The Margraviate of Antwerp (or Mark of Antwerp) consisted since the eleventh century of the area around the cities of Antwerp and Breda.
Conventional Long Name: | Margraviate of Antwerp |
Common Name: | Margraviate of Antwerp |
Era: | Middle Ages |
Status: | State of the Holy Roman Empire |
Empire: | Holy Roman Empire |
Government Type: | Margraviate |
Year Start: | 969 |
Event End: | Reunited with Brabant |
Year End: | 1406 |
Event1: | Merged into Lower Lorraine |
Date Event1: | 1106 |
Event2: | inherited by Brabant |
Date Event2: | 1190 |
Event3: | Peace of Ath |
Date Event3: | 1357 |
P1: | Lower Lotharingia |
Flag P1: | Lothringen-Nieder.PNG |
S1: | Duchy of Brabant |
Flag S1: | Banner of the Duchy of Brabant.svg |
Capital: | Antwerp |
Leader1: | Godfrey I (first) |
Leader2: | Godfrey III (last) |
Year Leader1: | 969-1002 |
Year Leader2: | 1142-1190 |
Title Leader: | Margrave of Antwerp |
Under Otto II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, several marches were created along the border with West Francia (this border coincided with the river Scheldt). Originally the mark was restricted to the borders of the Scheldt, in 994 Ansfried of Utrecht added Toxandria to the mark.
In the 11th century the mark of Antwerp was one of the fiefs of the duke of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey of Bouillon received the mark in 1076 from emperor Henry IV. After his death in the Crusader state of Jerusalem in 1100, Henry I of Limburg was appointed as margrave.
In 1106 the duchy of Lower Lorraine and the margraviate were united. After the Diet of Schwäbisch Hall by Emperor Henry VI, in 1190, the duchy was abolished and its titles were given to the duke of Brabant, who continued to use the title of "Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire".
In the 1357 Peace of Ath the margraviate went to Louis II, Count of Flanders and then his daughter Margaret. In 1405 its guardianship fell to her son Anthony, who reunited it with Brabant when he became duke the following year.
The margraviate was often listed separately as one of the Seventeen Provinces in the 16th century.
After the Eighty Years' War the margraviate was part of the Spanish Netherlands, where the title of margrave continued to exist as an honorary title for the representative of the governor.
The margraviate consisted (after the loss of Breda) of the cities of Antwerp, Herentals and Lier and the quarters of Arkel, Rijen, Geel, Zandhoven, Turnhout and Hoogstraten.