Mucosal melanoma explained

Mucosal Melanoma
Pronounce:\ myü-ˈkō-zəl, \ ˌme-lə-ˈnō-mə
Field:oncology, pathology, dermatology, gynecology, gastroenterology
Symptoms:malaise, fatigue, bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, nose bleeds, skin discoloration, itching, discharge, ulcers, anosmia, hyposmia, skin irritation, canker sores, bloody stools, bloody urine, gum disease, rosacea
Complications:distant and/or microscopic metastasis
Types:mucosal melanoma of the head and neck, vulvar melanoma, vaginal melanoma, anorectal melanoma
Causes:smoking, carcinogens, genetics, chemicals, CID, HIV
Diagnosis:biopsy, colonoscopy
Treatment:radiation, chemotherapy, surgery

Mucosal melanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising from the skin.[1] [2] Mucosal melanomas occur in the head and neck (55%), anorectal (24%) and vulvovaginal region (18%), and in the urinary tract (3%).[3] Based on the histopathologic and clinical features, melanomas of the vulva and vagina are often considered a separate disease entity.[4] The prognosis of vulvovaginal melanomas is poor, especially for vaginal melanomas and has not improved over the last decades.[5] While chemotherapy has not shown capacity to improve survival in clinical and observational studies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab) have been tested in mucosal melanomas and have shown promising response rates.[6] [7]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: James, William D. . Berger, Timothy G.. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology . Saunders Elsevier . 2006 . 978-0-7216-2921-6 . etal.
  2. Book: Rapini, Ronald P. . Bolognia, Jean L. . Jorizzo, Joseph L. . Dermatology: 2-Volume Set . Mosby . St. Louis . 2007 . 978-1-4160-2999-1 .
  3. Chang AE, Karnell LH, Menck HR . The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. . Cancer . October 1998 . 83 . 8 . 1664–78 . 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-g . 9781962. 2027.42/34348 . 21472766 . free .
  4. Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I . Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective. . Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft . December 2019 . 17 . 12 . 1257–1276 . 10.1111/ddg.13995. 6972795 . 31829526. free .
  5. Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I, May T, Vicus D, Gien LT, Laframboise S . Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients. . American Journal of Clinical Dermatology . November 2019 . 21 . 2 . 285–295 . 10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x . 7125071 . 31784896. free .
  6. Hamid. Omid. Robert. Caroline. Ribas. Antoni. Hodi. F. Stephen. Walpole. Euan. Daud. Adil. Arance. Ana S.. Brown. Ewan. Hoeller. Christoph. Mortier. Laurent. Schachter. Jacob. September 2018. Antitumour activity of pembrolizumab in advanced mucosal melanoma: a post-hoc analysis of KEYNOTE-001, 002, 006. British Journal of Cancer. 119. 6. 670–674. 10.1038/s41416-018-0207-6. 1532-1827. 6173747. 30202085.
  7. Wohlmuth. Christoph. Wohlmuth-Wieser. Iris. Laframboise. Stéphane. 2020-11-24. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 25 . 2 . 146–151 . 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. 1526-0976. 33252450. 7984764.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mucosal melanoma".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.