Metrizoic acid explained

Metrizoic acid is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging. Its uses included angiography[1] (imaging of blood vessels and heart chambers) and urography[2] (imaging of the urinary tract), but it has been discontinued, at least in the US.[3]

It was used in form of its salts, metrizoates. Due to its high osmolality, metrizoic acid had a risk of inducing allergic reactions higher than that of lower osmolar contrast media.[4]

Chemistry

The iodine content of metrizoate ranged from 370 mg/ml to 440 mg/ml, with osmolarity has high as 2100 mOsm/kg. The viscosity is 3.4 cP at 37 degree Celsius (human body temperature).[5]

Adverse effects

Side effects of metrizoate are: urticaria, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and hypotension. Other side effects include minor electrocardiographic changes such as tachycardia, bradycardia, and inversion of T waves.[6]

Notes and References

  1. Vik-Mo H, Danielsen R, Skinningsrud K, Haider T, Bjørkhaug A . Cardiovascular and electrocardiographic effects of iopentol in left ventricular angiography. Comparison of the low-osmolar, non-ionic iopentol (Imagopaque 350) and the hyper-osmolar, ionic metrizoate meglumine-Na-Ca (Isopaque Coronar 370) in patients with coronary heart disease . European Radiology . 7 . Suppl 4 . S156–S161 . 1997 . 9204361 . 10.1007/pl00006885 . 27742637 .
  2. Zachrisson BE, Jagenburg R . Comparison of iohexol with metrizoate in urography. A single blind parallel investigation . Acta Radiologica. Supplementum . 366 . 30–37 . 1983 . 6147958 .
  3. Web site: Metrizoic acid . DrugBank. 3 March 2017.
  4. Web site: Metrizoic acid - C12H11I3N2O4 . PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine . 3 March 2017.
  5. Web site: Patel R . Applications in contrast imaging: contrast media basics - important considerations for the pharmacist . Braco Diagnostics, Inc. . 15 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221215125147/https://www.appliedradiology.org/courses/4559/Interactive/Pharma_Mono_vMDFDECE_rev.pdf . 15 December 2022.
  6. Steinberg I, Evans JA . Isopaque 440 (metrizoate); a new cardiovascular contrast medium. Experience with 100 consecutive cases . The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine . 101 . 1 . 229–233 . September 1967 . 4166780 . 10.2214/ajr.101.1.229 .

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