Haplogroup V (mtDNA) explained

V
Origin-Date:Over 14,000 years BP[1]
Origin-Place:Europe (southern)
Ancestor:HV0a
Descendants:V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9, V10, V11, V12, V14, V15, V16, V17, V18, V22, V23, V24, V25, V26, V27, V28
Mutations:4580[2]

Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago in Southern Europe.[3]

Origin

Haplogroup V derives from the HV0a subclade of haplogroup HV. In 1998 it was argued that V spread over Europe from an Ice Age refuge in Iberia.[4] However more recent estimates of the date of V would place it in the Neolithic.

Distribution

Haplogroup V is a relatively rare mtDNA haplogroup, occurring in around 4% of native Europeans.[5] Its highest concentration is among the Saami people of northern Fennoscandia (~59%). It has been found at a frequency of approximately 10% among the Maris of the Volga-Ural region, leading to the suggestion that this region might be the source of the V among the Saami.[6] [7] Haplogroup V has been observed at higher than average levels among Cantabrian people (15%) of northern Iberia,[8] and among the adjacent Basque (10.4%).[9]

Haplogroup V is also found in parts of Northwest Africa. It is mainly concentrated among the Tuareg inhabiting the Gorom-Gorom area in Burkina Faso (21%),[10] Sahrawi in the Western Sahara (17.9%),[11] and Berbers of Matmata, Tunisia (16.3%).[12] The rare V7a subclade occurs among Algerians in Oran (1.08%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (1.85%).[13]

Ancient DNA

MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of the Linear Pottery culture at Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC[14] and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC.[15] Haplogroup V7 was found in representative Maykop culture samples in the excavations conducted by Alexei Rezepkin.[16] Haplogroup V has been detected in representatives Trypil'ska and Unetice culture.[17] [18]

Haplogroup V has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens dating from the Epipaleolithic at the Taforalt prehistoric site 14,000 years BP.[19]

Haplogroup V has also been found among Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture specimens dating from the Bronze Age from Western Hungary https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478968v1.full.pdf

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

Popular culture

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Behar DM et al . 2012 . A "Copernican" Reassessment of the Human Mitochondrial DNA Tree from its Root . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002 . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 90 . 4. 675–684 . 22482806 . 3322232.
  2. van Oven M, Kayser M . Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation . Human Mutation . 30 . 2 . E386–94 . Feb 2009 . 18853457 . 10.1002/humu.20921 . 27566749 . free .
  3. Brandstätter . Anita . Zimmermann . Bettina . Wagner . Janine . Göbel . Tanja . Röck . Alexander W. . Salas . Antonio . Carracedo . Angel . Parson . Walther . 2008-07-04 . Timing and deciphering mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup R0 variability in Central Europe and Middle East . BMC Evolutionary Biology . 8 . 1 . 191 . 10.1186/1471-2148-8-191 . free . 1471-2148 . 2491632 . 18601722. 2008BMCEE...8..191B .
  4. Torroni A et al . 1998 . mtDNA Analysis Reveals a Major Late Paleolithic Population Expansion from Southwestern to Northeastern Europe . American Journal of Human Genetics . 62 . 5. 1137–1152 . 10.1086/301822 . 9545392 . 1377079.
  5. Book: Bryan Sykes. Bryan Sykes. The Seven Daughters of Eve. 2001. Bantam Press. London; New York. 978-0393020182. The Seven Daughters of Eve.
  6. Ingman M, Gyllensten U . 2007 . A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia . European Journal of Human Genetics . 15 . 1. 115–120 . 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201712 . 16985502. free .
  7. Tambets K, Rootsi S, Kivisild T, Help H, Serk P et al . 2004 . The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic "Outliers" Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes . American Journal of Human Genetics . 74 . 4. 661–682 . 10.1086/383203 . 15024688 . 1181943.
  8. Maca-Meyer N, Sánchez-Velasco P, Flores C, Larruga JM, González AM, Oterino A, Leyva-Cobián F . Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA characterization of Pasiegos, a human isolate from Cantabria (Spain) . Annals of Human Genetics . 67 . Pt 4 . 329–39 . Jul 2003 . 12914567 . 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00045.x . 10.1.1.584.4253 . 40355653 . 2012-08-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070404102039/http://grupos.unican.es/acanto/aep/BolPas/Ann-Hum-Genet.pdf . 2007-04-04 . dead .
  9. Soares P, Ermini L, Thomson N, Mormina M, Rito T, Röhl A, Salas A, Oppenheimer S, Macaulay V, Richards MB . 2009 . Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001 . 19500773 . 2694979 . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 84 . 6. 82–93 .
  10. Luísa Pereira . Viktor Černý . María Cerezo . Nuno M Silva . Martin Hájek . Alžběta Vašíková . Martina Kujanová . Radim Brdička . Antonio Salas . Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel. European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 March 2010. 18. 8 . 915–923. 10.1038/ejhg.2010.21. 20234393 . 2987384.
  11. S. Plaza . F. Calafell . A. Helal . N. Bouzerna . G. Lefranc . J. Bertranpetit . D. Comas . Joining the Pillars of Hercules: mtDNA Sequences Show Multidirectional Gene Flow in the Western Mediterranean. Annals of Human Genetics. July 2003. 67. 4. 312–328. 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00039.x. 12914566. 11201992 .
  12. Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Plaza S, Calafell F, Ben Amor M, Comas D, Bennamar El gaaied A . Mitochondrial DNA heterogeneity in Tunisian Berbers . Annals of Human Genetics . 68 . Pt 3 . 222–33 . May 2004 . 15180702 . 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00096.x . 6407058 .
  13. Asmahan Bekada . Lara R. Arauna . Tahria Deba . Francesc Calafell . Soraya Benhamamouch . David Comas . Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations. PLOS ONE. September 24, 2015. 10. 9. 10.1371/journal.pone.0138453. 26402429 . 4581715 . e0138453. 2015PLoSO..1038453B . free .
    S5 Table
  14. W. Haak et al., Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites, Science, vol. 310, no. 5750 (2005), pp. 1016-1018.
  15. W. Haak, et al., Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities, PLOS Biology, vol. 8, no.11 (November 2010), e1000536.
  16. A. V. Nedoluzhko, E. S. Boulygina, A. S. Sokolov, S. V. Tsygankova, N. M. Gruzdeva, A. D. Rezepkin, E. B. Prokhortchouk. Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome of a Novosvobodnaya Culture Representative using Next-Generation Sequencing and Its Relation to the Funnel Beaker Culture
  17. http://www.iansa.eu/papers/IANSA-2010-01-02-nikitin.pdf A. G. Nikitin et al. (2010) Comprehensive site chronology and ancient Mitochondrial DNA analysis from Verteba cave – a trypillian culture site of eneolithic Ukraine
  18. http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/unetice_culture.shtml Unetice Culture (c. 2300-1600 BCE)
  19. Bernard Secher . Rosa Fregel . José M Larruga . Vicente M Cabrera . Phillip Endicott . José J Pestano . Ana M González . The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian and American continents. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10.1186/1471-2148-14-109 . 14 . 109 . 24885141 . 4062890. 2014 . 1 . 2014BMCEE..14..109S . free .
  20. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 118–119. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843. 10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn. 254519342 .
  21. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 119. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843. 10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn. 254519342 .
  22. Web site: PhyloTree.org tree R0.
  23. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 120–121. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843. 10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn. 254519342 .
  24. Book: Gates Jr., Henry Louis. 110. 2015. Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series. The University of North Carolina Press.
  25. Book: Gates Jr., Henry Louis. 110. 2015. Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series. The University of North Carolina Press.

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