tayside and Fife NatureScot / RSPB ^[37] West Highlands NatureScot / Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park ^[38] Grampian Highlands NTS ^[39] West Highlands NatureScot ^[40] Grampian Highlands NatureScot ^[41] - Northern Isles NatureScot ^[42] Highlands and Skye NatureScot ^[43] South of Scotland NTS ^[44] - Grampian Highlands NatureScot ^[45] Western Isles NTS ^[46] West Highlands NTS ^[47] West Highlands NatureScot ^[48] Tayside and Fife NatureScot ^[49]

Former NNRs, de-declared since 2004

• Braehead Moss, de-declared on 9 December 2011
• Ben Lui, de-declared on 18 May 2018
• Caenlochan, de-declared in 2005, although Corrie Fee remains a national nature reserve^[50]
• Claish Moss, de-declared on 1 March 2012
• Cragbank Woods, de-declared on 20 December 2012
• Den of Airlie, de-declared on 20 December 2012
• Eilean Na Muice Duibhe, Islay
• Glencripesdale, de-declared on 1 March 2012
• Inchnadamph, delisted as a national nature reserve in 2009
• Inverpolly, de-declared in 2004, although Knockan Crag remains a national nature reserve^[51]
• Keen of Hamar, de-declared on 13 July 2012
• Kirkconnell Flow, de-declared on 18 May 2018
• Loch a' Mhuilinn
• Loch Druidibeg, de-declared on 1 March 2012^[52]
• Mealdarroch, de-declared on 9 December 2011
• Monach Islands, de-declared on 18 May 2018
• Morrone Birkwood
• Morton Lochs, now part of Tentsmuir NNR
• Nigg and Udale Bays, de-declared on 9 December 2011
• Rannoch Moor, de-declared on 1 March 2012^[52]
• Rassal Ashwood, de-declared on 31 March 2014^[53]
• Rona and Sula Sgeir, de-declared on 18 May 2018
• Silver Flowe, de-declared on 18 May 2018
• Tynron Juniper Wood
• Whitlaw Mosses, de-declared on 18 May 2018^[54]

See also

• National nature reserve (United Kingdom)
• National nature reserves in England
• National nature reserves in Wales
• Nature reserves in Northern Ireland

External links

• Scotland's National Nature Reserves – Official Site
• Interactive map of designations in Scotland, including National Nature Reserves boundaries (select 'Nature Reserves' in UK Map Layers).

Notes and References

1. Web site: About NNRs. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2018-04-10.
2. Web site: National Nature Reserves. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2018-01-30.
3. Web site: National Nature Reserves and other protected areas. Scotland's National Nature Reserves. May 2015. 2018-01-31.
4. Web site: The Story of Abernethy National Nature Reserve (Appendix 1). Scottish Natural Heritage. 2018-10-02.
5. Web site: Scotland's Newest National Nature Reserves. National Trust for Scotland. 24 April 2017. 19 October 2020.
6. Web site: About NNRs. NatureScot. 2 September 2020.
7. Web site: Abernethy NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
8. Web site: Ariundle Oakwood NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
9. Web site: Beinn Eighe and Loch Maree Islands NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
10. Web site: Ben Lawers NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
11. Web site: Ben Wyvis NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
12. Web site: Blawhorn Moss NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
13. Web site: Caerlaverock NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
14. Web site: Cairnsmore of Fleet NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
15. Web site: Clyde Valley Woodlands NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
16. Web site: Corrie Fee NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
17. Web site: Corrieshalloch Gorge NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
18. Web site: Craigellachie NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
19. Web site: Creag Meagaidh NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
20. Web site: Flanders Moss NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
21. Web site: Forsinard Flows NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
22. Web site: Forvie NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
23. Web site: Glasdrum Wood NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
24. Web site: Glen Affric NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
25. Web site: Glen Coe NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024318/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glencoe/. 31 January 2018. dead.
26. Web site: Glen Nant NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
27. Web site: Glen Roy NNR – Management. SNH. 2018-01-30.
28. Web site: Glen Tanar NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
29. Web site: Glenmore Affric NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
30. Web site: The Great Trossachs Forest NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
31. Web site: Hermaness NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
32. Web site: Insh Marshes NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
33. Web site: Invereshie and Inshriach NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20170502010611/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/invereshie-and-inshriach/. 2 May 2017. dead.
34. Web site: Isle of May NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002215340/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/isle-of-may/. 2 October 2017. dead.
35. Web site: Knockan Crag NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
36. Web site: Loch Fleet NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
37. Web site: Loch Leven NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
38. Web site: The Story of the Loch Lomond NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
39. Web site: Mar Lodge Estate NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
40. Web site: Moine Mhor NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
41. Web site: Muir of Dinnet NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
42. Web site: Noss NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
43. Web site: Rum NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
44. Web site: St Abb's Head NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
45. Web site: St Cyrus NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
46. Web site: St Kilda NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
47. Web site: Staffa NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
48. Web site: Taynish NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
49. Web site: Tentsmuir NNR. SNH. 2018-01-30.
50. Web site: The Story of Corrie Fee NNR. 25 May 2021. Scottish Natural Heritage. 17–18.
51. Web site: The Story of Knockan Crag NNR. 25 May 2021. Scottish Natural Heritage. 11.
52. Web site: Scottish National Heritage. 20 June 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121014131520/http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/B907229.pdf. 2012-10-14.
53. Web site: Rassal Ashwood NNR De-declarationArchived. tellmescotland.gov.uk. 2014-03-31. 2018-06-01.
54. Web site: Protected area notices. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2018-05-18. 2018-06-01.