Melchior system explained

The Melchior system, "a reference in all taxonomic courses",^[1] is a classification system detailing the taxonomic system of the Angiospermae according to A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1964),^[2] also known as "modified or updated" Engler system.

The collaborators in orders (and some families) were the following:

• Hans Melchior in Casuarinales, Juglandales, Balanopales, Leitneriales, Salicales, Fagales, Urticales, Didiereaceae, Piperales, Aristolochiales, Guttiferales, Sarraceniales, Papaverales, Hydrostachyales, Podostemonales, Julianiales, Violales, Cucurbitales, Myrtiflorae, Umbelliflorae, Primulales, Tubiflorae, Plantaginales, Liliiflorae p. p., Spathiflorae and Microspermae.
• G. Buchheim in Proteales, Cactales, Magnoliales and Ranunculales.
• W. Schultze-Motel in Santalales, Balanophorales, Medusandrales, Rhamnales, Malvales, Diapensiales, Ericales and Cyperales.
• Th. Eckardt in Polygonales, Centrospermae, Batales, Plumbaginales, Helobiae, Triuridales and Pandanales.
• G. K. Schultze-Menz in Rosales.
• H. Scholz in Geraniales, Rutales, Sapindales and Celastrales.
• G. Wagenitz in Thymelaeales, Ebenales, Oleales, Gentianales, Dipsacales and Campanulales.
• U. Hamann in Cyanastraceae, Pontederiaceae, Philydraceae, Juncales, Bromeliales and Commelinales.
• E. Potztal in Graminales, Principes, Synanthae and Scitamineae.

Latin: italic=no|subdivisio Angiospermae

classis Monocotyledoneae

ordo Helobiae

subordo Alismatineae

• Alismataceae
• Butomaceae

subordo Hydrocharitineae

• Hydrocharitaceae

subordo Scheuchzeriineae

• Scheuchzeriaceae

subordo Potamogetonineae

• Aponogetonaceae
• Juncaginaceae
• Potamogetonaceae
• Najadaceae
• Zannichelliaceae

ordo Triuridales

• Triuridaceae

ordo Liliiflorae

subordo Liliineae

• Liliaceae
• Xanthorrhoeaceae
• Stemonaceae
• Agavaceae
• Haemodoraceae
• Cyanastraceae
• Amaryllidaceae
• Hypoxidaceae
• Velloziaceae
• Taccaceae
• Dioscoreaceae

subordo Pontederiineae

• Pontederiaceae

subordo Iridineae

• Iridaceae
• Geosiridaceae

subordo Burmanniineae

• Burmanniaceae
• Corsiaceae

subordo Philydrineae

• Philydraceae

ordo Juncales

• Juncaceae
• Thurniaceae

ordo Bromeliales

• Bromeliaceae

ordo Commelinales

subordo Commelinineae

• Commelinaceae
• Xyridaceae
• Mayacaceae
• Rapateaceae

subordo Eriocaulineae

• Eriocaulaceae

subordo Restionineae

• Restionaceae
• Centrolepidaceae

subordo Flagellariineae

• Flagellariaceae

ordo Graminales

• Gramineae or Poaceae

ordo Principes

• Palmae or Arecaceae

ordo Synanthae

• Cyclanthaceae

ordo Spathiflorae

• Araceae
• Lemnaceae

ordo Pandanales

• Pandanaceae
• Sparganiaceae
• Typhaceae

ordo Cyperales

• Cyperaceae

ordo Scitamineae

• Musaceae
• Zingiberaceae
• Cannaceae
• Marantaceae
• Lowiaceae

ordo Microspermae

• Orchidaceae

classis Dicotyledoneae

subclassis Archychlamydeae

ordo Casuarinales

• Casuarinaceae

ordo Juglandales

• Myricaceae
• Juglandaceae

ordo Balanopales

• Balanopaceae

ordo Leitneriales

• Leitneriaceae
• Didymelaceae

ordo Salicales

• Salicaceae

ordo Fagales

• Betulaceae
• Fagaceae

ordo Urticales

• Rhoipteleaceae
• Ulmaceae
• Moraceae
• Urticaceae
• Eucommiaceae

ordo Proteales

• Proteaceae

ordo Santalales

subordo Santalineae

• Olacaceae
• Dipentodontaceae
• Opiliaceae
• Grubbiaceae
• Santalaceae
• Misodendraceae

