| mDungnag Tibetan | |
| Also Known As: | Dongna |
| State: | China |
| Region: | Gansu |
| Speakers: | ? |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam2: | Tibeto-Kanauri ? |
| Fam3: | Bodish |
| Fam4: | Tibetic |
| Iso3: | none |
| Glotto: | none |
mDungnag Tibetan (or mDung-nag; also known as Dongna 东纳话) is a divergent Tibetic language of western Gansu, China.[1]
mDungnag is spoken in Qifeng Tibetan Ethnic Township (祁丰藏族乡), Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Gansu, China.[2]
Shao (2018) notes that mDungnag is not mutually intelligible with either Khams Tibetan or Amdo Tibetan. It may possibly be a divergent form of Amdo Tibetan due to some shared vocabulary, although these similarities could also be due to contact. The exact classification of mDungnag within Tibetic remains uncertain.[2]
mDungnag is a non-tonal language.[2]
mDungnag can be divided into two dialects:[2]
Some lexical differences between the Hexi and Hedong dialects include the following. Translated English glosses have also been provided to supplement the original Chinese glosses from Shao (2018).[2]
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Hexi | Hedong | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乌鸦 | crow (bird) | kʰɐtʰɐ | hɐtʰɐ | |
| 黄羊 | ʱgʷɐ | ʱgo | ||
| 旱獭 | ʂʮ | ʂʷa | ||
| 开水 | boiling water | tʂʰənkʰo | tʂʰəkʰo | |
| 大坂 | large mountain | lʷɐ | lɐ | |
| 红嘴鸦 | ʰtʂoŋχʷa | ʰtʂoŋhɐ | ||
| 馒头 | mantou (steamed bun) | kɔrɐ | kʷɐrɐ | |
| 骆驼 | ʱŋɐmaŋ | ʱŋɐməŋ | ||
| 白胸黑狗 | white-chested black dog | taŋkʰar | taŋɣar | |
| 踩 | to step on | ʱdə | ʱdi | |
| 耕地 | to plow, till | ʰtʂɐk | ʱmi (perfective; imperative); ʱmɔ (imperfective) | |
| 穿 | to wear | kon | kʷan | |
| 骑 | to ride | ʂon | ʂʷan | |
| 点火 | to ignite, light (fire) | ʱdʑon | ʱdʑʷan | |
| 吵 | to quarrel | kʰon | kʰʷan | |
| 使役/使用 | to use | kʰɔ | ko | |
| 疼痛 | pain | ʱdzer | zer | |
| 舀 | to scoop | ʰtʂʷi (perfective; imperative); tʂʮ (imperfective) | sʷi (perfective; imperative); sʮ (imperfective) | |
| 数字连词 | numeral affix | sɔ | ʰtsɐ | |
| 棉袄 | cotton jacket | tʂyɣɔtsə | orə | |
| 杏子 | apricot | ɣorək | xaŋrə | |
| 山羊羔子 | kid (of mountain goat) | eᶳtsə | rəᶳtsə | |
| 帽子 | hat | ⁿgɔʂɐ | kɐli | |
| 两口子 | married couple | ʱdzɐwɐ | ʱdzɐⁿgɔ | |
| 头面 | face; woman's head ornaments | ʰtəkgʷɔ | ʰtəkdʑap |