Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey explained

There are 81 provinces in Turkey (Turkish: il). Among the 81 provinces, 30 provinces are designated metropolitan municipalities[1] (Turkish: büyükşehir belediyeleri). Metropolitan municipalities are subdivided into districts (Turkish: [[ilçe]]), where each district includes a corresponding district municipality, which is a second tier municipality.[2]

History

The first metropolitan municipalities were established in 1984.[3] These were the three most populous cities in Turkey, namely; Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir. In each metropolitan municipality a number of second level municipalities (ilçe municipality) were established. In 1986, four new metropolitan municipalities were established: Adana,[4] Bursa,[5] Gaziantep[6] and Konya.[7] Two years later the total number was increased to eight with the addition of Kayseri.[8] In 1993, seven new metropolitan municipalities were established: Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Mersin, Kocaeli and Samsun.[9] Following the earthquake of 1999, Sakarya was also declared a metropolitan municipality.[10]

Before 2004, only the urban centers with populations of more than 750,000 were declared metropolitan centers. However, in 2004, the concept of metropolitan municipality was redefined in Istanbul and Kocaeli, where thenceforth metropolitan municipality borders would overlap with provincial borders. In 2012, this was extended to other metropolitan municipalities.[11] Thus, all provinces with a population in excess of 750,000 were declared metropolitan municipality and accordingly the number of metropolitan municipalities has sharply increased. The following 13 cities became metropolitan municipalities:[11]

With the addition of Ordu in 2013,[12] the total number of the metropolitan municipalities increased to 30.[13]

List of metropolitan areas

(Dark blue: Those provinces before 2012, light blue those after 2012)

Metropolitan municipalities Date of establishment Area (km2)GDP (billion US$)[14] Population (2021)Number of districts
05.06.1986 13,84415.775 2,263,373 15
23.03.1984 25,632 74.285 5,747,325 25
09.09.1993 20,177 23.213 2,619,832 19
06.12.2012 8,116 7.260 1,134,031 17
06.12.2012 14,583 10.027 1,250,610 20
18.06.1986 10,813 33.641 3,147,818 17
06.12.2012 12,134 9.062 1,051,056 19
09.09.1993 15,101 6.959 1,791,373 17
09.09.1993 25,006 3.918 756,893 20
09.09.1993 13,960 9.078 898,369 14
20.06.1986 6,830 16.545 2,130,432 9
06.12.2012 5,524 11.298 1,670,712 15
Mersin[15] 09.09.1993 15,010 15.562 1,891,145 13
23.03.1984 5,343 245.207 15,840,000 39
23.03.1984 11,891 51.460 4,425,789 30
07.12.1988 16,970 11.956 1,434,357 16
Kocaeli[16] 09.09.1993 3,397 34.442 2,033,441 12
20.06.1986 40,838 16.616 2,277,017 31
06.12.2012 12,259 4.324 808,692 13
06.12.2012 13,339 13.633 1,456,626 17
Kahramanmaraş06.12.201214,520 7.015 1,171,298 11
06.12.2012 8,780 4.737 862,757 10
06.12.2012 12,654 9.444 1,021,141 13
14.03.2013 5,914 3.685 760,872 19
Sakarya[17] 06.03.2000 4,824 9.102 1,060,876 16
09.09.1993 9,725 8.332 1,371,274 17
06.12.2012 6,190 16.225 1,113,400 11
06.12.2012 4,628 4.897 816,686 18
06.12.2012 19,242 6.413 2,143,020 13
06.12.2012 20,921 3.5441,141,015 13
Turkey783,562807.14366,092,128519

Since the total population of Turkey is 83,154,997, the population in the 30 provinces make up 77% of the population of the country.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=buyukbelediye.RDF&p_kod=1&p_yil=2010&p_dil=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env Statistical Institute page
  2. http://tr.wikisource.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk%C5%9Fehir_Belediyesi_Kanunu Law act no 5216
  3. http://www.mevzuatdergisi.com/2009/03a/02.htm Belleten of legislation
  4. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.3306.pdf Art no 3306
  5. Web site: Art no 3391 . tr . 2014-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203173105/http://www.ekanun.net/kanunlar/kanunlar/3391-sayili-kanun/ . 2014-02-03 . dead .
  6. Web site: Art no.3398 . tr . 2014-01-31 . https://archive.today/20140131211332/http://www.ekanun.net/kanunlar/kanunlar/3398-sayili-kanun/ . 2014-01-31 . dead .
  7. Web site: Art no 3399 . tr . 2014-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203173115/http://www.ekanun.net/kanunlar/kanunlar/3399-sayili-kanun/ . 2014-02-03 . dead .
  8. Web site: Art no 3508 . tr . 2014-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203173456/http://www.ekanun.net/kanunlar/kanunlar/3508-sayili-kanun/ . 2014-02-03 . dead .
  9. Web site: Decree no 504 . tr . 2014-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203173501/http://www.ekanun.net/504-sayili-kanun-hukmunde-kararname/ . 2014-02-03 . dead .
  10. Web site: Art no 593 . tr . 2014-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203173450/http://www.ekanun.net/593-sayili-kanun-hukmunde-kararname/ . 2014-02-03 . dead .
  11. Web site: Art no 6360 . tr.
  12. Web site: 14 March 2013 . North-eastern province of Ordu becomes metropolitan municipality . 2022-04-30 . Anadolu Ajansı.
  13. http://www.cnnturk.com/2013/turkiye/03/14/ordu.buyuksehir.belediyesi.oldu/700251.0/index.html CNN Turk news
  14. Web site: Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts . 11 May 2023 . www.turkstat.gov.tr.
  15. Formerly named İçel.
  16. Formerly the center city of Kocaeli Province was İzmit, which is now a district
  17. Formerly the center city of Sakarya Province was Adapazarı, which is now a district

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