Municipalities of Puerto Rico explained

Municipalities of Puerto Rico
Territory:	Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Current Number:	78
Population Range:	From 1,818 pop. in Culebra to 395,326 pop. in San Juan
Area Range:	From in Cataño to in Arecibo
Government:	Mayor–council government
Subdivision:	Barrio

The municipalities of Puerto Rico (Spanish: municipios de Puerto Rico) are the second-level administrative divisions in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. There are 78 such administrative divisions covering all 78 incorporated towns and cities. Each municipality is led by a mayor and divided into barrios, third-level administrative divisions, though the latter are not vested with any political authority. Every municipality is governed as stated by the Autonomous Municipalities Act of 1991, which establishes that every municipality must have an elected strong mayor with a municipal legislature as the form of government. Each legislature must be unicameral, with the number of members related to adequate representation of the total population of the municipality. In contrast to other jurisdictions, both the mayors and the municipal legislators are elected on the same date and for the same term of four years in office.

From a political and ekistic perspective, several differences and similarities exist between municipalities of differing population sizes. For instance, municipalities with 50,000 inhabitants or more are considered incorporated cities, while those with fewer than 50,000 are considered incorporated towns.^[1] Size affects the autonomy exercised by the jurisdiction: cities provide and manage their own services, while towns typically depend on nearby cities for certain services. Demographically, municipalities in Puerto Rico are equivalent to counties in the United States, and Puerto Rican municipalities are registered as county subdivisions in the United States census.^[2] Statistically, the municipality with the largest number of inhabitants is San Juan, with 342,259, while Culebra is the smallest, with around 1,792. Arecibo is the largest in terms of geography, with around 125 mi², and Cataño the smallest, with around 4.8 mi².^[3]

All municipalities have a barrio called pueblo proper, officially called barrio-pueblo (literally "district-town"), which typically is the site of the historic Spanish colonial settlement, administrative center and urban core of the municipality.^[4] However, municipalities with large populations may have an urban core that consist of several barrios.

Overview

See also: Puerto Rico statistical areas. In Recent Civic Architecture in Porto Rico by Adrian C. Finlayson, architect for the Insular Department of the Interior Architecture, writing for the publication Architectural Record in 1920, the Puerto Rican municipality is accurately described as:

Having been a Spanish possession until 1898, the system of local government in Puerto Rico bears more resemblance to that of the Hispanophone nations of the Americas than to local government in the United States. Thus, there are no literal first-order administrative divisions akin to counties, as defined by the U.S. Federal Government. Instead, Puerto Rico has 78 municipalities as the secondary unit of administration.^[5] For U.S. Census purposes, the municipalities are considered county equivalents. The municipalities are grouped into eight electoral districts, but these do not possess administrative functions. In 1991, the Autonomous Municipalities Act was passed, which slightly modified the rights and responsibilities of Puerto Rican municipalities with the aim of decentralizing control and improving government services.^[6]

Every municipality is composed of barrios, except for Florida, which has only one barrio. The municipality of Ponce has the largest number of barrios, 31.^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}

Every municipality, except San Juan, also has an urban area made up of one or more barrios.^[12] When the urban area is made up of only one barrio, it is called "Barrio Pueblo". Some urban areas are made up of multiple barrios: Ponce's urban area, for example, is made up of 12 barrios. All of San Juan's barrios are urban barrios, and the municipality of San Juan is composed of urban barrios only - thus, the entire municipality of San Juan consists of one large urban zone.^[13]

Municipalities

For a list of municipal demonyms

Puerto Rico is administratively divided into the following 78 municipalities (alphabetically ordered):

