List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war explained

Clickable map of the depopulated locations

During the 1947–1949 Palestine war, or the Nakba, around 400 Palestinian Arab towns and villages were forcibly depopulated, with a majority being destroyed and left uninhabitable.[1] [2] Today these locations are all in Israel; many of the locations were repopulated by Jewish immigrants, with their place names replaced with Hebrew place names.

Arabs remained in small numbers in some of the cities (Haifa, Jaffa and Acre); and Jerusalem was divided between Jordan and Israel. Around 30,000 Palestinians remained in Jerusalem in what became the Arab part of it (East Jerusalem). In addition, some 30,000 non-Jewish refugees relocated to East Jerusalem, while 5,000 Jewish refugees moved from the Old City to West Jerusalem on the Israeli side. An overwhelming number of the Arab residents who had lived in the cities that became a part of Israel and were renamed (Acre, Haifa, Safad, Tiberias, Ashkelon, Beersheba, Jaffa and Beisan) fled or were expelled. Most of the Palestinians who remain there are internally displaced people from the villages nearby.[3]

A number of the towns and villages were destroyed by Israeli forces in the aftermath of the 1948 war, but it was not until 1965 that more than 100 remaining locations – including many of the largest depopulated places – were demolished by the Israel Land Administration.[4]

There are more than 120 "village memorial books" documenting the history of the depopulated Palestinian villages. These books are based on accounts given by villagers. Rochelle A. Davis has described the authors as seeking "to pass on information about their villages and their values to coming generations".[5]

The towns and villages listed below are arranged according to the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine in which they were situated.

Table

Name Subdistrict ImageDate of depopulation Arab Population 1948 Land Area (dunums) Israeli Operation Massacres Status Coordinates Modern Location
Jaffa76,920 17,510 Massacre, atrocity
Haifa (Arab)72,848 54,305 Massacre, atrocity
Jerusalem (Qatamon)69,693 20,790 various Massacre, atrocity
Tarabin Bedouin32,665 1,362,475 Some walls
Lydda19,442 23,723 Massacre, atrocity
Ramla17,586 40,567 Atrocity
'Azazme Bedouin16,746 5,700,000
Tayaha Bedouin16,248 2,085,825
Acre14,280 1,29 Massacre
Al Majdal11,496 43,680 Ashkelon
Safad (Arab)11,055 4,431 Atrocity
Jbarat Bedouin9,058 379,175
Salama7,807 6,471 Atrocity 3 or more Jewish families Tel Aviv
Hanajreh Bedouin7,599 78,325
al-'Abbasiyya6,554 20,540 Atrocity 3 or more Jewish families Yehud,[6] Magshimim, Ganne Yehuda, Ganne Tiqwa, and Savyon
Beersheba6,461 3,890 Massacre, military assault, expulsions
Yibna6,287 59,554 3 or more Jewish families Yavne,[7] Beit Raban, Kfar HaNagid, Beit Gamliel
al-Kabri6,218 47,428 Massacre, military assault, fear Rubble Kabri, Ga'aton, Me'ona, Ein Ya'akov, Ma'alot, Kefar Vradim
Tiberias (Arab)6,160 15,729 Massacre, atrocity
al-Tira6,113 45,262 Massacre, atrocity 3 or more Jewish families HaHotrim,[8] [9] Tirat Carmel, Megadim, Kfar Galim, Kfar Tzvi Sitrin
Beisan6,009 28,957 Massacre
Hamama5,812 41,366 No trace Nitzanim,[10] Beit Ezra, Eshkolot
al-Faluja5,417 38,038 Rubble Kiryat Gat,[11] Shahar, Noga, Nir Chen, Nehora
Isdud5,359 47,871 Massacre Ashdod
Saffuriyya5,023 55,378 Atrocity Some houses
Balad al-Sheikh4,779 9,849 Balad al-Shaykh massacre, atrocity 3 or more Jewish families Nesher[12]
Yazur4,675 11,807 Atrocity 1 or 2 Jewish families Azor,[13] Holon
Bayt Dajan4,454 17,327 3 or more Jewish families Beit Dagan[14] [15] Mishmar HaShiv'a Hemed Ganot
'Ajjur4,327 58,074 Some houses Agur,[16] Tzafririm, Givat Yeshayahu, Li-On, Tirosh Britannia Park[17]
al-Dawayima4,304 60,585 Massacre Rubble Karmei Katif[18] Amatzia
Shefa-'Amr4,211 89,985
Samakh4,014 18,611 Rubble Ma'agan[19] [20] Tel Katzir Masada, Sha'ar HaGolan
Ayn Karim3,689 15,029 3 or more Jewish families
al-Safiriyya3,561 12,842 3 or more Jewish families Tzafria,[21] Kfar Chabad, Ahi'ezer Tochelet Sharir[22] Shafrir (at the site of what is now Kfar Chabad) has been absorbed in the previous, and in the suburbs of Rishon LeZion
