Myxoxanthophyll Explained
Myxoxanthophyll is a carotenoid glycoside pigment present (usually as rhamnosides) in the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria.[1] It is named after the word "Myxophyceae", a former term for cyanobacteria. As a monocyclic xanthophyll, it has a yellowish color. It is required for normal cell wall structure and thylakoid organization in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis.[2] The pigment is unusual because it is glycosylated on the 2'-OH rather than the 1'-OH position of the molecule.[3] Myxoxanthophyll was first isolated from Oscillatoria rubenscens in 1936.[4]
Synthesis
The bright red pigment lycopene is the acyclic precursor of all carotenoids in cyanobacteria. In myxoxanthophyll synthesis, lycopene is enzymatically converted to 1-hydroxylycoprene, then to intermediates 1'-hydroxy-y-carotene, plectaniaxanthin, and myxol. Finally, the hydroxyl group in myxol is glycosylated at the 2' position to form myxoxanthophyll.
Notes and References
- Web site: myxoxanthophyll: definition of myxoxanthophyll in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US) . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140944/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/myxoxanthophyll . dead . September 24, 2015 . Oxford Dictionaries . 2015 . Oxford University Press . 1 September 2015.
- Mohamed HE, van de Meene AM, Roberson RW, Vermaas WF . Myxoxanthophyll is required for normal cell wall structure and thylakoid organization in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 . J. Bacteriol. . 187 . 20 . 6883–92 . 2005 . 16199557 . 1251633 . 10.1128/JB.187.20.6883-6892.2005 .
- Graham JE, Bryant DA . The biosynthetic pathway for myxol-2' fucoside (myxoxanthophyll) in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. . J Bacteriol . 2009 . 191 . 10 . 3292–300 . 19304845 . 10.1128/JB.00050-09 . 2687168 .
- Engel JA, Jerlhag E, Svensson L, Smith RG, Egecioglu E . Blockade of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A signaling by JMV 2959 attenuates the NMDAR antagonist, phencyclidine-induced impairments in prepulse inhibition. . Psychopharmacology . 2015 . 232 . 23 . 4285–4292 . 26319159 . 10.1007/s00213-015-4054-3 . 4613889.