Minuscule 124 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 1211 (in the Von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment.[1] Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia and liturgical matter (see below).
Readings from the manuscript are cited in editions of the Novum Testamentum Graece, a critical edition of the Greek New Testament. It is considered to be a member of a group of minuscule manuscripts known as Family 13 (ƒ).
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing the text of the four Gospels written on 188 thick parchment leaves (21.7 by 18.8 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, with 25-28 lines per page.[2] The initial letters of the different sections are written in red and blue ink,[3] with the initial letters of each gospel being written in red, blue, brown, and green ink. It was corrected by the first hand.
The text is divided according to the chapters (known as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κεφαλαια / kephalaia), whose numbers are given in the margin, with the chapter titles (known as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τιτλοι / titloi) written at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (an early division of the Gospels), with references to the Eusebian Canons written below the Ammonian Section numbers, along with information on parallel passages in other gospels written at the bottom.
It contains the Epistle to Carpianus (a letter from the early church father Eusebius of Caesarea outlining his gospel harmony system, his chapter divisions of the four gospels, and their purpose), the Eusebian Canon tables (list of chapters) at the beginning, lists of the tables of contents (also known as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κεφαλαια) before each Gospel, subscriptions (end titles) at the close of each Gospel, and the liturgical books with hagiographies known as the synaxaria (a list of saint's days) and the Menologion (a reference list of monthly readings from the gospels).
According to the colophons at the end of their respective gospels, the Gospel of Matthew was written in Hebrew 8 years after the Lord's Ascension, that of Mark was written in Latin 10 years after the Ascension, Luke, in Greek, 15 years after, and John 32 years after.[4] The colophons also state that Matthew has 2522 phrases (known as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ῥήματα / rhemata), and 2560 lines (known as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στίχοι / stichoi); Mark has 1675 phrases and 1604 lines; Luke has 3803 phrases and 2750 lines; and John has 1938 phrases.
Though containing the text of the Gospels, a binder has muddled up the folia, causing Matthew 18:25-23:35 to be placed after Matt 8:3, Mark 9:39-13:34 to be placed between John 14:18-19, and Luke 23:31-24:28 to be after Matt 23:35 before it returns to Matt 8:4, resulting in several issues of pagination.[5]
The manuscript was considered by biblical scholar Andreas Birch as the best of the Vienna codices.[8]
As with other members of ƒ, the text of Luke 22:43-44 is transferred to follow after Matthew 26:39. The pericope de adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is not placed in the Fourth Gospel, but after Luke 21:38.
The manuscript was written in southern Calabria. According to biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener, "the manuscript was written in Calabria, where it belonged to a certain Leo [i.e. Leo "Hamartolos"], and was brought to Vienna probably in 1564". The person responsible for bringing it to Vienna was János Zsámboky (known as "Sambucus"), the imperial librarian, who brought it from Naples. On the reverse side of folio 188, a comment notes it once belonged to Zacharias of Taranto.
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by biblical scholar Johann Jakob Griesbach. It was examined by Treschow, the biblical scholars Francis Karl Alter, Birch, William Hugh Ferrar, Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, C. R. Gregory (in 1887), and Kirsopp & Silva Lake. Alter used it in his edition of the Greek text of the New Testament.[9] It was collated by Ferrar. Biblical scholar J. Rendel Harris found some affinities with the Old Syriac version.[10] Alter's initial collection of the manuscript was made against another manuscript located in Vienna, however as no one at the time had access to this manuscript, Alter's collation was considered "unintelligible". A recollation of minuscule 124 was made by Kirsopp and Silva Lake from the original manuscript.
The codex is located in the Austrian National Library (shelf number Theol. Gr. 188) at Vienna. The manuscript is currently dated by the INTF to the 11th century.