Ijzim3,445 46,905 Massacre 3 or more Jewish families Kerem Maharal[23]
al-Bassa3,422 29,535 Al-Bassa massacre, military assault, expulsion[24] Some houses Betzet,[25] Rosh HaNiqra, Shlomi,[26] Tzahal,[27] Matzuva
Kafr 'Ana3,248 17,353 No trace Neve Monosson[28] Yagel Or Yehuda[29]
Bayt Daras3,190 16,357 Massacre, atrocity Rubble Giv'ati[30] [31] Emunim Azrikam
Burayr3,178 46,184 Massacre Some walls Bror Hayil,[32] [33] Tlamim, Zohar, Sde David, Heletz
Lifta2,958 8,743 Atrocity 3 or more Jewish families
al-Masmiyya al-Kabira2,923 20,687 3 or more Jewish families Bnei Re'em, Hatzav, Yinon, Ahva
Aqir2,877 15,825 Atrocity 3 or more Jewish families Kiryat Ekron, Mazkeret Batya[34] Ganei Yohanan
Bayt Jibrin2,819 56,185 3 or more Jewish families Beit Guvrin (kibbutz)[35]
al-Jura2,807 12,224 Some houses Ashkelon
Barbara2,796 13,978 Some walls Mavki'im,[36] [37] Talmei Yafeh
Bayt Mahsir2,784 16,268 3 or more Jewish families Beit Meir,[38] [39] Mesilat Zion
Zarnuqa2,761 6,068 Atrocity 1 or 2 Jewish families Rehovot, Kvutzat Shiller, Gibton and Givat Brenner
Lubya2,726 39,629 Rubble Lavi, Lavi Pine Forest, South African Park
Bayt Nabala2,680 15,051 Some walls Kfar Truman,[40] and Beit Nehemia
Dayr al-Qassi2,668 34,011 3 or more Jewish families Mattat,[41] Elkosh,[42] Abirim, Netu'a
Hiribya2,598 22,312 Some houses Zikim,[43] Karmia, Yad Mordechai
Wadi al-Hawarith2,552 4,447 Atrocity 1 or 2 Jewish families Kfar Haroeh,[44] Geulei Teiman
Ayn Ghazal2,517 18,079 Massacre Some walls Ein Ayala?[45] Ofer
Bayt Nattif2,494 44,587 Rubble Netiv HaLamed-Heh, Aviezer, Neve Michael[46]
al-Mansura2,482 55,583 Some walls Chazon[47] Tefashot, Kallanit, Ravid
Dayr Aban2,436 22,734 Some walls Tzora,[48] Mahseya, Beit Shemesh, and Yish'i
Iraq al-Manshiyya2,332 17,901 No trace Gat,[49] Kiryat Gat, Sde Moshe
al-Qubab2,297 13,918 3 or more Jewish families Gezer,[50] Kefar Bin-Nun,[51] Mishmar Ayyalon
Qaqun2,285 41,767 Rubble HaMa'apil,[52] Gan Yoshiya, Ometz, ´Olesh, Haniel, Yikon
Sarafand al-Amar2,262 13,267 1 or 2 Jewish families Zerifin and Nir Zevi
al-Maliha2,250 6,828 3 or more Jewish families
al-Shaykh Muwannis2,239 15,972 Atrocity 3 or more Jewish families Tel Aviv
az-Zeeb2,216 12,607 Military assault Some houses
al-Mujaydil2,204 18,836 Rubble Migdal HaEmek, Yifat
2,204 18,470 Some houses Herzliya
Khirbat al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'2,169 7,036 Massacre Some walls
al-Khalisa2,134 11,280 Some houses Kiryat Shemona
Dayr Tarif2,030 8,756 Atrocity Rubble Beit Arif[53]
al-Maghar2,018 15,390 3 or more Jewish families Beit Elazari[54]
al-Qubayba1,995 10,737 1 or 2 Jewish families Ge'alya
[55] Kfar Gevirol; Kefar Hanaggid is near settlement land,[56] but located on land belonging to Yibna
Sabbarin1,972 25,307 Massacre Rubble Ramot Menashe, Amikam
al-Walaja1,914 17,708 Some houses Amminadav[57]
Bashshit1,879 18,553 1 or 2 Jewish families Neve Mivtah[58] Meshar, Kfar Mordechai, Misgav Dov, Kannot, Shedema, and Aseret.
Hunin1,879 14,224 Massacre Rubble Misgav Am[59] Margaliot
Wadi Hunayn1,879 5,401 1 or 2 Jewish families Israel Institute for Biological Research,[60] [61] Nes Tziyyona,
Arab al Bashatwi1,810 20,739 No trace
Majdal Yaba1,763 26,632 Rubble Rosh HaAyin, Givat HaShlosha, Nahshonim,[62] Migdal Afek[63]
al-Salihiyya1,763 5,607 No trace
Jimzu1,752 9,681 Some walls Moshav Gimzo[64]
Jiddin1,740 7,587 Rubble Yehiam,[65] Kiryat, and Ga'aton[66]
al-Tantura1,728 14,520 Massacre Some houses Nahsholim,[67] Dor[68]
Umm az-Zinat1,705 22,156 Rubble Eliakim[69] [70]
al-Na'ani1,705 16,129 Some houses Na'an,[71] Ramot Me'ir
al-Birwa1,694 13,542 Military assault Some houses Ahihud,[72] Yas'ur[73]
al-Nabi Rubin1,647 31,002 Some houses Palmachim,[74] Gan Sorek
Zir'in1,647 23,920 Rubble Yizre'el
al-Khayriyya1,647 13,672 Some houses Ramat Pinkas Ariel Sharon Park
Innaba1,647 12,857 Rubble Kefar Shemu'el[75]
Karatiyya1,589 13,709 Atrocity Rubble Komemiyut,[76] Revaha, Nehora
al-Damun1,520 20,357 Military assault Rubble
Ni'ilya1,520 5,233 Some houses Ashkelon[77]
Tell es-Safi1,496 28,925 Some walls
Simsim1,496 16,797 Massacre Rubble Gvar'am[78]
al-Tira1,496 6,956 3 or more Jewish families Tirat Yehuda,[79] Giv'at Ko'ah, Bareket
