Lysidine (nucleoside) explained

Lysidine is an uncommon nucleoside, rarely seen outside of tRNA. It is a derivative of cytidine in which the carbonyl is replaced by the amino acid lysine. The third position in the anti-codon of the Isoleucine-specific tRNA, is typically changed from a cytidine which would pair with guanosine to a lysidine which will base pair with adenosine. Lysidine improves translation fidelity because uridine cannot be used at this position even though it is a conventional partner for adenosine since it will also "wobble base pair" with guanosine.[1] [2] Lysidine is denoted as L[3] or k2C[4] (lysine bound to C2 atom of cytidine).

Notes and References

  1. Nakanishi . Kotaro . Fukai . Shuya . Ikeuchi . Yoshiho . Soma . Akiko . Sekine . Yasuhiko . Suzuki . Tsutomu . Nureki . Osamu . Structural basis for lysidine formation by ATP pyrophosphatase accompanied by a lysine-specific loop and a tRNA-recognition domain . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 24 May 2005 . 102 . 21 . 7487–7492 . 10.1073/pnas.0501003102 . 15894617 . 1140429 . 2005PNAS..102.7487N . free .
  2. Salowe . Scott P. . Wiltsie . Judyann . Hawkins . Julio C. . Sonatore . Lisa M. . The Catalytic Flexibility of tRNAIle-lysidine Synthetase Can Generate Alternative tRNA Substrates for Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase . Journal of Biological Chemistry . April 2009 . 284 . 15 . 9656–9662 . 10.1074/jbc.M809013200 . 19233850 . 2665086 . free .
  3. Nakanishi . Kotaro . Bonnefond . Luc . Kimura . Satoshi . Suzuki . Tsutomu . Ishitani . Ryuichiro . Nureki . Osamu . Structural basis for translational fidelity ensured by transfer RNA lysidine synthetase . Nature . October 2009 . 461 . 7267 . 1144–1148 . 10.1038/nature08474 . 19847269 . 2009Natur.461.1144N . 4426738 .
  4. Sonawane . Kailas D. . Tewari . Ravindra . Conformational Preferences of Hypermodified Nucleoside Lysidine (k2C) Occurring at 'Wobble' Position in Anticodon Loop of tRNAIle . Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids . 19 September 2008 . 27 . 10–11 . 1158–1174 . 10.1080/15257770802341475 . 18788046 . 25220901 .

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