List of statistics articles explained

0–9

• 1.96
• 2SLS (two-stage least squares) redirects to instrumental variable
• 3SLS – see three-stage least squares
• 68–95–99.7 rule
• 100-year flood

A

• A priori probability
• Abductive reasoning
• Absolute deviation
• Absolute risk reduction
• Absorbing Markov chain
• ABX test
• Accelerated failure time model
• Acceptable quality limit
• Acceptance sampling
• Accidental sampling
• Accuracy and precision
• Accuracy paradox
• Acquiescence bias
• Actuarial science
• Adapted process
• Adaptive estimator
• Additive Markov chain
• Additive model
• Additive smoothing
• Additive white Gaussian noise
• Adjusted Rand index – see Rand index (subsection)
• ADMB software
• Admissible decision rule
• Age adjustment
• Age-standardized mortality rate
• Age stratification
• Aggregate data
• Aggregate pattern
• Akaike information criterion
• Algebra of random variables
• Algebraic statistics
• Algorithmic inference
• Algorithms for calculating variance
• All models are wrong
• All-pairs testing
• Allan variance
• Alignments of random points
• Almost surely
• Alpha beta filter
• Alternative hypothesis
• Analyse-it – software
• Analysis of categorical data
• Analysis of covariance
• Analysis of molecular variance
• Analysis of rhythmic variance
• Analysis of variance
• Analytic and enumerative statistical studies
• Ancestral graph
• Anchor test
• Ancillary statistic
• ANCOVA redirects to Analysis of covariance
• Anderson–Darling test
• ANOVA
• ANOVA on ranks
• ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis
• Anomaly detection
• Anomaly time series
• Anscombe transform
• Anscombe's quartet
• Antecedent variable
• Antithetic variates
• Approximate Bayesian computation
• Approximate entropy
• Arcsine distribution
• Area chart
• Area compatibility factor
• ARGUS distribution
• Arithmetic mean
• Armitage–Doll multistage model of carcinogenesis
• Arrival theorem
• Artificial neural network
• Ascertainment bias
• ASReml software
• Association (statistics)
• Association mapping
• Association scheme
• Assumed mean
• Astrostatistics
• Asymptotic distribution
• Asymptotic equipartition property (information theory)
• Asymptotic normality redirects to Asymptotic distribution
• Asymptotic relative efficiency redirects to Efficiency (statistics)
• Asymptotic theory (statistics)
• Atkinson index
• Attack rate
• Augmented Dickey–Fuller test
• Aumann's agreement theorem
• Autocorrelation
  • Autocorrelation plot redirects to Correlogram
• Autocovariance
• Autoregressive conditional duration
• Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
• Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average
• Autoregressive integrated moving average
• Autoregressive model
• Autoregressive–moving-average model
• Auxiliary particle filter
• Average
• Average treatment effect
• Averaged one-dependence estimators
• Azuma's inequality