Kafr Saba1,473 9,688 Some houses Hak'ramim,[80] Beit Berl, Kfar Saba, Neve Yamin
al-Sindiyana1,450 15,172 Rubble Aviel[81]
Ghuwayr Abu Shusha1,438 12,098 Rubble Ginosar,[82] Livnim
al-Ghabisiyya1,438 11,786 Atrocity Rubble Netiv HaShayara[83]
Ajanjul1,438 11,401 Rubble
Amqa1,438 6,068 Military assault Rubble
al-Jiyya1,427 8,506 No trace Beit Shikma,[84] Ge'a[85] [86]
al-'Abisiyya1,415 15,429 No trace Kfar Szold
Qatra1,404 7,853 Some houses Gedera[87] and Kidron[88]
al-Mansi1,392 12,272 Atrocity Some walls Midrakh Oz[89]
Fajja1,392 4,919 Atrocity Some houses Petah Tikva[90]
Hittin1,380 22,764 Rubble Arbel, Kefar Zetim
az-Zakariyya1,369 15,320 3 or more Jewish families Zekharia[91]
Jusayr1,369 12,361 Some houses Menuha,[92] Wardon
al-Muzayri'a1,346 10,822 Rubble Mazor[93] [94] Nechalim El'ad[95]
al-Ja'una1,334 839 3 or more Jewish families Rosh Pinna
Jaba'1,322 7,012 Rubble Geva Karmel[96] [97]
Saidiyeen Bedouin1,312 1,238,375
Suhmata1,311 17,056 Military assault Some walls Tzuriel,[98] Hosen
Sa'sa'1,311 14,796 Massacre 3 or more Jewish families Sasa[99]
Naghnaghiya1,311 12,139 Atrocity Rubble
Lajjun1,279 77,242 Massacre Some houses Kibbutz Megiddo[100]
Saqiya1,276 5,850 3 or more Jewish families Or Yehuda[101]
al-Jammasin al-Gharbi1,253 1,365 3 or more Jewish families
Yasur1,241 16,390 Some houses Talmei Yehiel, Bnei Ayish
Saliha1,241 11,735 Massacre Some houses Yir'on[102] [103] and Avivim
al-Qubayba1,230 11,912 No trace Lakhish
Bayt Tima1,230 11,032 Massacre Rubble
al-Zuq al-Tahtani1,218 11,634 Some houses Beyt Hillel[104]
Kuwaykat1,218 4,733 Military assault Rubble Beit HaEmek[105] [106]
Sarafand al-Kharab1,206 5,503 1 or 2 Jewish families Ness Ziona[107]
Ehewat Bedouin1,200 1,728,935
Julis1,195 13,584 1 or 2 Jewish families Hodaya[108]
al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya1,195 7,523 No trace Merkaz Shapira,[109] Masu'ot Yitzhak,
al-Na'ima1,195 7,155 No trace Neot Mordechai,[110] Kefar Blum, and Beyt Hillel
al-Ghazzawiyya1,183 18,408 No trace
Qula1,172 4,347 Massacre Rubble
Tarbikha1,160 18,563 Expulsion 3 or more Jewish families Shomera,[111] [112] Even Menachem, Shtula, Zar'it
al-Batani al-Gharbi1,137 4,574 Rubble
al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya1,125 13,831 No trace Ein Tzurim,[113] Shafir, Zrahia, Nir Banim
Hatta1,125 5,305 Rubble Zavdiel,[114] Aluma
Umm Khalid1,125 2,894 3 or more Jewish families Netanya
Qumbaza1,114 31,786 Massacre, atrocity Some houses Kerem Maharal[115]
Zikrin1,114 17,195 Atrocity Rubble
Alma1,102 19,498 Some walls Alma[116]
Summil1,102 19,304 Some walls Kedma,[117] Sgula, Menuha, Nahala, Vardon
Qazaza1,090 18,829 Atrocity Israel Defense Forces base
Bayt Jirja1,090 8,481 Some houses
Qaytiyya1,090 5,390 Rubble Kfar Blum,[118] possibly Beit Hillel
al-Kafrayn1,067 10,882 Rubble
Safsaf1,056 7,391 Massacre Some houses Kfar Hoshen,[119] [120] Bar Yohai[121]
Qalunya1,056 4,844 1 or 2 Jewish families Mevaseret Zion
Qastina1,032 12,019 Rubble Kfar Warburg,[122] Arugot, Kfar Ahim, Avigdor, Kiryat Malakhi
Barqa1,032 5,206 Some houses
Mallaha1,032 2,168 Rubble
Miska1,021 8,076 Rubble Sde Warburg, Mishmeret[123]
Abu Shusha1,009 9,425 Abu Shusha Massacre No trace
al-'Ubaydiyya1,009 5,173 Some walls
al-Mas'udiyya986 Some houses Tel Aviv
al-Zanghariyya974 27,918 Some walls Elifelet[124]
Arab al-Nufay'at951 8,937 Some houses Mikhmoret[125]
Ayn al-Zaytun951 1,100 Ein al-Zeitun massacre, atrocity Some houses
Sirin940 28,445 Some houses
Huj940 21,988 Some houses Dorot[126] Havat Shikmim
al-Manshiyya940 14,886 Military assault 1 or 2 Jewish families Shomrat,[127] Bustan HaGalil
al-Sawalima928 5,942 No trace Neve Sharett
Umm al-Faraj928 825 Massacre, military assault Rubble Ben Ami[128]
Mi'ar893 10,788 Some walls Segev,[129] Ya'ad Manof
al-Shajara893 3,754 Rubble Ilaniya
Tall al-Turmus882 11,508 Rubble Timorim
al-Sumayriyya882 8,542 Military assault Some walls Lohamei HaGeta'ot,[130] [131] Shomrat
al-Haditha882 7,110 Some houses
Zawiya882 3,958 No trace Neot Mordechai
Qannir870 11,331 Atrocity Rubble Regavim[132]
al-Tina870 7,001 Rubble
Khirbat Umm Sabuna868 Rubble
Ghabat Kafr Sur858 19,666 Some houses Beit Yehoshua,[133] Kfar Neter, Tel Yitzhaq
Fir'im858 2,191 Rubble Hatzor HaGlilit
