Machilus Explained
Machilus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lauraceae. It is found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forest, occurring in China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Indochina, the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is sometimes included in the genus Persea,[1] and currently includes about 100 species.[2]
Description
Machilus are evergreen trees or shrubs,[2] some species growing as much as 30 m tall. Their entire, pinnately veined leaves are alternately borne along the stems. Their bisexual flowers are borne in inflorescences that are usually paniculate, terminal, subterminal, or arising from near base of branchlets, with long peduncles or rarely without peduncles. Perianth tubes are short; perianth lobes 6 in 2 series, equal, subequal, or occasionally outer ones conspicuously smaller than inner ones, usually persistent, rarely deciduous. Fertile stamens 9 in 3 series, anthers 4-celled, 1st and 2nd series of stamens eglandular, anthers introrse, 3rd series of stamens glandular, anthers extrorse or lateral, glands stipitate to sessile. Staminodes in 4th series, sagittate. Ovary sessile; stigmas small, dish-shaped or capitate. Fruits are fleshy, globose, rarely ellipsoid or oblong, subtended at base by persistent and reflexed perianth lobes; the fruiting pedicel does not become enlarged.
Species
The genus includes the following species:[3]
- Machilus attenuata F.N.Wei & S.C.Tang – China (Guangxi)
- Machilus austroguizhouensis S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei – China (Guizhou and Guangxi)
- Machilus balansae (Airy Shaw) F.N. Wei & S.C. Tang – northern Vietnam
- Machilus bokorensis Yahara & Tagane – Cambodia
- Machilus bonii Lecomte – China (southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Guizhou, and western Guangxi) and Vietnam
- Machilus boninensis Koidz. – Ogasawara Islands
- Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl. – China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Hainan)
- Machilus brevipaniculata Yahara & Tagane – Cambodia
- Machilus calcicola C.J. Qi – China (northeastern Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hunan)
- Machilus cambodiana Mase, Tagane & Yahara – described from Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia[4]
- Machilus cavaleriei H. Lév. – China (southern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi) and Vietnam
- Machilus chayuensis S.K. Lee – southeastern Tibet
- Machilus chekiangensis S.K. Lee – China (Hong Kong, Fujian, and Zhejiang)
- Machilus chienkweiensis S.K. Lee – China (southeastern Guizhou and northern Guangxi)
- Machilus chinensis (Benth.) Hemsl. – China (Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hong Kong) and Vietnam
- Machilus chrysotricha H.W.Li – China (northwestern and central Yunnan)
- Machilus chuanchienensis S.K.Lee – China (southeastern Sichuan and northeastern Guizhou)
- Machilus cicatricosa S.K. Lee – Vietnam and Hainan
- Machilus clarkeana King ex Hook.f. – Nepal, East Himalaya, eastern India, and Myanmar
- Machilus cochinchinensis Lecomte – Laos and Vietnam
- Machilus coriacea A.Chev. – Vietnam
- Machilus curranii Merr. – Luzon
- Machilus daozhenensis Y.K. Li – China (Daozhen in Guizhou)
- Machilus declinata (Blume) de Kok – Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java
- Machilus decursinervis Chun – southern China and Vietnam
- Machilus dinganensis S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei – China (Guangdong and Hainan)
- Machilus dubia Das & P.C.Kanjilal – Bhutan, East Himalaya, and eastern India
- Machilus dumicola (W.W. Sm.) H.W. Li
- Machilus duthiei King
- Machilus edulis King ex Hook.f.
- Machilus fasciculata H.W. Li
- Machilus foonchewii S.K. Lee
- Machilus forrestii (W.W.Sm.) L.Li, J.Li & H.W.Li
- Machilus fruticosa Kurz
- Machilus fukienensis Hung T. Chang
- Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f.
- Machilus glabrophylla J.F. Zuo
- Machilus glaucescens (Nees) Wight
- Machilus glaucifolia S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
- Machilus gongshanensis H.W. Li
- Machilus gracillima Chun
- Machilus grandibracteata S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
- Machilus grijsii Hance
- Machilus hemsleyi Nakai
- Machilus holadena H. Liu
- Machilus ichangensis Rehder & E.H. Wilson
- Machilus japonica Siebold & Zucc.