Municipalities of Puerto Rico
Name	Location	Flag	Coat of Arms	Title	! style="font-size: 85%"	FIPS code^[14]	Population (2020)	Population (2010)^[15]	Area^[16]	Founded	Barrios
				Town		18,020				List
				Town		38,136				List
				City		55,101				List
				Town		24,223				List
				Town		24,637				List
				Town		25,596				List
				City		87,754				List
				Town		15,843				List
				Town		22,657				List
				Town		28,983				List
				City		185,187				List
				Town		47,158				List
				City		127,244				List
				Town		32,827				List
				Town		42,337				List
				City		154,815				List
				Town		23,155				List
				Town		41,652				List
				Town		11,307				List
				Town		16,984				List
				Town		39,970				List
				Town		34,668				List
				Town		18,883				List
				Town		34,571				List
				Town		1,792				List
				Town		35,879				List
				Town		32,124				List
				Town		11,692				List
				Town		13,787				List
				Town		36,614				List
				Town		17,784				List
				City		89,780				List
				Town		40,622				List
				Town		38,486				List
				Town		15,654				List
				City		50,896				List
				Town		42,943				List
				Town		14,779				List
				Town		46,538				List
				Town		37,012				List
				Town		23,334				List
				Town		28,105				List
				Town		8,874				List
				Town		35,180				List
				Town		23,693				List
				Town		17,781				List
				Town		39,492				List
				Town		4,755				List
				Town		10,589				List
				City		73,077				List
				Town		37,460				List
				Town		28,727				List
				Town		23,386				List
				Town		29,241				List
				Town		21,434				List
				Town		15,985				List
				Town		20,399				List
				City		137,491				List
				Town		23,638				List
				Town		15,187				List
				Town		47,060				List
				Town		22,729				List
				Town		25,789				List
				Town		31,879				List
				City		342,259			^[17]	List
				Town		37,693				List
				Town		39,345				List
				Town		20,281				List
				City		66,852				List
				City		75,293				List
				City		67,740				List
				Town		28,287				List
				Town		35,395				List
				City		54,414				List
				Town		8,249				List
				Town		22,093				List
				Town		30,412				List
				Town		34,172				List

Most populated municipalities

Racial composition

The following is an alphabetical list of the municipalities and their population together with a breakdown of their racial composition.