B

• BA model model for a random network
• Backfitting algorithm
• Balance equation
• Balanced incomplete block design redirects to Block design
• Balanced repeated replication
• Balding–Nichols model
• Banburismus related to Bayesian networks
• Bangdiwala's B
• Bapat–Beg theorem
• Bar chart
• Barabási–Albert model
• Barber–Johnson diagram
• Barnard's test
• Barnardisation
• Barnes interpolation
• Bartlett's method
• Bartlett's test
• Bartlett's theorem
• Base rate
• Baseball statistics
• Basu's theorem
• Bates distribution
• Baum–Welch algorithm
• Bayes classifier
• Bayes error rate
• Bayes estimator
• Bayes factor
• Bayes linear statistics
• Bayes' rule
• Bayes' theorem
  • Evidence under Bayes theorem
• Bayesian – disambiguation
• Bayesian average
• Bayesian brain
• Bayesian econometrics
• Bayesian experimental design
• Bayesian game
• Bayesian inference
• Bayesian inference in marketing
• Bayesian inference in phylogeny
• Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling
• Bayesian information criterion
• Bayesian linear regression
• Bayesian model comparison – see Bayes factor
• Bayesian multivariate linear regression
• Bayesian network
• Bayesian probability
• Bayesian search theory
• Bayesian spam filtering
• Bayesian statistics
• Bayesian tool for methylation analysis
• Bayesian vector autoregression
• BCMP network queueing theory
• Bean machine
• Behrens–Fisher distribution
• Behrens–Fisher problem
• Belief propagation
• Belt transect
• Benford's law
• Benini distribution
• Bennett's inequality
• Berkson error model
• Berkson's paradox
• Berlin procedure
• Bernoulli distribution
• Bernoulli process
• Bernoulli sampling
• Bernoulli scheme
• Bernoulli trial
• Bernstein inequalities (probability theory)
• Bernstein–von Mises theorem
• Berry–Esseen theorem
• Bertrand's ballot theorem
• Bertrand's box paradox
• Bessel process
• Bessel's correction
• Best linear unbiased prediction
• Beta (finance)
• Beta-binomial distribution
• Beta-binomial model
• Beta distribution
• Beta function for incomplete beta function
• Beta negative binomial distribution
• Beta prime distribution
• Beta rectangular distribution
• Beverton–Holt model
• Bhatia–Davis inequality
• Bhattacharya coefficient redirects to Bhattacharyya distance
• Bias (statistics)
• Bias of an estimator
• Biased random walk (biochemistry)
• Biased sample – see Sampling bias
• Biclustering
• Big O in probability notation
• Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality
• Bills of Mortality
• Bimodal distribution
• Binary classification
• Bingham distribution
• Binomial distribution
• Binomial proportion confidence interval
• Binomial regression
• Binomial test
• Bioinformatics
• Biometrics (statistics) redirects to Biostatistics
• Biostatistics
• Biplot
• Birnbaum–Saunders distribution
• Birth–death process
• Bispectrum
• Bivariate analysis
• Bivariate von Mises distribution
• Black–Scholes
• Bland–Altman plot
• Blind deconvolution
• Blind experiment
• Block design
• Blocking (statistics)
• BMDP software
• Bochner's theorem
• Bonferroni correction
• Bonferroni inequalities redirects to Boole's inequality
• Boole's inequality
• Boolean analysis
• Bootstrap aggregating
• Bootstrap error-adjusted single-sample technique
• Bootstrapping (statistics)
• Bootstrapping populations
• Borel–Cantelli lemma
• Bose–Mesner algebra
• Box–Behnken design
• Box–Cox distribution
• Box–Cox transformation redirects to Power transform
• Box–Jenkins
• Box–Muller transform
• Box–Pierce test
• Box plot
• Branching process
• Bregman divergence
• Breusch–Godfrey test
• Breusch–Pagan statistic redirects to Breusch–Pagan test
• Breusch–Pagan test
• Brown–Forsythe test
• Brownian bridge
• Brownian excursion
• Brownian motion
• Brownian tree
• Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem
• Burke's theorem
• Burr distribution
• Business statistics
• Bühlmann model
• Buzen's algorithm
• BV4.1 (software)