al-Hamra847 11,511 No trace
Deir al-Dubban847 7,784 Rubble Luzit, Britannia Park
Barfiliya847 7,134
Dayr Sunayd847 6,081 Some houses
al-Jammasin al-Sharqi847 358 Some houses
al-Burayj835 19,080 Sdot Micha,[134] Sdot Micha Airbase
Awlam835 18,546 Rubble
Abu Shusha835 8,960 Rubble Mishmar HaEmek
Kafr Bir'im824 12,250 Some walls Bar'am,[135] Dovev[136]
Bayt 'Affa812 5,808 No trace
al-Dawwara812 5,470 No trace ‘Amir, Sde Nehemia
Ma'alul800 4,698 Rubble Migdal HaEmek, Kfar HaHoresh, Timrat,[137] [138] and an Israeli military base
Kawkaba789 8,542 Some walls Kokhav Michael[139]
al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya789 5,861 Rubble
al-Farradiyya777 19,747 Rubble Parod, Shefer
Iraq Suwaydan766 7,529 No trace Yad Natan,[140] Otzem, Sde Yoav
al-Butayha754 16,690 Some walls Almagor[141]
Ayn Hawd754 12,605 3 or more Jewish families Ein Hod[142] [143] Nir Etzion
Arab al-Safa754 12,518 No trace
al-Batani al-Sharqi754 5,764 Rubble
Khirbat al-Sarkas751 No trace Gan Shmuel,[144] Talmei Elazar
Lid742 13,572 Rubble HaYogev[145]
Najd719 13,576 Some walls Sderot,[146] Or HaNer[147]
Indur719 12,444 Some walls
Ras Abu 'Ammar719 8,342 Rubble Tzur Hadassah[148]
al-Ras al-Ahmar719 7,934 1 or 2 Jewish families Kerem Ben Zimra[149]
Ishwa719 5,522 3 or more Jewish families Eshtaol
Suba719 4,102 Some walls Tzova,[150] Yedida school
Arab Ghawarina / Jidru719 3,428
Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri719 1,387 No trace
al-Nahr708 5,261 Massacre, military assault Some houses Ben Ami,[151] [152] Kabri
Deir Yassin708 2,857 3 or more Jewish families Givat Shaul Beth and Har Nof neighborhoods of Jerusalem
Yajur708 2,720 No trace Yagur[153]
Dayr Nakhkhas696 14,476 Some houses
Dayshum684 23,044 Rubble Dishon[154] [155]
Rantiya684 4,389 Some houses Mazor,[156] Nofekh, Rinatia[157]
al-Muharraqa673 4,855 Rubble Yakhini[158]
Nuris661 6,256 Rubble
Saris650 10,699 Rubble Shoresh, Sho'eva, Neve Ilan
Bayt Jiz638 8,357 Some houses Har'el,[159] [160] Tzelafon, Gizo
Abu Zurayq638 6,493 Massacre No trace
Mughallis626 11,459 Rubble Gefen[161]
Bayt 'Itab626 8,757 Some walls Nes Harim[162]
Ibdis626 4,593 No trace
Sataf626 3,775 Some walls
Taytaba615 8,453 Rubble
al-Masmiyya al-Saghira615 6,478 No trace Masmiya Bet,[163] Kfar HaRif[164]
al-Sakhina615 6,400 No trace Nir David[165]
Arab al-Bawati603 10,641 Rubble
Hadatha603 10,310 Rubble
Dimra603 8,492 Rubble Erez[166]
al-Haram603 8,065 3 or more Jewish families
al-Buwayziyya592 14,620 Rubble
Bir Ma'in592 9,319 Some walls Makkabim[167]
Salbit592 6,111 No trace Shaalvim[168]
Abu al-Fadl592 2,870 Atrocity Some houses Sitria[169] [170] Talmey Menashe
al-Barriyya592 2,831 Some houses Azarya,[171] [172] Beyt Chashmonay
Kawfakha580 8,569 Rubble Nir Akiva[173]
Iqrit568 24,722 Expulsion Rubble Shomera,[174] Even Menachem, Goren, Gornot ha-Galil
Idnibba568 8,103 Rubble Kfar Menahem
al-Manara568 6,797 Rubble
Mughr al-Khayt568 6,627 Some houses Chatzor ha-Gelilit and Ro'sh Pinna
Ma'dhar557 11,666 Rubble Kefar Qish[175]
Kafr Sabt557 9,850 Rubble Sdeh Ilan,[176] Ilaniya Sharona
Umm ash Shauf557 7,426 Massacre Rubble Givat Nili[177]
al-Burj557 4,708 Some walls Kfar Rut[178]
Ijlil al-Qibliyya545 15,207 Some houses
al-Khisas545 4,795 Massacre Some houses HaGoshrim
al-Murassas534 14,477 No trace
Qabba'a534 13,817 Rubble
Dayr Muhaysin534 10,008 Rubble Beqoa'[179]
Khirbat Bayt Lid534 5,336 d No trace Nordia[180] [181]
Kudna522 15,744 Rubble Beit Nir Britannia Park
al-Lawz522 4,502 Rubble
Allar510 12,356 Some houses Mata,[182] Bar Giora
Qumya510 4,898 Rubble Ein Harod (Ihud)[183]
Dayr Rafat499 13,242 Rubble Givat Shemesh[184]
Kafra499 9,172 Rubble
Hulayqat487 7,063 No trace
al-Jura487 4,158 Some houses Ora[185]
Jahula487 3,869 Rubble
Bir Salim476 3,401 No trace Netzer Sereni[186]
al-Dalhamiyya476 2,852 No trace
Daniyal476 2,808 1 or 2 Jewish families Kfar Daniel[187] [188]
Qira476 7 Rubble Yokneam Moshava, Yokneam Illit, HaZore'a
Hawsha464 Some walls
Arab Suqrir452 40,224 Barak/Nikayon Atrocity Some houses Bnei Darom[189] Netivot[190] Nir Galim,[191] Ashdod
Qadas452 14,139 Some walls Yiftah, Malkia, Ramot Naftali
al-Qudayriyya452 12,487 Massacre Some walls Kahal[192]
al-Samakiyya441 10,526 Rubble Amnun,[193] Korazim