Municipality (2020)	White (both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)^[18] ^[19]	Black (Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)^[20]	Amerindian (Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)	Asian (Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)	Two or more races or some other race (Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)	Hispanic (Of any Race)
	22.2	3.4	4.2	0.1	65.1	99.7
	22.7	4.1	3.0	0.2	63.5	99.3
	21.0	4.1	3.5	0.2	62.9	98.4
	14.5	7.2	3.3	0.3	61.4	99.5
	19.4	5.4	3.3	0.1	64.8	99.1
	18.4	5.7	3.4	0.2	63.9	99.0
	19.0	4.6	2.2	0.2	66.6	99.3
	11.5	12.5	1.9	0.4	60.4	99.1
	15.8	4.1	2.4	0.2	67.4	99.5
	20.8	5.2	2.1	0.1	66.2	99.7
	17.9	6.2	3.0	0.3	62.5	99.0
	20.3	3.8	2.8	0.2	65.7	98.8
	15.9	6.3	3.1	0.3	63.9	99.2
	22.7	3.8	3.0	0.1	64.2	99.1
	13.4	15.1	2.6	0.3	50.3	99.3
	14.2	11.6	2.6	0.4	55.5	98.5
	13.0	8.2	2.9	0.3	62.0	99.0
	17.4	6.3	2.5	0.2	65.3	99.4
	16.0	9.8	2.6	0.4	57.2	98.2
	20.8	2.9	2.1	0.3	69.6	99.5
	19.5	6.8	2.7	0.1	62.6	99.5
	20.0	7.4	2.8	0.2	61.6	99.4
	16.9	6.4	4.1	0.2	63.3	99.6
	19.8	3.7	2.5	0.2	67.7	99.5
	17.7	8.0	1.7	1.1	51.8	89.2
	17.6	7.5	3.1	0.6	58.1	96.6
	14.5	9.3	2.5	0.4	61.3	98.2
	13.8	2.1	1.4	0.3	74.9	99.5
	17.1	5.2	2.7	0.2	67.2	99.1
	19.0	9.6	2.6	0.2	56.6	99.3
	18.1	5.1	3.6	0.1	64.7	99.6
	17.2	4.8	2.6	0.4	66.2	97.9
	15.2	7.1	3.3	0.2	61.8	99.2
	21.2	3.5	2.5	0.2	66.1	99.2
	18.8	5.1	2.8	0.2	65.0	99.2
	13.5	8.8	2.5	0.3	62.4	98.0
	17.5	4.0	2.4	0.2	67.1	98.7
	23.3	2.4	3.3	0.1	65.8	99.5
	14.5	8.0	2.7	0.2	63.8	99.5
	13.0	9.3	2.9	0.2	61.0	99.4
	18.9	4.1	2.6	0.2	67.4	99.3
	20.5	2.2	2.5	0.1	70.1	99.3
	17.2	3.5	3.1	0.3	69.4	99.2
	15.6	8.3	2.9	0.2	60.3	99.4
	5.8	31.8	1.6	0.2	27.7	99.4
	17.2	12.1	2.7	0.3	54.1	97.1
	17.1	4.3	2.2	0.2	67.8	99.3
	22.2	7.8	3.7	0.5	61.0	99.5
	9.1	16.7	2.0	0.2	56.0	99.4
	19.7	4.6	3.0	0.3	63.2	98.7
	17.0	3.1	2.6	0.1	70.8	99.6
	19.1	3.4	2.5	0.2	69.4	99.6
	13.3	9.2	2.4	0.2	63.2	99.2
	20.7	6.4	3.3	0.2	61.0	99.6
	16.3	5.3	6.4	0.2	62.6	99.6
	15.9	12.3	2.6	0.2	57.2	99.3
	23.1	6.7	3.8	0.1	57.2	99.5
	19.0	4.9	3.0	0.3	64.4	99.1
	25.4	3.4	3.2	0.2	62.6	99.2
	21.4	5.9	4.9	0.2	58.5	94.9
	14.7	14.7	2.6	0.3	50.4	98.8
	19.9	4.0	2.4	0.2	66.6	99.4
	16.3	9.8	3.8	0.2	57.6	99.2
	18.5	4.6	3.8	0.3	64.1	99.2
	14.4	8.2	2.7	0.5	60.2	97.8
	14.0	6.6	2.7	0.2	66.0	99.5
	19.2	2.1	2.9	0.1	70.4	99.4
	15.7	8.2	2.6	0.2	60.8	99.4
	16.2	5.8	2.7	0.2	65.8	99.4
	16.3	10.1	2.2	0.3	59.1	99.0
	14.2	8.0	2.3	0.2	62.6	99.1
	21.6	2.4	4.0	0.2	66.3	99.2
	12.4	7.3	2.4	0.3	66.6	98.8
	18.5	6.4	3.5	0.2	61.2	99.3
	18.8	15.2	2.6	0.4	52.2	92.0
	15.5	6.2	2.9	0.2	65.4	99.6
	16.5	9.7	2.6	0.2	60.6	99.4
	21.4	4.7	3.2	0.2	63.5	99.4
Puerto Rico	17.1	7.0	2.8	0.3	62.3	98.9

Politics

See main article: Mayors in Puerto Rico.

The municipalities elect a mayor and a municipal legislature in the general elections every four years.

Finances

In 2012, 36 of the 78 municipalities (46%) were experiencing a budget deficit.^[21] In total, the combined debt carried by the municipalities stands at about US$590 million.

Population! style="text-align: right"