C

• c-chart
• Càdlàg
• Calculating demand forecast accuracy
• Calculus of predispositions
• Calibrated probability assessment
• Calibration (probability) subjective probability, redirects to Calibrated probability assessment
• Calibration (statistics) the statistical calibration problem
• Cancer cluster
• Candlestick chart
• Canonical analysis
• Canonical correlation
• Canopy clustering algorithm
• Cantor distribution
• Carpet plot
• Cartogram
• Case-control redirects to Case-control study
• Case-control study
• Catastro of Ensenada a census of part of Spain
• Categorical data
• Categorical distribution
• Categorical variable
• Cauchy distribution
• Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
• Causal Markov condition
• CDF-based nonparametric confidence interval
• Ceiling effect (statistics)
• Cellular noise
• Censored regression model
• Censoring (clinical trials)
• Censoring (statistics)
• Centering matrix
• Centerpoint (geometry) to which Tukey median redirects
• Central composite design
• Central limit theorem
  • Central limit theorem (illustration) redirects to Illustration of the central limit theorem
  • Central limit theorem for directional statistics
  • Lyapunov's central limit theorem
  • Martingale central limit theorem
• Central moment
• Central tendency
• Census
• Cepstrum
• CHAID – CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector
• Chain rule for Kolmogorov complexity
• Challenge–dechallenge–rechallenge
• Champernowne distribution
• Change detection
  • Change detection (GIS)
• Chapman–Kolmogorov equation
• Chapman–Robbins bound
• Characteristic function (probability theory)
• Chauvenet's criterion
• Chebyshev center
• Chebyshev's inequality
• Checking if a coin is biased redirects to Checking whether a coin is fair
• Checking whether a coin is fair
• Cheeger bound
• Chemometrics
• Chernoff bound a special case of Chernoff's inequality
• Chernoff face
• Chernoff's distribution
• Chernoff's inequality
• Chi distribution
• Chi-squared distribution
• Chi-squared test
• Chinese restaurant process
• Choropleth map
• Chow test
• Chronux software
• Circular analysis
• Circular distribution
• Circular error probable
• Circular statistics redirects to Directional statistics
• Circular uniform distribution
• Civic statistics
• Clark–Ocone theorem
• Class membership probabilities
• Classic data sets
• Classical definition of probability
• Classical test theory – psychometrics
• Classification rule
• Classifier (mathematics)
• Climate ensemble
• Climograph
• Clinical significance
• Clinical study design
• Clinical trial
• Clinical utility of diagnostic tests
• Cliodynamics
• Closed testing procedure
• Cluster analysis
• Cluster randomised controlled trial
• Cluster sampling
• Cluster-weighted modeling
• Clustering high-dimensional data
• CMA-ES (Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy)
• Coalescent theory
• Cochran's C test
• Cochran's Q test
• Cochran's theorem
• Cochran–Armitage test for trend
• Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics
• Cochrane–Orcutt estimation
• Coding (social sciences)
• Coefficient of coherence redirects to Coherence (statistics)
• Coefficient of determination
• Coefficient of dispersion
• Coefficient of variation
• Cognitive pretesting
• Cohen's class distribution function – a time-frequency distribution function
• Cohen's kappa
• Coherence (signal processing)
• Coherence (statistics)
• Cohort (statistics)
• Cohort effect
• Cohort study
• Cointegration
• Collectively exhaustive events
• Collider (epidemiology)
• Combinatorial data analysis
• Combinatorial design
• Combinatorial meta-analysis
• Common-method variance
• Common mode failure
• Common cause and special cause (statistics)
• Comonotonicity
• Comparing means
• Comparison of general and generalized linear models
• Comparison of statistical packages
• Comparisonwise error rate
• Complementary event
• Complete-linkage clustering
• Complete spatial randomness
