Water castle explained
A water castle, sometimes water-castle, is a castle where natural or artificial water is part of its defences.[1] [2] It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbodies such as island castles in a river or offshore. The term comes from European castle studies, mainly German Burgenkunde.[3] [4] [5] When stately homes were built in such a location, or a Wasserburg was later rebuilt as a residential manor, the German term becomes Wasserschloss, lit. "water palace/manor".
Description
Forde-Johnston describes such a site as "a castle in which water plays a prominent part in the defences."[1] Apart from hindering attackers, an abundant supply of water was also an advantage during a siege. Topographically, such structures are a type of low-lying castle. Such a castle usually had only one entrance, which was via a drawbridge and that could be raised for protection in the event of an attack. To some extent these water castles had a fortress-like character.
There is a further distinction between:
- castles that are protected by artificial water-filled moats or man-made ponds, i.e. moated castles
- castles whose primary means of protection is from natural water bodies such as river courses, or which stand on islands or peninsulas in a natural marshland, pond, lake or sea. Island castles and marsh castles are such examples.
Legacy
In many places in Central Europe castles that had formerly been fortified changed their role or were converted over the course of time so that they became largely representational and residential buildings. The characteristic moats thus lost their original security function, but were retained in some cases as an element of landscaping. Today, in monument conservation circles, they are often described as burdensome, cost-intensive "historic legacies" because of the water damage caused to their foundations. As a result, many moats around castles in Germany have been drained, or more rarely filled, especially since the 1960s.
In Germany, the Wasserburgroute or "Water Castle Route" has been established in the triangle formed by the cities of Aachen, Bonn and Cologne which links 120 castles and palaces.[6] [7]
Examples
Austria
Baltic
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Please notice that in French "", literally 'water castle', means water tower.
Germany
Baden-Württemberg
Bavaria
Berlin
Brandenburg
Bremen
- Blomendal Castle
- Schönebeck Palace
Hamburg
Hesse
- Friedewald Water Castle in Friedewald
- Fürstenau Palace near Steinbach
Lower Saxony
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
North Rhine-Westphalia
Rhineland-Palatinate
Saarland
Saxony
Saxony-Anhalt
Schleswig-Holstein
Thuringia
- Kapellendorf Water Castle
Greece
Hungary
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Lebanon
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Sweden
Romania
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
England
Scotland
Wales
References
General
- Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History (2005). Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History, Vol. 41, Part 1. Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History.
- Forde-Johnston, James L. (1979). Great Medieval Castles of Britain. The Bodley Head .
- Fry, Plantagenet Somerset (1996). Castles of Britain and Ireland: The Ultimate Reference Book. David & Charles.
- Gothein, Marie Luise Schroeter and Walter P. Wright (2014). A History of Garden Art. Cambridge: CUP.
- Kaufmann, J. E. and H.W. Kaufmann (2004) The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo.
- Lepage, Jean-Denis (2023). Dictionary of Fortifications: An Illustrated Glossary of Castles, Forts and Other Defensive Works from Antiquity to the Present Day. Barnsley, UK and Havertown, PA, USA: Pen & Sword Books.
Notes and References
- Book: Forde-Johnston, James L. . Great Medieval Castles of Britain . 1979 . Bodley Head . 978-0-370-30236-2 . en.
- Lepage (2023), p. 331: "Water castle: A medieval castle in which natural or artificial water was part of the defences."
- Kaufmann & Kaufmann (2004), p. 229.
- http://www.theworldgeography.com/2012/08/12-wonderful-water-castles.html 12 Wonderful Water Castles
- Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History (2005), p. 44.
- https://www.aachen-tourismus.de/en/discover/sights/details/water-castle-route/ Water castle route
- https://www.nrw-tourism.com/a-water-castles-route Water Castles Route
- Book: Fry, Plantagenet Somerset. 1980. The David & Charles Book of Castles. David & Charles. 89.
- Book: Fry, Plantagenet Somerset. 1980. The David & Charles Book of Castles. David & Charles. 89.