Surplus or deficit^[22]	Surplus or deficit per capita	Public debt	Public debt per capita
Adjuntas	PNP	19,483	$ 525,858	$ 26.99	$	$
Aguada	PPD	41,959	$ 2,209,807	$ 52.67	$	$
Aguadilla	PNP	60,949	$ 10,220,728	$ 167.69	$	$
Aguas Buenas	PPD	28,659	$ (1,638,355)	$ (57.17)	$ 9,183,000	$ 320.42
Aibonito	PNP	25,900	$ 681,875	$ 26.33	$	$
data-sort-value="Anasco"	Añasco	PPD	29,261	$ 2,074,042	$ 70.88	$	$
Arecibo	PNP	96,440	$ (17,784,327)	$ (184.41)	$ 63,403,451	$ 657.44
Arroyo	PPD	19,575	$ (390,219)	$ (19.93)	$ 10,521,000	$ 537.47
Barceloneta	PPD	24,816	$ (8,833,426)	$ (355.96)	$ 59,354,780	$ 2,391.79
Barranquitas	PNP	30,318	$ 6,673,615	$ 220.12	$	$
Bayamón	PNP	208,116	$ 4,179,967	$ 20.08	$ 243,233,534	$ 1,168.74
Cabo Rojo	PPD	50,917	$ (60,841)	$ (1.19)	$ 35,561,000	$ 698.41
Caguas	PPD	142,893	$ 16,938,668	$ 118.54	$ 267,248,251	$ 1,870.27
Camuy	PNP	35,159	$ (1,810,542)	$ (51.50)	$ 11,603,000	$ 330.02
Canóvanas	PNP	47,648	$ 203,324	$ 4.27	$	$
Carolina	PPD	176,762	$ 32,757,250	$ 185.32	$ 350,605,890	$ 1,983.49
Cataño	PPD	28,140	$ (11,320,761)	$ (402.30)	$ 47,386,000	$ 1,683.94
Cayey	PPD	48,119	$ 7,544,584	$ 156.79	$	$
Ceiba	PNP	13,631	$ 1,833,525	$ 134.51	$	$
Ciales	PPD	18,782	$ (5,465,145)	$ (290.98)	$ 9,829,100	$ 523.33
Cidra	PNP	43,480	$ (1,053,391)	$ (24.23)	$ 29,445,000	$ 677.21
Coamo	PPD	40,512	$ 1,672,291	$ 41.28	$	$
Comerío	PPD	20,778	$ 188,417	$ 9.07	$	$
Corozal	PPD	37,142	$ 854,163	$ 23.00	$	$
Culebra	PPD	1,818	$ 802,707	$ 441.53	$	$
Dorado	PPD	38,165	$ 2,620,615	$ 68.67	$	$
Fajardo	PNP	36,993	$ 17,821,689	$ 481.76	$	$
Florida	PNP	12,680	$ (1,619,740)	$ (127.74)	$ 3,702,000	$ 291.96
Guánica	PNP	19,427	$ (5,319,384)	$ (273.81)	$ 8,815,000	$ 453.75
Guayama	PPD	45,362	$ 1,987,097	$ 43.81	$	$
Guayanilla	PPD	21,581	$ (2,706,166)	$ (125.40)	$ 16,818,000	$ 779.30
Guaynabo	PNP	97,924	$ 8,216,448	$ 83.91	$ 290,116,691	$ 2,962.67
Gurabo	PNP	45,369	$ (5,797,927)	$ (127.79)	$ 46,390,045	$ 1,022.51
Hatillo	PPD	41,953	$ (1,024,986)	$ (24.43)	$ 15,456,830	$ 368.43
Hormigueros	PPD	17,250	$ 1,288,509	$ 74.70	$	$
Humacao	PPD	58,466	$ 11,360,216	$ 194.30	$	$
Isabela	PPD	45,631	$ 24,738,813	$ 542.15	$ 16,397,000	$ 359.34
Jayuya	PPD	16,642	$ 629,946	$ 37.85	$	$
Juana Díaz	PPD	79,897	$ 32,789,400	$ 97.89	$ 22,005,000	$ 433.62
Juncos	PPD	40,290	$ (2,994,898)	$ (74.33)	$ 44,404,819	$ 1,102.13