subordo Loranthineae

• Loranthaceae

ordo Balanophorales

• Balanophoraceae

ordo Medusandrales

• Medusandraceae

ordo Polygonales

• Polygonaceae

ordo Centrospermae

subordo Phytolaccineae

• Phytolaccaceae
• Gyrostemonaceae
• Achatocarpaceae
• Nyctaginaceae
• Molluginaceae
• Aizoaceae

subordo Portulacineae

• Portulacaceae
• Basellaceae

subordo Caryophyllineae

• Caryophyllaceae

subordo Chenopodiineae

• Dysphaniaceae
• Chenopodiaceae
• Amaranthaceae

incertae sedis

• Didiereaceae

ordo Cactales

• Cactaceae

ordo Magnoliales

• Magnoliaceae
• Degeneriaceae
• Himantandraceae
• Winteraceae
• Annonaceae
• Eupomatiaceae
• Myristicaceae
• Canellaceae
• Schisandraceae
• Illiciaceae
• Austrobaileyaceae
• Trimeniaceae
• Amborellaceae
• Monimiaceae
• Calycanthaceae
• Gomortegaceae
• Lauraceae
• Hernandiaceae
• Tetracentraceae
• Trochodendraceae
• Eupteleaceae
• Cercidiphyllaceae

ordo Ranunculales

subordo Ranunculineae

• Ranunculaceae
• Berberidaceae
• Sargentodoxaceae
• Lardizabalaceae
• Menispermaceae

subordo Nymphaeineae

• Nymphaeaceae
• Ceratophyllaceae

ordo Piperales

• Saururaceae
• Piperaceae
• Chloranthaceae
• Lactoridaceae

ordo Aristolochiales

• Aristolochiaceae
• Rafflesiaceae
• Hydnoraceae

ordo Guttiferales

subordo Dilleniineae

• Dilleniaceae
• Paeoniaceae
• Crossosomataceae
• Medusagynaceae
• Actinidiaceae
• Eucryphiaceae

subordo Ochnineae

• Ochnaceae
• Dioncophyllaceae
• Strasburgeriaceae
• Dipterocarpaceae

subordo Theineae

• Theaceae
• Caryocaraceae
• Marcgraviaceae
• Quiinaceae
• Guttiferae or Clusiaceae

subordo Ancistrocladineae

• Ancistrocladaceae

ordo Sarraceniales

• Sarraceniaceae
• Nepenthaceae
• Droseraceae

ordo Papaverales

subordo Papaverineae

• Papaveraceae

subordo Capparineae

• Capparaceae
• Cruciferae or Brassicaceae
• Tovariaceae

subordo Resedineae

• Resedaceae

subordo Moringineae

• Moringaceae

ordo Batales

• Bataceae

ordo Rosales

subordo Hamamelidineae

• Platanaceae
• Hamamelidaceae
• Myrothamnaceae

subordo Saxifragineae

• Crassulaceae
• Cephalotaceae
• Saxifragaceae
• Brunelliaceae
• Cunoniaceae
• Davidsoniaceae
• Pittosporaceae
• Byblidaceae
• Roridulaceae
• Bruniaceae

subordo Rosineae

• Rosaceae
• Neuradaceae
• Chrysobalanaceae

subordo Leguminosineae

• Connaraceae
• Leguminosae or Fabaceae
• Krameriaceae

ordo Hydrostachyales

• Hydrostachyaceae

ordo Podostemales

• Podostemaceae

ordo Geraniales

subordo Limnanthineae

• Limnanthaceae

subordo Geraniineae

• Oxalidaceae
• Geraniaceae
• Tropaeolaceae
• Zygophyllaceae
• Linaceae
• Erythroxylaceae
• subordo Euphorbiineae
• Euphorbiaceae
• Daphniphyllaceae