Beit Lahm429 7,526
Sajad429 2,795 Israeli military zone
Iribbin418 11,463 Rubble Adamit,[194] Goren
Dallata418 9,074 Rubble Dalton[195]
Al-Malkiyya418 7,328 Malkiya[196] [197]
Kafr 'Inan418 5,827 Expulsion Some houses Kfar Hananya
al-Jaladiyya418 4,329 No trace
al-Muwaylih418 3,342 Some houses Neve Yarak
Kirad al-Baqqara418 2,262 Some walls Gadot and Mishmar ha-Yarden
al-Mansura418 1,544 No trace She'ar Yashuv[198]
al-Majdal418 103 Rubble Migdal, Israel
al-Muftakhira406 9,215 Rubble Shamir, Israel
al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta406 6,773 Rubble
Kirad al-Ghannama406 3,975 Rubble Ayyelet ha-Shahar and Gadot
Artuf406 403 1 or 2 Jewish families Naham[199]
Kafr Lam394 6,838 1 or 2 Jewish families HaBonim,[200] Ein Ayala[201]
Tulayl394 5,324 Some houses
Sar'a394 4,967 Rubble Tarum[202]
al-Dumun394 2,797 Some houses
Zayta383 10,490 No trace
Jilya383 10,347
al-Tabigha383 5,389 Massacre Some walls
Farwana383 4,996 Some walls Rechov[203] Chawwat Eden
Abil al-Qamh383 4,615 Rubble Yuval
Barqusya383 3,216 Massacre Rubble
al-Ruways383 1,163 Rubble
al-Nuqayb371 13,010 Some walls Ein Gev
Nimrin371 12,019 Achuzzat Naftali, IDF ammunition depot
Wadi Qabbani371 9,812 No trace HaOgen[204]
Fara371 7,229 Some houses
Dayr Ayyub371 6,028 various Some walls Canada Park
al-Sammu'i360 15,135 Some walls
al-Dirbashiyya360 2,883 Rubble
360 2,714 No trace Hadera[205]
Kawkab al-Hawa348 9,949 No trace
Bayt Far348 5,604 Rubble Tal Shahar[206] [207]
Biyar 'Adas348 5,492 Some houses Adanim,[208] Elishama
al-Tall348 Military assault Rubble
Meiron336 14,114 Some walls Meron[209]
al-Samra336 12,563 No trace HaOn[210] [211]
Burayka336 11,434 Inaccessible
al-Sarafand336 5,409 Some houses
Khubbayza336 4,854 Rubble
336 1,692 Some houses
Daliyat al-Rawha'325 10,008 Rubble Ramot Menashe?[212] Dalia[213]
325 9,461 Some houses Mishmar David[214]
Kasla325 8,004 Rubble Ramat Raziel,[215] Ksalon
Shahma325 6,875
325 4,215 Rubble Lehavot HaBashan
al-Mazar313 14,501 Rubble Prazon, Meitav, and Gan Ner
al-'Umur313 4,163 Rubble Giv'at Ye'arim[216]
al-Manshiyya302 16,770 Rubble Ein ha-Horesh,[217] Giv'at Chayirn, and Ahituv
Umm al ‘Amad302 9,225
al-Bira302 6,866 Some walls
Umm 'Ajra302 6,443 No trace Shif’a[218]
Bayt Thul302 4,629 Some walls Nataf,[219] Neve Ilan[220]
al-Qabu302 3,806 Rubble Mevo Beitar
'Akbara302 3,224 Some houses
al-Khunayzir302 3,107 No trace Tirat Zvi[221]
Khan al-Duwayr302 2,163 No trace
Islin302 2,159 Some walls Eshtaol[222]
al-'Ulmaniyya302 1,169 No trace
Jabbul290 15,127 Rubble
al-Samiriyya290 3,873 Some walls Sdei Trumot[223]
Harrawi290 3,726 No trace
Biriyya278 5,579 3 or more Jewish families Birya
Bayt Naqquba278 2,979 3 or more Jewish families Beit Nekofa[224]
Qaddita278 2,441 Rubble Kadita
al-Rihaniyya278 1,930 Rubble Ramat HaShofet Ein HaEmek
Wadi Ara267 9,795 Some houses Ein Iron, Barkai[225]
al-Ashrafiyya267 6,711 No trace
Lazzaza267 1,586 No trace Beit Hillel
al-Hamidiyya255 10,902 Rubble
255 6,781 Rubble
Ghuraba255 3,453 Some walls Gonen[226]
Yaquq244 8,507 Rubble Hukok[227]
al-Mazar244 7,976 Atrocity Rubble Ein Carmel
Khirbat Zalafa244 7,713 No trace
Saydun244 7,487 Some houses
Bayt Susin244 6,481 Rubble Ta'oz
Yubla244 5,165 No trace
Bayt Shanna244 3,617 Some houses
al-Mukhayzin232 12,548 No trace Chafetz Chayyim,[228] Revadim, Yad Binyamin, Beyt Chilqiyya
Mansurat al-Khayt232 6,735 Massacre Rubble Kfar Hanassi?[229] However, Khalidi writes that it is on the land of Tuba[230]
al-Shawka al-Tahta232 2,132 Rubble
Arab al-Samniyya232 1,872 Massacre Some houses Ya'ara[231]
al-Mansura223 No trace
al-Latrun220 8,376 Danny/others No trace
Ra'na220 6,925 No trace Gal On
Danna220 6,614 Rubble
al-Khayma220 5,150 No trace
Jarash220 3,518 Rubble
Ijlil al-Shamaliyya220 2,450 No trace Glil Yam[232]
al-Buwayra220 1,150 Some walls
Jarisha220 555 No trace Tel Aviv,[233] Ramat Gan
Wa'arat al-Sarris220 3 or more Jewish families
Bil'in209 8,036 Massacre Rubble Qedma[234]
Jubb Yusuf197 11,325 No trace
Zab'a197 3,968 No trace Beyt Yosef[235] Doshen
al-Shuna197 3,660 Some houses
Kharruba197 3,374 Rubble
197 51 Some houses
al-Zuq al-Fawqani186 1,832 Rubble Yuval
al-Tira174 10,207 Rubble Gazit[236] [237]
'Atlit174 9,083
al-Khisas174 6,269 Rubble Ashkelon[238]
