Algerian mandole explained

Algerian mandole
Background:	string
Names:	mandole, mondol
Classification:	string
Hornbostel Sachs:	(flat-backed)
Hornbostel Sachs Desc:	Chordophone with permanently attached resonator and neck, sounded by fingers or plectrum
Inventors:	Jean Bélido and El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka
Developed:	1930s in Algeria in tradition of mandola and mandolin
Articles:	Music of Algeria, Chaabi music, Music of Kabyle people, Andalusian classical music, Andalusi nubah, Nuubaat

The Algerian mandole (mandol, mondol) is a steel-string fretted instrument resembling an elongated mandolin, widely used in Algerian music such as Chaabi, Kabyle music and Nuubaat (Andalusian classical music).^{[1] [2] [3]}

The name can cause confusion, as "mandole" is a French word for mandola, the instrument from which the Algerian mandole developed. The Algerian mandole is not however a mandola, but a mandocello sized instrument.

The instrument has also been called a "mandoluth" when describing the instrument played by the Algerian-French musician, Hakim Hamadouche.^[4] However, the luthier for one of Hakim's instruments describes it as a French: mondole.^[5]

Structure

The Algerian mandole is a stringed instrument, with an almond shaped body, built in a box like a guitar, but almond shaped like the mandola with a flat back, raised fingerboard, and wide neck (as a guitar's).^[2] It can have eight, ten, or twelve strings in doubled courses, and may have additional frets between frets to provide quarter tones.^{[2] [6]} A variation is to have the thickest strings be single strings instead of double courses.^[7] The sound hole is typically diamond shaped, but can be round, and sometimes covered by a rosette.^[2]

Instruments have been created with a scale length of 25.5 inches (650mm), but also as long as 27 inches.^{[2] [3]} Overall instrument length is approximately 990mm (about 39 inches).^[2] Width 340mm (about 13.4 inches), depth 75mm (about 3 inches).^[2]

The scale length puts the mandole in the baritone or bass range of instruments, such as the mando-cello.^[2] The instrument can be tuned as a guitar, oud or mandocello, depending on the music it will be used to play and player preference. When tuning it as a guitar the strings will be tuned (E2) (E2) A2 A2 D3 D3 G3 G3 B3 B3 (E4) (E4).^[8] Strings in parentheses are dropped for a five or four course instrument. Using a common Arabic oud tuning D2 D2 G2 G2 A2 A2 D3 D3 (G3) (G3) (C4) (C4).^[9] For a mandocello tuning using fifths C2 C2 G2 G2 D3 D3 A3 A3 (E4) (E4).^[10]

History

The mandole was the European mandola, reborn in Algeria.^[11] The North African variant was made in 1932 by the Italian luthier Jean Bélido, following the design, conception and recommendations made by Algerian musician El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka.^[11]

El Anka, who is known for his contributions to Chaabi music, had learned to play the mandola while young.^[11] He found the mandolas used in Andalusian orchestras to be "too sharp and little amplified".^[12]

Bélido, a music teacher and luthier in Bab El Oued, changed the size of the "demi-mandole" then being played, increasing it, and changing the soundboard structure, case thickness and strings.^{[11] [12]} The instrument he created is closest to the mando-cello in the mandolin family.

Musicians

• Abderrahmane Abdelli modern style Algerian mandole player. He often incorporate instruments such as the cajón (Peru), the tormento, the quena (Chilean), and the bandura (Ukrainian).
• Amar Ezzahi^[6] skilled mandole player, was the figurehead of the Châabi music in Algiers.
• Boudjemaa El Ankis^[6] famous performer of Châabi music, who also played the mandole. He was known in Algeria for his more than 300 songs and for being imprisoned by the French from 1957 to 1960 during the Algerian War.
• Cheikh El Hasnaoui born in Béni-Zmenzer (Tizi Ouzou) famous bilingual Châabi singer.
• Dahmane El Harrachi most translated Châabi artist for his very famous song Ya Rayah.
• El Hachemi Guerouabi,^[6] born in Algiers, Master of the Châabi music.
• Lounès Matoub^[6] Born in Tizi Ouzou, famous Châabi singer. He used music as a political tool until killed.
• Mohamed Abdennour (also known as P'tit Moh) Virtuoso of the Algerian mandole.
• Mohammed Rouane, (also spelled Rowan and Rawan by translation software) Algerian musician, former guitarist of the flamenco group Mediterraneo and pioneer of Casbah Jazz.^{[13] [6]}
• Moh Alileche, born in Tizi Ouzou, 10-silk-stringed mandole performer (also known as agember in tamazight) in the San Francisco Bay Area, USA
• Takfarinas^[6] plays electric mandole that has two necks.^[13]
• Project Coast - Algerian mandole player from Wales, UK.^[14] Creates music on a mandole made by French luthier, François Baudemont.

