Kalanchoe delagoensis explained

Kalanchoe delagoensis, formerly known as Bryophyllum delagoense and commonly called mother of millions or chandelier plant, is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. Like other members of Bryophyllum (now included in Kalanchoe[1]), it is able to propagate vegetatively from plantlets that develop on its leaf margins.

Description

It is a robust, completely bare, biennial or more or less perennial, succulent plant that reaches heights of between 0.2 and 2 meters. The upright stems are simple and round. The three-seated, seemingly opposite or alternate leaves are usually upright to straight when spread out. They are slightly cylindrical, a little rutty on the top and reach a length of 1 to 13 centimeters with a diameter of 2 to 6 millimeters. The leaf blade narrowed at the base is reddish-green to gray-green with reddish brown spots. At the tip of the leaf margin there are two to nine small teeth on which there are numerous brood buds.

Inflorescences

The compact, multi-flowered inflorescences form thyrses 10 to 25 centimeters long. The slender flower stalk is between 6 and 20 millimeters long. The hermaphrodite flowers are hanging. The reddish to green and red-striped petals are fused together like a bell. The 2.5 to 6 millimeter long corolla tube ends in sharply pointed, triangular-lanceolate corolla lobes 5 to 10 millimeters long and 3.7 to 5.7 millimeters wide. The stamens are attached below the center of the corolla tube and do not protrude beyond the tube. The 2 to 2.5 millimeters large anthers are egg-shaped. The nectar flakes, 0.7 to 2 centimeters long are half-round to square with a rounded tip. The oval-elongated carpel is 5.5 to 6.5 millimeters long. The stylus has a length of about 2 millimeters.

The upright follicles contain seeds with a diameter of 0.6 to 2.5 millimeters.

Invasive species

This species' capability for vegetative reproduction, its drought tolerance, and its popularity as a garden plant, relate to this species' becoming an invasive weed in places such as eastern Australia, South Africa[2] and many Pacific islands. In the Neotropics hummingbirds sometimes pollinate this non-native plant.[3]

Kalanchoe delagoensis is unwelcome because it displaces native plants and contains bufadienolide cardiac glycosides[4] which can cause fatal poisoning, particularly in grazing animals like cattle.[5] During 1997, 125 head of cattle died after eating this species on a travelling stock reserve near Moree, NSW.[6]

In the Australian states of New South Wales[7] and Queensland,[8] this species and its hybrids have been declared a noxious weed.

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.. 2020-10-14. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science.
  2. Web site: Invasive Species South Africa, Chandelier plant .
  3. For example sapphire-spangled emerald (Amazilia lactea) in Brazil (Baza Mendonça & dos Anjos 2005)
  4. [Bryotoxin]
  5. McKenzie & Dunster (1986), McKenzie et al. (1987)
  6. Web site: les tanner . North West Weeds . Northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au . 2013-02-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090621015741/http://northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au/mother_of_millions.htm . 2009-06-21 .
  7. Web site: The New South Wales Government WeedWise Resource .
  8. Web site: The Queensland Government Resource on invasive plants .