Arab al-'Arida174 2,280 No trace Sde Eliyahu[239]
Raml Zayta162 14,837 1 or 2 Jewish families Sde Yitzhak,[240] Chadera
Umm Burj162 13,083 Some walls Nehusha[241]
Ammuqa162 2,574 Rubble Amuka[242]
al-Sanbariyya151 2,532 No trace Ma'yan Barukh[243] and Dafna
Khirbat Sa'sa'151 Some walls
al-Manshiyya140 No trace
Kabara139 9,831 Rubble Ma'ayan Tzvi,[244] Ma'agan Michael,[245] Beit Hanania
Tall al-Shawk139 3,685 No trace
al-Butaymat128 8,557 Some walls Gal'ed[246] Former: Regavim[247]
al-Fatur128 729 No trace
al-Dirdara116 6,361 No trace
Masil al-Jizl116 5,873 No trace Kfar Ruppin[248]
Shilta116 5,380 No trace Shilat,[249] Kfar Ruth
al-Wayziyya116 3,826 Rubble
al-Duhayriyya116 1,341 Some walls
al-Mansura104 2,328 No trace
al-Qastal104 1,446 Rubble Mevaseret Zion[250] Castel National Park
Ayn al-Mansi104 1,295 No trace
Nasir al-Din104 Massacre No trace Tiberias
Marus93 3,183 Atrocity Rubble
al-Nabi Yusha'81 3,617 Rubble Ramot Naftali
Sabalan81 1,798 Some houses
Bayt Umm al-Mays81 1,013 Some walls
81 Rubble
Dayr al-Hawa70 5,907 Rubble
Ghabbatiyya70 2,933 Some walls
Sufla70 2,061 Rubble
Umm Kalkha70 1,405 No trace Yesodot[251] [252]
Dayr Abu Salama70 1,195 Rubble
Aqqur46 5,522 Some walls
al-Kunayyisa46 3,872 Some walls
Nitaf46 1,401 Some houses
al Zuwaira PS46
Al-Imara46 No trace
al-Jammama46 Some walls Ruhama[253]
Al-Khalasa46 Some walls
Asluj PS46
Auja al-Hafir46 Nessana
Ghamr PS46
Kurnub PS46
Um Rashrash46
Baysamun23 2,102 No trace
Yarda, Safad23 1,368 Some walls Ayyelet ha-Shahar[254] and Mishmar ha-Yarden
Fardisya23 1,092 Some houses Sha'ar Efraim[255]
Ism Allah23 568 1 or 2 Jewish families
Dayr 'Amr12 3,072 3 or more Jewish families Eitanim[256]
incl. incl. Tel Aviv
al-Manaraincl. incl. Rubble
al-'Urayfiyyaincl. incl. No trace
al-Ghubayya al-Fawqaincl. incl. Rubble
al-Ghubayya al-Tahtaincl. incl. No trace Midrakh Oz[257]
al-Hamra'incl. incl. Some walls
al-Husayniyyaincl. incl. Massacre Some walls
al-Manshiyyaincl. incl. Rubble Beit Zera
al-Mansuraincl. incl. Expulsion No trace Netu'a,[258] Mattat, Abirim, Elkosh and Biranit
al-Nabi Rubinincl. incl. Rubble Shomera, Even Menachem, Zar'it, Shtula
Arab al Zarra'aincl. incl.
Arab al-Shamalinaincl. incl. Rubble Almagor[259]
Arab al-Zubaydincl. incl. Rubble
Barrat Qisaryaincl. incl. Some houses Or Akiva[260]
Bayyarat Hannunincl. incl. Some houses
Eilabunincl. incl. Eilabun massacre
Wadi Hamamincl. incl. Some walls
al-Jawfaincl. incl. Some walls Ma'ale Gilboa[261]
al-Kasayirincl. incl. Rubble
al-Majdalincl. incl. No trace
Khirbat Al-Manaraincl. incl. Rubble Ofer[262] Kerem Maharal
al-Sawamirincl. incl. Some walls Ofer[263]
Khirbat al-Shunaincl. incl. Some houses
al-Tannurincl. incl. Some houses Mata
al-Taqaincl. incl. No trace
Khirbat Karrazaincl. incl. Some houses Chorazin and Amnon
Khirbat Ras ‘Aliincl. incl.
al-Zawiyaincl. incl.
Madahilincl. incl. No trace
Majd al-Krumincl. incl. Massacre
Sheikh Badrincl. incl.
Suruhincl. incl. Expulsion Rubble Shomera,[264] Even Menachem, Kefar Rosenwald, Shtula
Jishincl. 12,430 Massacre
al-Zabadidaincl. 10,879 Some houses Yakum,[265] Ga'ash
Arab al Subeihincl. 8,686
al-Jalamaincl. 7,713 d Inaccessible
Tabsurincl. 5,328 No trace Ra'anana[266] and Batzra
al-Burjincl. 5,291 Some walls Binyamina
Khirbat Zakariyyaincl. 4,538 No trace
Jindasincl. 4,448
al-Muntarincl. 52 Rubble
Total- - 804,517 17,131,675 -

Other villages (not in table above)

Acre Subdistrict

Haifa Subdistrict

Jerusalem Subdistrict

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Benny Morris. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. 22 May 2013. 2004. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-00967-6. 342. About 400 villages and towns were depopulated in the course of the war and its immediate aftermath. By mid-1949, the majority of these sites were either completely or partly in ruins and uninhabitable..
  2. Book: Naseer Aruri. Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return. 22 May 2013. 20 July 2001. Pluto Press. 978-0-7453-1777-9. 50. Of the 418 depopulated villages, 293 (70%) were totally destroyed and 90 (22%) were largely destroyed. Seven survived, including 'Ayn Karim (west of Jerusalem), but were taken by Israeli settlers..