Luthiers

• Rachid Chaffa, mandole maker for artists Guerrouabi, Amar Ezzahi, Boudjemaa El Ankis, Takfarinas and Maatoub Lounas.^[15]

Notes and References

1. Book: Marie Korpe. Shoot the singer!: music censorship today. 3 March 2012. September 2004. Zed Books. 978-1-84277-505-9. 114–.
2. Web site: mondol. . atlasofpluckedinstruments.com. 25 July 2017.
3. Web site: Re: Algerian Mandole . Marshall. Andy. 2 February 2013. mandolincafe.com. 25 July 2017 .
4. Web site: CARTE BLANCHE TO HAKIM HAMADOUCHE (21/01/2016) 20:30. . musiquerebelle.com. 10 August 2017 . (from concert poster): Hakim Hamadouche mandoluth, voix.
5. Web site: Images tagged "jearc-hakim-hamadouche". . jearc.com. Jearc Lutherie. 10 August 2017. (caption with photo of instrument): Mandole HH.
6. Web site: The Algerian Mandole. MnarviDZ. 2014. vivalalgerie.wordpress.com. 25 July 2017.
7. Web site: Mandole/Mondole Algérien fait 100% a la main par ASSIREM en Kabylie . . berberosaharan.com . 29 July 2017 . Le mandole a 9 cordons, 4 en double et un tout seul. . 30 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170730021834/http://berberosaharan.com/fr/autres-produits/947-mandole-mondole-algerien-fait-100-a-la-main-par-assirem-en-kabylie.html . dead .
8. Book: Richards, Tobe A. . The Musician's Workbook VI, Fretted Instrument Octave Designation Diagram & Charts. 4 . Guitar - Standard Tuning E2 A2 D3 G3 B3 E4.
9. Web site: Arab tuning. Parfitt. David. oud.eclipse.co.uk. 29 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170420065656/http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk/tuning.html. 20 April 2017. dead. dmy-all.
10. Web site: Thomann Algerian Mondol 10 Standard. . thomannmusic.com. 29 July 2017. tuning: C - G - D - A - E, lower width ca. 35,2cm, body length ca. 54,2cm, total length thomann ca. 104,5cm, height incl. bridge ca. 13cm, height of the sides ca. 10cm, width upper nut ca. 4,4cm, scale length 32,4cm.. https://web.archive.org/web/20170729123626/https://www.thomannmusic.com/thomann_algerian_mondol_10_standard.htm#bewertung. 2017-07-29. dead.
11. Web site: Mr Abdelkader Bendamèche répond à l'APS au sujet du mandole (Translation: Mr Abdelkader Bendamèche responds to the APS about the mandola). Bendamèche. Abdelkader . 25 July 2014 . abdelkaderbendameche.skyrock.com. 25 July 2017. ABDELKADER BENDAMECHE President of the National Council Arts and Letters, Algiers, 21 July 2014.
12. Web site: La mandole . . vitaminedz.com . 25 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170728084612/https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/la-mandole-2747070-Articles-0-18300-1.html . 28 July 2017 . dead . dmy-all .
13. Web site: Musique algérienne traditionnelle Chers instruments ! . . 9 April 2015. lesoirdalgerie.com . Le Soir d'Algérie. 25 July 2017.
14. Web site: ProjectCoast - YouTube. YouTube. 21 April 2021.
15. Web site: The Algerian Mandole . MnarviDZ. 2014 . vivalalgerie.wordpress.com. 7 August 2017. blog "Patriots on Fire".