ordo Rutales

subordo Rutineae

• Rutaceae
• Cneoraceae
• Simaroubaceae
• Picrodendraceae
• Burseraceae
• Meliaceae

subordo Malpighiineae

• Malpighiaceae
• Trigoniaceae
• Vochysiaceae

subordo Polygalineae

• Tremandraceae
• Polygalaceae

ordo Sapindales

subordo Coriariineae

• Coriariaceae

subordo Anacardiineae

• Anacardiaceae

subordo Sapindineae

• Aceraceae
• Bretschneideraceae
• Sapindaceae
• Hippocastanaceae
• Sabiaceae
• Melianthaceae
• Aextoxicaceae

subordo Balsamineae

• Balsaminaceae

ordo Julianiales

• Julianiaceae

ordo Celastrales

subordo Celastrineae

• Cyrillaceae
• Pentaphylacaceae
• Aquifoliaceae
• Corynocarpaceae
• Pandaceae
• Celastraceae
• Staphyleaceae
• Hippocrateaceae
• Stackhousiaceae
• Salvadoraceae

subordo Buxineae

• Buxaceae

subordo Icacinineae

• Icacinaceae
• Cardiopteridaceae

ordo Rhamnales

• Rhamnaceae
• Vitaceae
• Leeaceae

ordo Malvales

subordo Elaeocarpineae

• Elaeocarpaceae

subordo Sarcolaenineae

• Sarcolaenaceae

subordo Malvineae

• Tiliaceae
• Malvaceae
• Bombacaceae
• Sterculiaceae

subordo Scytopetalineae

• Scytopetalaceae

ordo Thymelaeales

• Family Geissolomataceae
  • Monotypic. It consists of genus Geissoloma Lindl. ex Kunth, and species Geissoloma marginatum, from Cape, South Africa.
• Family Penaeaceae from South Africa.
  • Tribe Endonemeae
    • Endonema A.Juss.
    • Glischrocolla (Endl.) A.DC.
  • Tribe Penaeeae
    • Brachysiphon A.Juss.
    • Penaea L.
    • Saltera Bullock (syn.:Sarcocolla Kunth)

Note: Sonderothamnus R.Dahlgren, 1968 is posterior to the publication of this work, and Stylapterus A.Juss. was included by G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker in Penaea.

• Family Dichapetalaceae
  • Dichapetalum Thouars
  • Gonypetalum Ule (currently syn. of Tapura)
  • Stephanopodium Poepp.
  • Tapura Aubl.
• Family Thymelaeaceae

Note: the classification of Thymelaeaceae was based on Domke 1934.^[3]

• • Subfamily Gonystyloideae (Syn.:Gonystylaceae)
    • Aetoxilon
    • Amyxa
    • Gonystylus
  • Subfamily Aquilarioideae
    • Tribe Microsemmateae
    • Tribe Solmsieae
    • Tribe Octolepideae
    • Tribe Aquilarieae
  • Subfamily Gilgiodaphnoideae (or Synandrodaphnoideae)
    • Monotypic. It consists of genus Gilgiodaphne (currently synonym of Synandrodaphne Gilg), and species Gilgiodaphne paradoxa, syn. of Synandrodaphne paradoxa, from West Africa.
  • Subfamily Thymelaeoideae
    • Tribe Dicranolepideae
    • Tribe Phalerieae
    • Tribe Daphneae
    • Tribe Thymelaeeae (Syn.:Gnidieae)
• Family Elaeagnaceae
  • Elaeagnus
  • Hippophae
  • Shepherdia

ordo Violales

subordo Flacourtiineae

• Flacourtiaceae
• Peridiscaceae
• Violaceae
• Stachyuraceae
• Scyphostegiaceae
• Turneraceae
• Malesherbiaceae
• Passifloraceae
• Achariaceae