  3. Davis, 2011, pp. 237-238
  4. Shai, Aron. “The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages in Israel, 1965-1969.” History and Memory, vol. 18, no. 2, 2006, pp. 86–106: "In the spring of 1965, the Israel Land Administration (ILA) initiated the demolition (or to quote contemporary records, “leveling”) of more than one hundred of these abandoned Arab villages. For about fifteen years prior to the ILA initiative, some of the abandoned villages had been demolished, with just their mosques or churches left standing, while others still stood deserted. Some of the villages were well preserved, while others bore the ravages of time; some had been settled with Jewish immigrants at the Israeli government’s initiative (figures 1–4). In villages where the houses had collapsed or were on the verge of collapse, the scars of IDF urban warfare exercises could sometimes be seen, and there were signs of looting and vandalism. However, it was only in the spring of 1965 that a clear policy was established to “level” the abandoned villages with the aim of “clearing” the country, to quote the official term used at the time. The operation, which was deliberately planned and executed, unlike its predecessor in the aftermath of the 1948 war, lasted until the few weeks of political and military tension before the June 1967 Six-Day War, and was subsequently continued after the war, and even expanded to include the newly occupied territories... The demolition program affected a large number of villages, including al-Burj, Bir Ma‘in (near present-day Modi‘in), Tall al-Safi, Zakariyya (in the Elah Valley), Abu Shusha and al-Qubab (southeast of Ramle), al-Khayriyya (near Jaffa; the place later became the central garbage tip), and in the north—Lubya (east of Tiberias), Dalaata (near Safed), and the small town of Saffuriyya (now the Tzippori national park)."
  5. Davis, 2011, p. Preface - xvii
  6. Khalidi, 1992, p. 235
  7. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #75
  8. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #8.
  9. Khalidi, 1992, p. 198
  10. Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
  11. Khalidi, 1992, p. 97
  12. Khalidi, 1992, p. 154
  13. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #92
  14. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #91
  15. Khalidi, 1992, p. 3
  16. Khalidi, 1992, p. 2
  17. http://mondoweiss.net/2018/03/prince-william-count/ Dear Prince William, if you have to go, make it count
  18. https://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.2051365 יישוב למפוני גוש קטיף נבנה על שרידי כפר פלסטיני
  19. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #144
  20. Khalidi, 1992, p. 538
  21. Khalidi, 1992, p. 253
  22. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #113
  23. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #119
  24. Morris, 2004, p. xv
  25. Khalidi, 1992, pp. 8-9
  26. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #153, in 1949-50.
  27. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #184, in 1949.
  28. Khalidi, 1992, p. 248
  29. Volynsky and Arbel, 2015, Or Yehuda
  30. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #65, 1949-1950
  31. Khalidi, 1992, p. 87
  32. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #6
  33. Khalidi, 1992, p. 92
  34. Khalidi, 1992, p. 360
  35. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #166
  36. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #50, January 1949.
  37. Khalidi, 1992, p. 82
  38. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #28
  39. Khalidi, 1992, p. 277
  40. Khalidi, 1992, p. 366
  41. Khalidi, 1992, p. 13
  42. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #182
  43. Khalidi, 1992, p. 102
  44. Khalidi, 1992, p. 565
  45. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #118
  46. Khalidi, 1992, p. 212
  47. Khalidi, 1992, p. 533
  48. Khalidi, 1992, p. 283
  49. Khalidi, 1992, p. 108
  50. Khalidi, 1992, p. 407
  51. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #84
  52. Khalidi, 1992, p. 560
  53. Khalidi, 1992, p. 379
  54. Khalidi, 1992, p. 395
  55. Khalidi, 1992, p. 408
  56. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #85
  57. Khalidi, 1992, p. 323
  58. Khalidi, 1992, p. 363
  59. Khalidi, 1992, p. 455
  60. Khalidi, 1992, p. 421: part of it occupies the former palatial home of Abu Umar Effendi
  61. https://web.archive.org/web/20180518055041/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/archive/2003/627/focus.htm Traces of poison
  62. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #99
  63. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #100
  64. Khalidi, 1992, p. 387
  65. Khalidi, 1992, p. 19
  66. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #30
  67. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #9
  68. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #186
  69. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #117
  70. Khalidi, 1992, p. 200
  71. Khalidi, 1992, p. 400
  72. Khalidi, 1992, p. 10
  73. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #47, January 1949
  74. Khalidi, 1992, p. 403
  75. Khalidi, 1992, p. 384
  76. Khalidi, 1992, p. 119
  77. Khalidi, 1992, p. 129
  78. Khalidi, 1992, p. 136
  79. Khalidi, 1992, p. 418
  80. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #106, 1949.
  81. Khalidi, 1992, p. 193
  82. Khalidi, 1992, p. 517
  83. Khalidi, 1992, p. 15
  84. In 1950, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
  85. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #60, 1949.
  86. In 1949, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
  87. Khalidi, 1992, pp. 404-5
  88. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #76
  89. Khalidi, 1992, p. 117
  90. Khalidi, 1992, p. 240
  91. Khalidi, 1992, p. 226
  92. Khalidi, 1992, p. 118
  93. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #98
  94. Khalidi, 1992, p. 399
  95. Jakoel, 2017, Elʽad
  96. Khalidi, 1992, pp. 166, 188
  97. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #120
  98. Khalidi, 1992, p. 30
  99. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #51, established January 1949.
  100. Benvenisti, 2000, p. 319
  101. Khalidi, 1992, p. 258
  102. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #161, established 1949-50.
  103. Khalidi, 1992, p. 492
  104. Khalidi, 1992, p. 510
  105. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #45, January 1949
  106. Khalidi, 1992, p. 22
  107. Khalidi, 1992, p. 413
  108. Khalidi, 1992, p. 116
  109. Khalidi, 1992, p. 133
  110. Khalidi, 1992, p. 482
  111. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #154
  112. Khalidi, 1992, p. 34
  113. Khalidi, 1992, p. 135
  114. Khalidi, 1992, p. 101
  115. Khalidi, 1992, p. 185
  116. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #162
  117. Khalidi, 1992, p. 137
  118. Khalidi, 1992, p. 486
  119. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #49, established January 1949.
