Maslinic acid explained

Maslinic acid is a compound derived from dry olive-pomace oil (an olive skin wax) which is a byproduct of olive oil extraction. It is a member of the group of triterpenes known as oleananes.

Pharmacology

In vitro study shows that maslinic acid inhibits serine proteases, key enzymes necessary for the spread of HIV within an individual's body.^[1] It also has in vitro antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells.^[2] Maslinic acid increases EAAT2 (GLT-1) glutamate reuptake and may reduce glutamatergic toxicity in rats.^[3] Additionally, maslinic acid serves as a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor in mouse liver,^{[4] [5]} as evidenced by increased glycogen accumulation in rainbow trout liver.^[6]

Clinical significance

Maslinic acid demonstrates antioxidant capabilities against oxygen and nitrogen reactive species.^{[7] [8]} It also exhibits a suppressive impact on proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. These mechanisms could contribute to enhanced protein synthesis, growth rates, and joint support.^[9] Maslinic acid has been shown to improve muscle mass in the elderly when combined with resistance exercise.^[10]

Notes and References

1. News: University of Granada . 11 July 2007 . Compound From Olive-pomace Oil Inhibits HIV Spread . sciencedaily.com. 2009-06-16.
2. Juan ME, Planas JM, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Daniel H, Wenzel U . Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of maslinic and oleanolic acids, two pentacyclic triterpenes from olives, on HT-29 colon cancer cells . Br J Nutr . 2008 . 100 . 1 . 36–43 . 10.1017/S0007114508882979 . 18298868. free.
3. Guan T, Qian Y, Guan T, Qian Y, Tang X, Huang M, Huang L, Li Y, Sun M . Maslinic acid, a natural inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase, reduces cerebral ischemic injury in hyperglycemic rats by GLT-1 up-regulation . J. Neurosci. Res. . November 2011 . 89 . 11 . 1829–39 . 10.1002/jnr.22671 . 21800347. free .
4. Márquez Martín A, De La Puerta Vázquez R, Fernández-Arche A, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V . 2006 . Supressive effect of maslinic acid from pomace olive oil on oxidative stress and cytokine production in stimulated murine macrophages . Free Radical Research . en . 40 . 3 . 295–302 . 10.1080/10715760500467935 . 1071-5762 . 16484046.
5. Wen X, Sun H, Liu J, Wu G, Zhang L, Wu X, Ni P . 2005-11-15 . Pentacyclic triterpenes. Part 1: The first examples of naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes as a new class of inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylases . Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters . 15 . 22 . 4944–4948 . 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.026 . 0960-894X . 16169219.
6. Vlietinck A, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Pieters L . 1998 . Plant-Derived Leading Compounds for Chemotherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection . Planta Medica . en . 64 . 02 . 97–109 . 10.1055/s-2006-957384 . free . 0032-0943 . 9525100.
7. Conlon . Ian . Raff . Martin . 1999-01-22 . Size Control in Animal Development . Cell . en . 96 . 2 . 235–244 . 9988218 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80563-2 . free.
8. Montilla MP, Agil A, Navarro MC, Jiménez MI, García-Granados A, Parra A, Cabo MM . 2003 . Antioxidant Activity of Maslinic Acid, a Triterpene Derivative Obtained from Olea europaea . Planta Medica . en . 69 . 5 . 472–474 . 10.1055/s-2003-39698 . 0032-0943 . 12802735.
9. Web site: Acide Maslinique: Propriétés Et Bienfaits . Maslinic Acid: Properties And Benefits . fr . Nierding . Axel . Polyvalents . 2023-12-25.
10. Nagai N, Yagyu S, Sakane N . Maslinic acid derived from olive fruit in combination with resistance training improves muscle mass and mobility functions in the elderly . Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition . 64 . 3 . 224-230 . 2019 . 10.3164/jcbn.18-104 . 6529705 . 31138956.