Lajas	PPD	25,753	$ (1,988,168)	$ (77.20)	$ 11,075,000	$ 430.05
Lares	PNP	30,753	$ (3,361,629)	$ (109.31)	$ 5,339,000	$ 173.61
Las Marías	PPD	9,881	$ 660,746	$ 66.87	$	$
Las Piedras	PNP	38,675	$ 362,063	$ 9.36	$	$
Loíza	PNP	30,060	$ (3,171,401)	$ (105.50)	$ 9,207,000	$ 306.29
Luquillo	PPD	20,068	$ 1,646,739	$ 82.06	$	$
Manatí	PNP	44,113	$ (12,622,526)	$ (286.14)	$ 52,688,487	$ 1,194.40
Maricao	PNP	6,276	$ (1,812,106)	$ (288.74)	$ 10,928,300	$ 1,741.28
Maunabo	PPD	12,225	$ (2,678,351)	$ (219.09)	$ 8,600,000	$ 703.48
Mayagüez	PPD	89,080	$ 10,816,117	$ 121.42	$	$
Moca	PNP	40,109	$ 632,570	$ 15.77	$	$
Morovis	PNP	32,610	$ (3,742,360)	$ (114.76)	$ 20,239,020	$ 620.64
Naguabo	PNP	26,720	$ (3,737,140)	$ (139.86)	$ 7,905,100	$ 295.85
Naranjito	PNP	30,402	$ 1,581,161	$ 52.01	$	$
Orocovis	PNP	23,423	$ 367,461	$ 15.69	$	$
Patillas	PPD	19,277	$ (6,001,248)	$ (311.32)	$ 17,179,000	$ 891.17
Peñuelas	PPD	24,282	$ 4,106,788	$ 169.13	$	$
Ponce	PNP	166,327	$ (18,480,789)	$ (111.11)	$ 190,625,905	$ 1,146.09
Quebradillas	PPD	25,919	$ 2,327,410	$ 89.80	$	$
Rincón	PPD	15,200	$ 1,992,326	$ 131.07	$	$
Río Grande	PPD	54,304	$ (4,147,852)	$ (76.38)	$ 32,059,000	$ 590.36
Sabana Grande	PPD	25,265	$ (2,835,535)	$ (112.23)	$ 10,176,423	$ 402.79
Salinas	PPD	31,078	$ (8,546,853)	$ (275.01)	$ 14,650,000	$ 471.39
San Germán	PPD	35,527	$ 760,077	$ 21.39	$	$
San Juan	PPD	395,326	$ (45,455,571)	$ (114.98)	$ 668,238,329	$ 1,690.35
San Lorenzo	PPD	41,058	$ (2,998,994)	$ (73.04)	$ 27,034,000	$ 658.43
San Sebastián	PNP	42,430	$ 2,296,524	$ 54.13	$	$
Santa Isabel	PNP	23,274	$ (3,900,907)	$ (167.61)	$ 23,273,736	$ 999.99
Toa Alta	PPD	74,066	$ (3,387,399)	$ (45.73)	$ 33,140,000	$ 447.44
Toa Baja	PNP	89,609	$ (10,543,311)	$ (117.66)	$ 116,363,919	$ 1,298.57
Trujillo Alto	PPD	74,842	$ (1,736,394)	$ (23.20)	$ 55,516,000	$ 741.78
Utuado	PPD	33,149	$ (3,007,984)	$ (90.74)	$ 8,174,000	$ 246.58
Vega Alta	PNP	39,951	$ 3,408,501	$ 85.32	$	$
Vega Baja	PPD	59,662	$ (1,849,612)	$ (31.00)	$ 44,303,000	$ 742.57
Vieques	PPD	9,301	$ (6,672,774)	$ (717.43)	$ 12,420,100	$ 1,335.35
Villalba	PPD	26,073	$ (2,228,520)	$ (85.47)	$ 9,969,216	$ 382.36
Yabucoa	PPD	37,941	$ (2,216,509)	$ (58.42)	$ 17,394,380	$ 458.46
Yauco	PNP	42,043	$ (5,049,263)	$ (120.10)	$ 39,904,000	$ 949.12