• Completely randomized design
• Completeness (statistics)
• Compositional data
• Composite bar chart
• Compound Poisson distribution
• Compound Poisson process
• Compound probability distribution
• Computational formula for the variance
• Computational learning theory
• Computational statistics
• Computer experiment
• Computer-assisted survey information collection
• Concomitant (statistics)
• Concordance correlation coefficient
• Concordant pair
• Concrete illustration of the central limit theorem
• Concurrent validity
• Conditional change model
• Conditional distribution – see Conditional probability distribution
• Conditional dependence
• Conditional expectation
• Conditional independence
• Conditional probability
• Conditional probability distribution
• Conditional random field
• Conditional variance
• Conditionality principle
• Confidence band redirects to Confidence and prediction bands
• Confidence distribution
• Confidence interval
• Confidence region
• Configural frequency analysis
• Confirmation bias
• Confirmatory factor analysis
• Confounding
• Confounding factor
• Confusion of the inverse
• Congruence coefficient
• Conjoint analysis
  • Conjoint analysis (in healthcare)
  • Conjoint analysis (in marketing)
• Conjugate prior
• Consensus-based assessment
• Consensus clustering
• Consensus forecast
• Conservatism (belief revision)
• Consistency (statistics)
• Consistent estimator
• Constant elasticity of substitution
• Constant false alarm rate
• Constraint (information theory)
• Consumption distribution
• Contact process (mathematics)
• Content validity
• Contiguity (probability theory)
• Contingency table
• Continuity correction
• Continuous distribution – see Continuous probability distribution
• Continuous mapping theorem
• Continuous probability distribution
• Continuous stochastic process
• Continuous-time Markov process
• Continuous-time stochastic process
• Contrast (statistics)
• Control chart
• Control event rate
• Control limits
• Control variate
• Controlling for a variable
• Convergence of measures
• Convergence of random variables
• Convex hull
• Convolution of probability distributions
• Convolution random number generator
• Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution
• Cook's distance
• Cophenetic correlation
• Copula (statistics)
• Cornish–Fisher expansion
• Correct sampling
• Correction for attenuation
• Correlation
• Correlation and dependence
• Correlation does not imply causation
• Correlation clustering
• Correlation function
  • Correlation function (astronomy)
  • Correlation function (quantum field theory)
  • Correlation function (statistical mechanics)
• Correlation inequality
• Correlation ratio
• Correlogram
• Correspondence analysis
• Cosmic variance
• Cost-of-living index
• Count data
• Counternull
• Counting process
• Covariance
• Covariance and correlation
• Covariance intersection
• Covariance matrix
• Covariance function
• Covariate
• Cover's theorem
• Coverage probability
• Cox process
• Cox's theorem
• Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model
• Cramér–Rao bound
• Cramér–von Mises criterion
• Cramér's decomposition theorem
• Cramér's theorem (large deviations)
• Cramér's V
• Craps principle
• Credal set
• Credible interval
• Cricket statistics
• Crime statistics
• Critical region redirects to Statistical hypothesis testing
• Cromwell's rule
• Cronbach's α
• Cross-correlation
• Cross-covariance
• Cross-entropy method
• Cross-sectional data
• Cross-sectional regression
• Cross-sectional study
• Cross-spectrum
• Cross tabulation
• Cross-validation (statistics)
• Crossover study
• Crystal Ball function – a probability distribution
• Cumulant
• Cumulant generating function redirects to cumulant
• Cumulative accuracy profile
• Cumulative distribution function
• Cumulative frequency analysis
• Cumulative incidence
• Cunningham function
• CURE data clustering algorithm
• Curve fitting
• CUSUM
• Cuzick–Edwards test
• Cyclostationary process