  120. Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
  121. Established in 1979. Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
  122. Khalidi, 1992, p. 131
  123. Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  124. Khalidi, 1992, p. 507
  125. Khalidi, 1992, p. 145
  126. Khalidi, 1992, p. 103
  127. Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
  128. Khalidi, 1992, p. 35
  129. Khalidi, 1992, p. 26
  130. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #53, January 1949
  131. Khalidi, 1992, p. 31
  132. Khalidi, 1992, p. 181
  133. Khalidi, 1992, p. 553
  134. Khalidi, 1991, p. 282
  135. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #160
  136. Khalidi, 1992, p. 461
  137. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #12
  138. Khalidi, 1992, p. 347
  139. Khalidi, 1992, p. 122
  140. Khalidi, 1992, p. 109
  141. Khalidi, 1992, p. 441
  142. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #123, established 1949.
  143. Khalidi, 1992, p. 151
  144. Khalidi, 1992, p. 189
  145. Khalidi, 1992, p. 174
  146. Founded in 1951 on village land, to the south of the village. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
  147. Founded in 1957 on village land, to the northeast. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
  148. Khalidi, 1992, p. 312
  149. Khalidi, 1992, p. 488
  150. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #32
  151. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, village 52
  152. Khalidi, 1992, p. 28
  153. Khalidi, 1992, p. 203
  154. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #131. Settlement date uncertain, according to Morris, but possibly 1949 (re-established 1953)
  155. Khalidi, 1992, p. 446
  156. Khalidi, 1992, p. 252
  157. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #97, in 1949
  158. Khalidi, 1992, p. 127
  159. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #33, October 1948.
  160. Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
  161. Khalidi, 1992, p. 220
  162. Khalidi, 1992, p. 275
  163. also known as Masmiya Shalom. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #72, established in 1949
  164. Khalidi, 1992, p. 126
  165. Khalidi, 1992, p. 58
  166. Khalidi, 1992, p. 942
  167. Khalidi, 1992, p. 370
  168. Khalidi, 1992, p. 410
  169. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #87, established 1949.
  170. Khalidi, 1992, p. 357
  171. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #26
  172. Khalidi, 1992, p. 362
  173. Khalidi, 1992, p. 120
  174. Khalidi, 1992, p. 17
  175. Khalidi, 1992, p. 529
  176. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #179, 1949
  177. Khalidi, 1992, p. 199
  178. Khalidi, 1992, p. 371
  179. Khalidi, 1992, p. 378
  180. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #23
  181. Khalidi, 1992, p. 550
  182. Khalidi, 1992, p. 266
  183. Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
  184. Khalidi, 1992, p. 287
  185. Khalidi, 1992, p. 298
  186. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #11
  187. Khalidi, 1992, p. 374
  188. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #73
  189. Petersen, 2001, p. 287
  190. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #77
  191. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #130
  192. Khalidi, 1992, p. 487
  193. Khalidi, 1992, p. 539
  194. Khalidi, 1992, pp. 17-18
  195. Khalidi, 1992, p. 443
  196. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #135, established 1949.
  197. Khalidi, 1992, p. 471
  198. Khalidi, 1992, p. 474
  199. Khalidi, 1992, p. 269
  200. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #121
  201. Khalidi, 1992, p. 170
  202. Khalidi, 1992, p. 314
  203. Khalidi, 1992, p. 47
  204. Khalidi, 1992, p. 566
  205. Khalidi, 1992, p. 144
  206. Khalidi, 1992, p. 364
  207. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #34, October 1948
  208. Khalidi, 1992, p. 239
  209. Morris, 2004, p. xvii, settlement #159
  210. Khalidi, 1992, p. 540
  211. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #143
  212. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #4
  213. Khalidi, 1992, p. 158
  214. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #37
  215. Khalidi, 1992, p. 299
  216. Khalidi, 1992, p. 321
  217. Khalidi, 1992, p. 557
  218. Khalidi, 1992, p. 64
  219. Khalidi, 1992, p. 280
  220. Close by, but on land traditionally belonging to Abu Ghosh, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 290
  221. Khalidi, 1992, p. 54
  222. Morris, 2004, p. xix, settlement #78, 1949
  223. Khalidi, 1992, p. 59
  224. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #80, 1949
  225. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #126, 1949
  226. Khalidi, 1992, p. 452
  227. Khalidi, 1992, p. 547
  228. Khalidi, 1992, p. 398
  229. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #13
  230. Khalidi, 1992, p. 475
  231. Khalidi, 1992, p. 6
  232. Khalidi, 1992, p. 243
  233. Mann, 2006, p. 246
  234. Khalidi, 1992, p. 91
  235. Khalidi, 1992, p. 67
  236. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #25
  237. Khalidi, 1992, p. 63
  238. Khalidi, 1992, p. 123
  239. Khalidi, 1992, p. 41
  240. Khalidi, 1992, p. 561
  241. Khalidi, 1992, p. 224
  242. Khalidi, 1992, p. 434
  243. Khalidi, 1992, p. 494
  244. Khalidi, 1992, p. 168
  245. Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #128
  246. Khalidi, 1992, p. 157
  247. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #15, July, 1948. Moved to the land of Qannir in 1949.
  248. Khalidi, 1992, p. 56
  249. Khalidi, 1992, p. 415
  250. Khalidi, 1992, p. 311
  251. Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #14
  252. Khalidi, 1992, p. 419
  253. Khalidi, 1992, p. 74
  254. Khalidi, 1992, p. 504
  255. Khalidi, 1992, p. 552
  256. Khalidi, 1992, p. 284
  257. Khalidi, 1992, p. 161
  258. Khalidi, 1992, p. 24
  259. Khalidi, 1992, p. 435
  260. Khalidi, 1992, pp. 154-155
  261. Khalidi, 1992, p. 333
  262. Khalidi, 1992, p. 176
  263. Khalidi, 1992, p. 191
  264. Khalidi, 1992, p. 32
  265. Khalidi, 1992, p. 567
  266. Khalidi. 1992, p. 562
  267. Morris, 2004, pp. 423, 514, 536