Mir-221 microRNA explained

mir-221
Symbol:mir-221
Rfam:RF00651
Mirbase Family:MIPF0000051
Rna Type:microRNA
Tax Domain:Eukaryota
Vertebrata;
Hgncid:31601
Omim:300568

In molecular biology, mir-221 microRNA (and its paralogue, mir-222) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA.[1] It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells.[2] [3] miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.[4] [2] Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.[5] [6] [7] RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer.[8] In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis.[5] miR-221 detection in human faeces can be a non-invasive screening marker for colorectal cancer.[9]

miR-221 has been identified as playing a role in androgenetic alopecia.[10]

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Pang. Y . Young, CY . Yuan, H. MicroRNAs and prostate cancer.. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 15 June 2010. 42. 6. 363–9. 20539944. 10.1093/abbs/gmq038.
  2. Urbich. C. Kuehbacher, A . Dimmeler, S . Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Cardiovascular Research. 1 September 2008. 79. 4. 581–8. 18550634. 10.1093/cvr/cvn156.
  3. Vasilatou. D. Papageorgiou, S . Pappa, V . Papageorgiou, E . Dervenoulas, J . The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. European Journal of Haematology. 1 January 2010. 84. 1. 1–16. 19744129. 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01348.x. 46395419. free.
  4. Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Dimmeler S . Targeting microRNA expression to regulate angiogenesis . Trends Pharmacol Sci . 29 . 1 . 12–15 . 2008 . 18068232 . 10.1016/j.tips.2007.10.014.
  5. Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D . Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221 . J Biol Chem . 287 . 17 . 13952–8 . 2012 . 22396537 . 10.1074/jbc.M111.321646 . 3340184. free .
  6. Nicoli S, Knyphausen CP, Zhu LJ, Lakshmanan A, Lawson ND . miR-221 is required for endothelial tip cell behaviors during vascular development . Dev Cell . 22 . 2 . 418–429 . 2012 . 22340502 . 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.008 . 3285411.
  7. Le Bot. Nathalie. MicroRNAs in angiogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol.. 2 April 2012. 14. 4. 342. 10.1038/ncb2484. 45572115. free.
  8. Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D . Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma . Hepatology . 53 . 5 . 1538–48 . 2011 . 21520169 . 10.1002/hep.24216 . 3081619.
  9. microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. British Journal of Cancer. 2014-10-28. 0007-0920. 4453736. 25233396. 1765–71. 111. 9. 10.1038/bjc.2014.484. T. O.. Yau. C. W.. Wu. Y.. Dong. C.-M.. Tang. S. S. M.. Ng. F. K. L.. Chan. J. J. Y.. Sung. J.. Yu.
  10. Li K, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Qu Q, Wang G, Wang J, Chen R, Fan Z, Liu B, Li Y, Mao X, Hu Z, Miao Y . The AR/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway mediates the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia . Int J Biol Sci . 19 . 11 . 3307–23 . 2023 . 37496996 . 10367565 . 10.7150/ijbs.80481 .