- Machilus kingii Hook.f.
- Machilus kobu Maxim.
- Machilus kochummenii de Kok
- Machilus konishii Hayata
- Machilus kurzii King ex Hook. f.
- Machilus kwangtungensis Yen C. Yang
- Machilus lenticellata S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
- Machilus leptophylla Hand.-Mazz.
- Machilus lichuanensis W.C. Cheng
- Machilus listeri King ex Hook.f.
- Machilus litseifolia S.K. Lee
- Machilus lohuiensis S.K. Lee
- Machilus longipes Hung T. Chang
- Machilus mangdangshanensis Q.F. Zheng
- Machilus melanophylla H.W. Li
- Machilus miaoshanensis F.N. Wei & C.Q. Lin
- Machilus microcarpa Hemsl.
- Machilus microphylla (H.W.Li) L.Li, J.Li & H.W.Li
- Machilus minkweiensis S.K. Lee
- Machilus minutiflora (H.W.Li) L.Li, J.Li & H.W.Li
- Machilus minutiloba S.K. Lee
- Machilus montana L.Li, J.Li & H.W.Li
- Machilus monticola S.K. Lee
- Machilus multinervia H. Liu
- Machilus nakaoi S.K. Lee
- Machilus nanchuanensis N. Chao
- Machilus nanmu (Oliv.) Hemsl.
- Machilus obovatifolia (Hayata) Kaneh. & Sasaki
- Machilus obscurinervis S.K. Lee
- Machilus oculodracontis Chun
- Machilus oreophila Hance
- Machilus ovatiloba S.K. Lee
- Machilus obscurinervis S.K.Lee
- Machilus oculodracontis Chun
- Machilus odoratissimus Nees
- Machilus oreophila Hance
- Machilus ovatiloba S.K.Lee
- Machilus parabreviflora Hung T. Chang
- Machilus pauhoi Kaneh.
- Machilus phoenicis Dunn
- Machilus platycarpa Chun
- Machilus pomifera (Kosterm.) S.K. Lee
- Machilus pseudokobu Koidz.
- Machilus pubescens Blume
- Machilus pyramidalis H.W. Li
- Machilus rehderi C.K. Allen
- Machilus reticulata K.M. Lan
- Machilus rimosa (Blume) Blume
- Machilus robusta W.W. Sm.
- Machilus rufipes H.W. Li
- Machilus salicina Hance
- Machilus salicoides S.K. Lee
- Machilus seimensis Mase, Tagane & Yahara – described from Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
- Machilus sericea (Nees) Blume
- Machilus shiwandashanica Hung T. Chang
- Machilus shweliensis W.W. Sm.
- Machilus sichourensis H.W. Li
- Machilus sichuanensis N. Chao
- Machilus submultinervia Y.K. Li
- Machilus sumatrana (Kosterm.) F.N. Wei & S.C. Tang
- Machilus tenuipilis H.W. Li
- Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc.
- Machilus tingzhourensis M.M. Lin, T.F. Que & S.Q. Zheng
- Machilus velutina Champ. ex Benth.
- Machilus velutinoides S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
- Machilus verruculosa H.W. Li
- Machilus versicolora S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
- Machilus viridis Hand.-Mazz.
- Machilus wangchiana Chun
- Machilus wenshanensis H.W. Li
- Machilus yunnanensis Lecomte
- Machilus zuihoensis Hayata
Notes and References
- Web site: Tropicos.org.
- Book: Shugang Li . Xi-wen Li . Jie Li . Puhua Huang . Fa-Nan Wei . Hongbin Cui . Henk van der Werff . http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=119262 . Flora of China . Machilus Rumphius ex Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 61, 70. 1831.
- https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:21446-1 Machilus Nees
- Mase, K., Tagane, S., Chhang, P., & Yahara, T. (2020). A Taxonomic Study of Machilus (Lauraceae) in Cambodia based on DNA Barcodes and Morphological Observations. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, 71(2), 79–101.