subordo Cistineae

• Cistaceae
• Bixaceae
• Sphaerosepalaceae
• Cochlospermaceae

subordo Tamaricineae

• Tamaricaceae
• Frankeniaceae
• Elatinaceae

subordo Caricineae

• Caricaceae

subordo Loasineae

• Loasaceae

subordo Begoniineae

• Datiscaceae
• Begoniaceae

ordo Cucurbitales

• Cucurbitaceae

ordo Myrtiflorae

subordo Myrtineae

• Lythraceae
• Trapaceae
• Crypteroniaceae
• Myrtaceae
• Dialypetalanthaceae
• Sonneratiaceae
• Punicaceae
• Lecythidaceae
• Melastomataceae
• Rhizophoraceae
• Combretaceae
• Onagraceae
• Oliniaceae
• Haloragaceae
• Theligonaceae

subordo Hippuridineae

• Hippuridaceae

subordo Cynomoriineae

• Cynomoriaceae

ordo Umbelliflorae

• Alangiaceae
• Nyssaceae
• Davidiaceae
• Cornaceae
• Garryaceae
• Araliaceae
• Umbelliferae or Apiaceae

subclassis Sympetalae

ordo Diapensiales

• Diapensiaceae

ordo Ericales

• Clethraceae
• Pyrolaceae
• Ericaceae
• Empetraceae
• Epacridaceae

ordo Primulales

• Theophrastaceae
• Myrsinaceae
• Primulaceae

ordo Plumbaginales

• Plumbaginaceae

ordo Ebenales

subordo Sapotineae

• Sapotaceae
• Sarcospermataceae

subordo Ebenineae

• Ebenaceae
• Styracaceae
• Lissocarpaceae
• Symplocaceae
• Hoplestigmataceae

ordo Oleales

• Oleaceae

ordo Gentianales

• Loganiaceae
• Desfontainiaceae
• Gentianaceae
• Menyanthaceae
• Apocynaceae
• Asclepiadaceae
• Rubiaceae

ordo Tubiflorae

subordo Convolvulineae

• Polemoniaceae
• Fouquieriaceae
• Convolvulaceae

subordo Boraginineae

• Hydrophyllaceae
• Boraginaceae
• Lennoaceae

subordo Verbenineae

• Verbenaceae
• Callitrichaceae
• Labiatae or Lamiaceae

subordo Solanineae

• Nolanaceae
• Solanaceae
• Duckeodendraceae
• Buddlejaceae
• Scrophulariaceae
• Globulariaceae
• Bignoniaceae
• Henriqueziaceae
• Acanthaceae
• Pedaliaceae
• Martyniaceae
• Gesneriaceae
• Columelliaceae
• Orobanchaceae
• Lentibulariaceae

subordo Myoporineae

• Myoporaceae

subordo Phrymineae

• Phrymaceae

ordo Plantaginales

• Plantaginaceae

ordo Dipsacales

• Caprifoliaceae
• Adoxaceae
• Valerianaceae
• Dipsacaceae

ordo Campanulales

• Campanulaceae
• Sphenocleaceae
• Pentaphragmataceae
• Goodeniaceae
• Brunoniaceae
• Stylidiaceae
• Calyceraceae
• Compositae or Asteraceae

Bibliography

• Book: Melchior. Hans. Werdermann. Erich. 1964. 1892. A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien . 12th. Schweizerbart. Stuttgart.
  • I. Band: Allgemeiner Teil. Bakterien bis Gymnospermen.
  • II. Band: Angiospermen.

Notes and References

1. Book: Swift, Lloyd H.. Botanical Classifications. Archon Books. 1974. Hamden, Connecticut,USA. 0-208-01455-1.
2. Book: H. Melchior. Hans Melchior. 1964. Adolf Engler. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien . Berlin-Nikolassee, Gebr. Borntraeger . registration. 12th. I. Band: Allgemeiner Teil. Bakterien bis Gymnospermen. II. Band: Angiospermen.
3. Domke, W. (1934).Untersuchungen über die geographische und systematische Gliederung der Thymelaeaceae. Biblioth. Bot. 111:1-151.