Local Tate duality explained

In Galois cohomology, local Tate duality (or simply local duality) is a duality for Galois modules for the absolute Galois group of a non-archimedean local field. It is named after John Tate who first proved it. It shows that the dual of such a Galois module is the Tate twist of usual linear dual. This new dual is called the (local) Tate dual.

Local duality combined with Tate's local Euler characteristic formula provide a versatile set of tools for computing the Galois cohomology of local fields.

Statement

Let K be a non-archimedean local field, let K^s denote a separable closure of K, and let G_K = Gal(K^s/K) be the absolute Galois group of K.

Case of finite modules

Denote by μ the Galois module of all roots of unity in K^s. Given a finite G_K-module A of order prime to the characteristic of K, the Tate dual of A is defined as

A ^{\prime=Hom(A,\mu)} (i.e. it is the Tate twist of the usual dual A^∗). Let Hⁱ(K, A) denote the group cohomology of G_K with coefficients in A. The theorem states that the pairingH ^{i(K,A) x} H ^{2-i} (K,A ^{\prime) →} H ^{2(K,\mu)=Q/Z}

given by the cup product sets up a duality between Hⁱ(K, A) and H^2-i(K, A^′) for i = 0, 1, 2. Since G_K has cohomological dimension equal to two, the higher cohomology groups vanish.

Case of p-adic representations

Let p be a prime number. Let Q_p(1) denote the p-adic cyclotomic character of G_K (i.e. the Tate module of μ). A p-adic representation of G_K is a continuous representation

\rho:G _{K → GL(V)} where V is a finite-dimensional vector space over the p-adic numbers Q_p and GL(V) denotes the group of invertible linear maps from V to itself.^[1] The Tate dual of V is defined asV ^{\prime = Hom (V, Q} _{p( 1 ))} (i.e. it is the Tate twist of the usual dual V^∗ = Hom(V, Q_p)). In this case, Hⁱ(K, V) denotes the continuous group cohomology of G_K with coefficients in V. Local Tate duality applied to V says that the cup product induces a pairingH ^{i(K,V) x} H ^{2-i} (K,V ^{\prime) →} H ^{2 (K, Q} _{p( 1 )) = Q} _{p}

which is a duality between Hⁱ(K, V) and H^2-i(K, V ′) for i = 0, 1, 2. Again, the higher cohomology groups vanish.

See also

• Tate duality, a global version (i.e. for global fields)

References

• • , translation of Cohomologie Galoisienne, Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes 5 (1964).

Notes and References

1. Some authors use the term p-adic representation to refer to more general Galois modules.