D

• d-separation
• D/M/1 queue
• D'Agostino's K-squared test
• Dagum distribution
• DAP open source software
• Data analysis
• Data assimilation
• Data binning
• Data classification (business intelligence)
• Data cleansing
• Data clustering
• Data collection
• Data Desk software
• Data dredging
• Data fusion
• Data generating process
• Data mining
• Data reduction
• Data point
• Data quality assurance
• Data set
• Data-snooping bias
• Data stream clustering
• Data transformation (statistics)
• Data visualization
• DataDetective software
• Dataplot software
• Davies–Bouldin index
• Davis distribution
• De Finetti's game
• De Finetti's theorem
• DeFries–Fulker regression
• de Moivre's law
• De Moivre–Laplace theorem
• Decision boundary
• Decision theory
• Decomposition of time series
• Degenerate distribution
• Degrees of freedom (statistics)
• Delaporte distribution
• Delphi method
• Delta method
• Demand forecasting
• Deming regression
• Demographics
• Demography
  • Demographic statistics
• Dendrogram
• Density estimation
• Dependent and independent variables
• Descriptive research
• Descriptive statistics
• Design effect
• Design matrix
• Design of experiments
  • The Design of Experiments (book by Fisher)
• Detailed balance
• Detection theory
• Determining the number of clusters in a data set
• Detrended correspondence analysis
• Detrended fluctuation analysis
• Deviance (statistics)
• Deviance information criterion
• Deviation (statistics)
• Deviation analysis (disambiguation)
• DFFITS a regression diagnostic
• Diagnostic odds ratio
• Dickey–Fuller test
• Difference in differences
• Differential entropy
• Diffusion process
• Diffusion-limited aggregation
• Dimension reduction
• Dilution assay
• Direct relationship
• Directional statistics
• Dirichlet distribution
• Dirichlet-multinomial distribution
• Dirichlet process
• Disattenuation
• Discrepancy function
• Discrete choice
• Discrete choice analysis
• Discrete distribution redirects to section of Probability distribution
• Discrete frequency domain
• Discrete phase-type distribution
• Discrete probability distribution redirects to section of Probability distribution
• Discrete time
• Discretization of continuous features
• Discriminant function analysis
• Discriminative model
• Disorder problem
• Distance correlation
• Distance sampling
• Distributed lag
• Distribution fitting
• Divergence (statistics)
• Diversity index
• Divisia index
• Divisia monetary aggregates index
• Dixon's Q test
• Dominating decision rule
• Donsker's theorem
• Doob decomposition theorem
• Doob martingale
• Doob's martingale convergence theorems
• Doob's martingale inequality
• Doob–Meyer decomposition theorem
• Doomsday argument
• Dot plot (bioinformatics)
• Dot plot (statistics)
• Double counting (fallacy)
• Double descent
• Double exponential distribution (disambiguation)
• Double mass analysis
• Doubly stochastic model
• Drift rate redirects to Stochastic drift
• Dudley's theorem
• Dummy variable (statistics)
• Duncan's new multiple range test
• Dunn index
• Dunnett's test
• Durbin test
• Durbin–Watson statistic
• Dutch book
• Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality
• Dyadic distribution
• Dynamic Bayesian network
• Dynamic factor
• Dynamic topic model

E

• E-statistic
• Earth mover's distance
• Eaton's inequality
• Ecological correlation
• Ecological fallacy
• Ecological regression
• Ecological study
• Econometrics
• Econometric model
• Econometric software redirects to Comparison of statistical packages
• Economic data
• Economic epidemiology
• Economic statistics
• Eddy covariance
• Edgeworth series
• Effect size
• Efficiency (statistics)
• Efficient estimator
• Ehrenfest model
• Elastic map
• Elliptical distribution
• Ellsberg paradox
• Elston–Stewart algorithm
• EMG distribution
• Empirical
• Empirical Bayes method
• Empirical distribution function
• Empirical likelihood
• Empirical measure
• Empirical orthogonal functions
• Empirical probability
• Empirical process
• Empirical statistical laws
• Endogeneity (econometrics)
• End point of clinical trials
• Energy distance
• Energy statistics (disambiguation)
• Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences (book)
• Engineering statistics
• Engineering tolerance
• Engset calculation
• Ensemble forecasting
• Ensemble Kalman filter
• Entropy (information theory)
• Entropy estimation
• Entropy power inequality
• Environmental statistics
• Epi Info software
• Epidata software
• Epidemic model
• Epidemiological methods
• Epilogism
• Epitome (image processing)
• Epps effect
• Equating test equating
• Equipossible
• Equiprobable
• Erdős–Rényi model
• Erlang distribution
• Ergodic theory
• Ergodicity
• Error bar
• Error correction model
• Error function
• Errors and residuals in statistics
• Errors-in-variables models
• An Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances
• Estimating equations
• Estimation theory
• Estimation of covariance matrices
• Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques
• Estimator
• Etemadi's inequality
• Ethical problems using children in clinical trials
• Event (probability theory)
• Event study
• Evidence lower bound
• Evidence under Bayes theorem
• Evolutionary data mining
• Ewens's sampling formula
• EWMA chart
• Exact statistics
• Exact test
• Examples of Markov chains
• Excess risk
• Exchange paradox
• Exchangeable random variables
• Expander walk sampling
• Expectation–maximization algorithm
• Expectation propagation
• Expected mean squares
• Expected utility hypothesis
• Expected value
• Expected value of sample information
• Experiment
• Experimental design diagram
• Experimental event rate
• Experimental uncertainty analysis
• Experimenter's bias
• Experimentwise error rate
• Explained sum of squares
• Explained variation
• Explanatory variable
• Exploratory data analysis
• Exploratory factor analysis
• Exponential dispersion model
• Exponential distribution
• Exponential family
• Exponential-logarithmic distribution
• Exponential power distribution redirects to Generalized normal distribution
• Exponential random numbers redirect to subsection of Exponential distribution
• Exponential smoothing
• Exponentially modified Gaussian distribution
• Exponentiated Weibull distribution
• Exposure variable
• Extended Kalman filter
• Extended negative binomial distribution
• Extensions of Fisher's method
• External validity
• Extrapolation domain analysis
• Extreme value theory
• Extremum estimator