Proposed amalgamation

Multiple times, politicians have discussed and proposed consolidating Puerto Rico's municipalities but so far no proposals has been adopted. In 1902 the Puerto Rico legislature, under pressure from the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, passed a law consolidating the then-76 municipalities of Puerto Rico into 46.^[23] The law was repealed three years later.^{[24] [25]} In October 2009, a Puerto Rican legislator proposed a bill that would reduce the current 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico down to 20. The bill called for a referendum to take place on June 13, 2010, which would let the people decide on the matter.^[26] However, the bill never made into law.^[27] With the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis that emerged in the first half of 2010s, a new plan to consolidate municipalities was again circulated in the legislature in 2017 as a way to alleviate the government debt crisis.^{[28] [29]} In March 2019, then Governor Ricardo Rosselló created an initiative that would preserve the existing municipalities but create regional consolidation by sharing service overhead in the form of counties but he resigned prior to anything coming of his proposal.^[30]

External links

• CIA World Factbook - Puerto Rico
• Municipalities on the west coast of Puerto Rico
• Diario de Puerto Rico official website

Notes and References

1. News: Puerto Rico: la isla de los 900 barrios . Héctor . Sánchez Martínez . . October 10, 2012 . es . 1506 . 36.
2. Web site: Puerto Rico . 2022-03-11 . Census.gov.
3. Web site: Puerto Rico Population Declined 11.8% From 2010 to 2020 . 2022-03-11 . Census.gov.
4. Book: José A. Mari Mut . Los pueblos de Puerto Rico y las iglesias de sus plazas . 2013-08-28.
5. Web site: Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios. . LexJuris de Puerto Rico . es . 2021-06-15.
6. http://www.oslpr.org/download/en/1998/0066.pdf An Act: To amend Sections 1 and 2 of Act No. 100 of June 27, 1956
7. http://www.elsuralavista.com/periodico/?p=10978 Historia de Nuestros Barrios: Portugués, Ponce.
8. http://www.salonhogar.com/est_soc/pr/pueblos/ponce/index.htm Ponce.
9. http://www.enciclopediapr.org/ing/print_version.cfm?ref=09012901 "Ponce: General Information."
10. http://areciboweb.50megs.com/pr/ponce.html Ponce Puerto Rico.
11. https://books.google.com/books?id=O7uh8WbWj1oC&pg=PA113 Un Acercamiento Sociohistorico y Linguistico a los Toponimos del Municipio de Ponce, Puerto Rico.
12. https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/cs_metadata.html Cartographic Boundary Files.
13. Web site: dead . Areas in Puerto Rico Eligible for Rural Housing Loans: Barrios, Towns and Villages . https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105749/http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/SupportDocuments/PR_Eligible%20Areas.pdf . 2014-05-31 . U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rural Development . 8 . 2 June 2010 . 21 October 2012.
14. Web site: EPA County FIPS Code Listing . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2008-02-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121008031308/http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/codes/pr.html . 2012-10-08 . dead .
15. 
    Web site: U.S. Census Bureau. July 26, 2013.
16. Web site: U.S. Census Bureau geography . August 31, 2011.
17. https://web.archive.org/web/20061206230620/http://www.nps.gov/archive/saju/morro.html El Morro.
18. News: 2010 Census . Medgar Evers College . 2010-04-13 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100611082314/http://2010.census.gov/partners/materials/factsheets-pr.php . 2010-06-11 .
19. http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table US Census Bureau: Table QT-P10 Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010
20. http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table United States Census
21. News: Extensa la lista de los municipios con déficit . Brenda . Vázquez . es . . Metro Puerto Rico . November 16, 2012 . September 29, 2013 .
22. Web site: Indicadores Socioeconómicos Municipales . . August 12, 2013 . September 29, 2013 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20130925183003/http://www.ocpr.gov.pr/map/indice_socioeconomico.htm . 2013-09-25 . dead .
23. http://www.elsuralavista.com/periodico/?p=4642 Historia de Nuestros Barrios: Barrio Lapa, Salinas.
24. http://www.enciclopediapr.org/ing/article.cfm?ref=09042301&page=3 Guayanilla. Encyclopedia Puerto Rico.
25. http://www.elsuralavista.com/periodico/?p=4642 Historia de Nuestros Barrios: Lapa, Salinas.
26. http://www.primerahora.com/diario/noticia/politica/noticias/legislador_propone_reducir_a_20_los_78_municipios_de_puerto_rico/335323 Legislador propone reducir a 20 los 78 municipios de Puerto Rico.
27. http://www.noticel.com/noticia/124884/los-municipios-autonomos-llegan-a-la-mayoria-de-edad-documento.html Los municipios autónomos llegan a la mayoría de edad (documento).
28. http://www.primerahora.com/noticias/gobierno-politica/nota/lidereslegislativosponenfrenoalaeliminaciondemunicipios-1238426/ Líderes legislativos ponen freno a la eliminación de municipios.
29. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2016/05/16/presentan-proyecto-consolidar-58-municipios-20.html Presentan proyecto para consolidar 58 municipios en 20.
30. https://caribbeanbusiness.com/puerto-rico-gov-to-introduce-measure-to-consolidate-puerto-rico-into-counties/ Puerto Rico governor to introduce measure to consolidate Puerto Rico into Counties