Myocardin Explained

Myocardin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOCD gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Myocardin is a smooth muscle and cardiac muscle-specific transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor. When expressed ectopically in nonmuscle cells, myocardin can induce smooth muscle differentiation by its association with serum response factor (SRF; MIM 600589).[supplied by OMIM]

Further reading

• Du KL, Ip HS, Li J, etal . Myocardin is a critical serum response factor cofactor in the transcriptional program regulating smooth muscle cell differentiation. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 7 . 2425–37 . 2003 . 12640126 . 10.1128/MCB.23.7.2425-2437.2003 . 150745 .
• Wang Z, Wang DZ, Pipes GC, Olson EN . Myocardin is a master regulator of smooth muscle gene expression. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 100 . 12 . 7129–34 . 2003 . 12756293 . 10.1073/pnas.1232341100 . 165841 . 2003PNAS..100.7129W . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Du KL, Chen M, Li J, etal . Megakaryoblastic leukemia factor-1 transduces cytoskeletal signals and induces smooth muscle cell differentiation from undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 17 . 17578–86 . 2004 . 14970199 . 10.1074/jbc.M400961200 . free .
• Wang Z, Wang DZ, Hockemeyer D, etal . Myocardin and ternary complex factors compete for SRF to control smooth muscle gene expression. . Nature . 428 . 6979 . 185–9 . 2004 . 15014501 . 10.1038/nature02382 . 2004Natur.428..185W . 4408041 .
• van Tuyn J, Knaän-Shanzer S, van de Watering MJ, etal . Activation of cardiac and smooth muscle-specific genes in primary human cells after forced expression of human myocardin. . Cardiovasc. Res. . 67 . 2 . 245–55 . 2006 . 15907818 . 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.04.013 . free .
• Liu ZP, Wang Z, Yanagisawa H, Olson EN . Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells through interaction of Foxo4 and myocardin. . Dev. Cell . 9 . 2 . 261–70 . 2005 . 16054032 . 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.05.017 . free .
• Doi H, Iso T, Yamazaki M, etal . HERP1 inhibits myocardin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation by interfering with SRF binding to CArG box. . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 25 . 11 . 2328–34 . 2006 . 16151017 . 10.1161/01.ATV.0000185829.47163.32 . free .
• Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, etal . DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. . Nature . 440 . 7087 . 1045–9 . 2006 . 16625196 . 10.1038/nature04689 . 2610434 . 2006Natur.440.1045Z .
• Chow N, Bell RD, Deane R, etal . Serum response factor and myocardin mediate arterial hypercontractility and cerebral blood flow dysregulation in Alzheimer's phenotype. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 104 . 3 . 823–8 . 2007 . 17215356 . 10.1073/pnas.0608251104 . 1783398 . 2007PNAS..104..823C . free .
• Milyavsky M, Shats I, Cholostoy A, etal . Inactivation of myocardin and p16 during malignant transformation contributes to a differentiation defect. . Cancer Cell . 11 . 2 . 133–46 . 2007 . 17292825 . 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.022 . free .
• Li HJ, Haque Z, Lu Q, etal . Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a coactivator for myocardin, the regulator of smooth muscle transcription and differentiation. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 104 . 10 . 4065–70 . 2007 . 17360478 . 10.1073/pnas.0611639104 . 1820709 . 2007PNAS..104.4065L . free .
• Pijnappels DA, van Tuyn J, de Vries AA, etal . Resynchronization of separated rat cardiomyocyte fields with genetically modified human ventricular scar fibroblasts. . Circulation . 116 . 18 . 2018–28 . 2007 . 17938287 . 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.712935 . free .

Notes and References

1. Wang D, Chang PS, Wang Z, Sutherland L, Richardson JA, Small E, Krieg PA, Olson EN . Activation of cardiac gene expression by myocardin, a transcriptional cofactor for serum response factor . Cell . 105 . 7 . 851–62 . Jul 2001 . 11439182 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00404-4 . 3762021 . free .
2. Wang DZ, Li S, Hockemeyer D, Sutherland L, Wang Z, Schratt G, Richardson JA, Nordheim A, Olson EN . Potentiation of serum response factor activity by a family of myocardin-related transcription factors . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 99 . 23 . 14855–60 . Nov 2002 . 12397177 . 137508 . 10.1073/pnas.222561499 . 2002PNAS...9914855W . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MYOCD myocardin.