F

• F-distribution
• F-divergence
• F-statistics population genetics
• F-test
• F-test of equality of variances
• F1 score
• Facet theory
• Factor analysis
• Factor regression model
• Factor graph
• Factorial code
• Factorial experiment
• Factorial moment
• Factorial moment generating function
• Failure rate
• Fair coin
• Falconer's formula
• False discovery rate
• False nearest neighbor algorithm
• False negative
• False positive
• False positive rate
• False positive paradox
• Family-wise error rate
• Fan chart (time series)
• Fano factor
• Fast Fourier transform
• Fast Kalman filter
• FastICA fast independent component analysis
• Fat-tailed distribution
• Feasible generalized least squares
• Feature extraction
• Feller process
• Feller's coin-tossing constants
• Feller-continuous process
• Felsenstein's tree-pruning algorithm statistical genetics
• Fides (reliability)
• Fiducial inference
• Field experiment
• Fieller's theorem
• File drawer problem
• Filtering problem (stochastic processes)
• Financial econometrics
• Financial models with long-tailed distributions and volatility clustering
• Finite-dimensional distribution
• First-hitting-time model
• First-in-man study
• Fishburn–Shepp inequality
• Fisher consistency
• Fisher information
• Fisher information metric
• Fisher kernel
• Fisher transformation
• Fisher's exact test
• Fisher's inequality
• Fisher's linear discriminator
• Fisher's method
• Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution
• Fisher's z-distribution
• Fisher–Tippett distribution redirects to Generalized extreme value distribution
• Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem
• Five-number summary
• Fixed effects estimator and Fixed effects estimation redirect to Fixed effects model
• Fixed-effect Poisson model
• FLAME clustering
• Fleiss' kappa
• Fleming–Viot process
• Flood risk assessment
• Floor effect
• Focused information criterion
• Fokker–Planck equation
• Folded normal distribution
• Forecast bias
• Forecast error
• Forecast skill
• Forecasting
• Forest plot
• Fork-join queue
• Formation matrix
• Forward measure
• Foster's theorem
• Foundations of statistics
• Founders of statistics
• Fourier analysis
• Fowlkes–Mallows index
• Fraction of variance unexplained
• Fractional Brownian motion
• Fractional factorial design
• Fréchet distribution
• Fréchet mean
• Free statistical software
• Freedman's paradox
• Freedman–Diaconis rule
• Freidlin–Wentzell theorem
• Frequency (statistics)
• Frequency distribution
• Frequency domain
• Frequency probability
• Frequentist inference
• Friedman test
• Friendship paradox
• Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem
• Fully crossed design
• Function approximation
• Functional boxplot
• Functional data analysis
• Funnel plot
• Fuzzy logic
• Fuzzy measure theory
• FWL theorem relating regression and projection

