| Char: | ◌̱ |
| A̱a̱ḆḇC̱c̱ |
|---|
Macron below is a combining diacritical mark that is used in various orthographies.[1]
A non-combining form is . It is not to be confused with, and . The difference between "macron below" and "low line" is that the latter results in an unbroken underline when it is run together: compare a̱ḇc̱ and a̲b̲c̲ (only the latter should look like abc).[2]
Unicode defines several characters for the macron below:
| macron below | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| combining | spacing | |||||
| character | Unicode | HTML | character | Unicode | HTML | |
| single | U+0331 | ̱ | ˍ letter | U+02CD | ˍ | |
double | U+035F | ͟ | ||||
There are many similar marks covered elsewhere:
Various precomposed letters with a macron below are defined in Unicode:
| upper case | lower case | notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| letter | Unicode | HTML | letter | Unicode | HTML | ||
| Ḇ | U+1E06 | Ḇ | ḇ | U+1E07 | ḇ | Used in the transliteration of Biblical Hebrew into the Roman alphabet to show the fricative value of the letter beth (Hebrew: ב) representing [v], or perhaps pronounced as /link/. | |
| Ḏ | U+1E0E | Ḏ | ḏ | U+1E0F | ḏ | Used in the transliteration of Biblical Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic into the Roman alphabet to show the fricative value of the letter dalet (ד), pronounced as /link/, and in the romanization of Pashto, it is used sometimes to represent retroflex D. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar /d/. | |
| ẖ | U+1E96 | ẖ | Sometimes used for Arabic Arabic: خ ẖāʼ, Hebrew Heth (letter), Egyptian Egyptian (Ancient);: [[Egyptian uniliteral signs|]]. There is no precomposed upper case equivalent of ẖ so it uses a combining macron below instead: H̱. | ||||
| Ḵ | U+1E34 | Ḵ | ḵ | U+1E35 | ḵ | Used in the transliteration of Biblical Hebrew into the Roman alphabet to show the fricative value of the letter kaph (Hebrew: כ) representing pronounced as /link/. Used in Tlingit and Haida (among other Pacific Northwest languages) for the voiceless uvular stop pronounced as /link/. Close to Korean ㄲ kk; closest English "shocking" Used optionally in the K-dialect of Māori in the South Island of New Zealand, where an original ng has merged with k. The ḵ indicates that it corresponds to ng in other dialects. There is no difference in pronunciation between ḵ and k. | |
| Ḻ | U+1E3A | Ḻ | ḻ | U+1E3B | ḻ | One possible transliteration of the Dravidian retroflex approximant /ɻ/ as in Tamil letter ழ. Ḻ is used in the Seri language to represent pronounced as /link/, like English l, while unmodified "l" represents pronounced as /link/, like Welsh ll. It is also used in the proposed Unified Alphabet for Mapudungun. | |
| Ṉ | U+1E48 | Ṉ | ṉ | U+1E49 | ṉ | Used in Pitjantjatjara to represent pronounced as /link/, and in Saanich to represent both plain and glottalized pronounced as /link/. In the romanization of Pashto, it is used sometimes to represent retroflex N. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar /n/. | |
| Ṟ | U+1E5E | Ṟ | ṟ | U+1E5F | ṟ | Used in Pitjantjatjara to represent pronounced as /link/, and sometimes in the romanization of Pashto to represent the retroflex R. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar trill /r/. | |
| Ṯ | U+1E6E | Ṯ | ṯ | U+1E6F | ṯ | Used in the proposed Unified Alphabet for Mapudungun language representing pronounced as /link/. In the romanization of Pashto, it is used sometimes to represent retroflex T. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar /t/. In the romanization of Arabic this letter is used to transcribe the letter Ṯāʾ. | |
| Ẕ | U+1E94 | Ẕ | ẕ | U+1E95 | ẕ | Used in the 1953 Hebrew Academy Romanization of Hebrew to represent tsade (Hebrew: צ). | |
| ₫ | U+20AB | ₫ | Vietnamese đồng. | ||||
Note that the Unicode character names of precomposed characters whose decompositions contain use "WITH LINE BELOW" rather than "WITH MACRON BELOW". Thus, decomposes to and .[3]
The Vietnamese đồng currency sign resembles a lower case d with a stroke and macron below: but is neither a letter nor decomposable.[4]