Lophophorata Explained

The Lophophorata or Tentaculata are a Lophotrochozoan clade consisting of the Brachiozoa and the Bryozoa.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} They have a lophophore. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that lophophorates are protostomes, but on morphological grounds they have been assessed as deuterostomes.^[5] Fossil finds of the "tommotiid" Wufengella suggest that they evolved from worm-like animals that resembled annelids.^{[6] [7]}

Notes and References

1. Temereva. Elena N.. Kuzmina. Tatyana V.. 2017-07-31. The first data on the innervation of the lophophore in the rhynchonelliform brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea: what is the ground pattern of the lophophore in lophophorates?. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17. 1 . 172. 10.1186/s12862-017-1029-5. free. 1471-2148. 5537927. 28760135.
2. (1972). The Lophophorate Coelomates. in: Invertebrate Zoology 2nd ed. 671–697
3. Luo. Yi-Jyun. Kanda. Miyuki. Koyanagi. Ryo. Hisata. Kanako. Akiyama. Tadashi. Sakamoto. Hirotaka. Sakamoto. Tatsuya. Satoh. Noriyuki. 2017-12-04. Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2. 1. 141–151. 10.1038/s41559-017-0389-y. 2397-334X. 29203924. free.
4. Hausdorf. B.. Helmkampf. M.. Meyer. A.. Witek. A.. Herlyn. H.. Bruchhaus. I.. Hankeln. T.. Struck. T. H.. Lieb. B.. 2007-06-29. Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta. Molecular Biology and Evolution. en. 24. 12. 2723–2729. 10.1093/molbev/msm214. 0737-4038. 17921486. free.
5. Jang. Kuem. Hwang. Ui. 2009. Complete mitochondrial genome of Bugula neritina (Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata): phylogenetic position of Bryozoa and phylogeny of lophophorates within the Lophotrochozoa. BMC Genomics. en. 10. 1. 167. 10.1186/1471-2164-10-167. free. 1471-2164. 2678162. 19379522.
6. Guo. Jin. Parry. Luke A.. Vinther. Jakob. Edgecombe. Gregory D.. Wei. Fan. Zhao. Yang. Béthoux. Olivier. Lei. Xiangtong. Chen. Ailin. Hou. Xianguang. Chen. Taimin. Cong. Peiyun. 6. A Cambrian tommotiid preserving soft tissues reveals the metameric ancestry of lophophorates. 2022. 32. 21. Current Biology. 4769–4778.e2. 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.011. free. 36170853.
7. Web site: An ancient hairy, armoured worm lived in the oceans over 500 million years ago. Davis. Josh. 29 September 2022. 8 February 2023. Natural History Museum. The Trustees of The Natural History Museum. London.