G

• G/G/1 queue
• G-network
• G-test
• Galbraith plot
• Gallagher Index
• Galton–Watson process
• Galton's problem
• Gambler's fallacy
• Gambler's ruin
• Gambling and information theory
• Game of chance
• Gamma distribution
• Gamma test (statistics)
• Gamma process
• Gamma variate
• GAUSS (software)
• Gauss's inequality
• Gauss–Kuzmin distribution
• Gauss–Markov process
• Gauss–Markov theorem
• Gauss–Newton algorithm
• Gaussian function
• Gaussian isoperimetric inequality
• Gaussian measure
• Gaussian noise
• Gaussian process
• Gaussian process emulator
• Gaussian q-distribution
• Geary's C
• GEH statistic – a statistic comparing modelled and observed counts
• General linear model
• Generalizability theory
• Generalized additive model
• Generalized additive model for location, scale and shape
• Generalized beta distribution
• Generalized canonical correlation
• Generalized chi-squared distribution
• Generalized Dirichlet distribution
• Generalized entropy index
• Generalized estimating equation
• Generalized expected utility
• Generalized extreme value distribution
• Generalized gamma distribution
• Generalized Gaussian distribution
• Generalised hyperbolic distribution
• Generalized inverse Gaussian distribution
• Generalized least squares
• Generalized linear array model
• Generalized linear mixed model
• Generalized linear model
• Generalized logistic distribution
• Generalized method of moments
• Generalized multidimensional scaling
• Generalized multivariate log-gamma distribution
• Generalized normal distribution
• Generalized p-value
• Generalized Pareto distribution
• Generalized Procrustes analysis
• Generalized randomized block design
• Generalized Tobit
• Generalized Wiener process
• Generative model
• Genetic epidemiology
• GenStat software
• Geo-imputation
• Geodemographic segmentation
• Geometric Brownian motion
• Geometric data analysis
• Geometric distribution
• Geometric median
• Geometric standard deviation
• Geometric stable distribution
• Geospatial predictive modeling
• Geostatistics
• German tank problem
• Gerschenkron effect
• Gibbs sampling
• Gillespie algorithm
• Gini coefficient
• Girsanov theorem
• Gittins index
• GLIM (software) software
• Glivenko–Cantelli theorem
• GLUE (uncertainty assessment)
• Goldfeld–Quandt test
• Gompertz distribution
• Gompertz function
• Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
• Good–Turing frequency estimation
• Goodhart's law
• Goodman and Kruskal's gamma
• Goodman and Kruskal's lambda
• Goodness of fit
• Gordon–Newell network
• Gordon–Newell theorem
• Graeco-Latin square
• Grand mean
• Granger causality
• Graph cuts in computer vision a potential application of Bayesian analysis
• Graphical model
• Graphical models for protein structure
• GraphPad InStat software
• GraphPad Prism software
• Gravity model of trade
• Greenwood statistic
• Gretl
• Group family
• Group method of data handling
• Group size measures
• Grouped data
• Grubbs's test for outliers
• Guess value
• Guesstimate
• Gumbel distribution
• Guttman scale
• Gy's sampling theory

H

• h-index
• Hájek–Le Cam convolution theorem
• Half circle distribution
• Half-logistic distribution
• Half-normal distribution
• Halton sequence
• Hamburger moment problem
• Hannan–Quinn information criterion
• Harris chain
• Hardy–Weinberg principle statistical genetics
• Hartley's test
• Hat matrix
• Hammersley–Clifford theorem
• Hausdorff moment problem
• Hausman specification test redirects to Hausman test
• Haybittle–Peto boundary
• Hazard function redirects to Failure rate
• Hazard ratio
• Heaps' law
• Health care analytics
• Heart rate variability
• Heavy-tailed distribution
• Heckman correction
• Hedonic regression
• Hellin's law
• Hellinger distance
• Helmert–Wolf blocking
• Herdan's law
• Herfindahl index
• Heston model
• Heteroscedasticity
• Heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors
• Heteroskedasticity – see Heteroscedasticity
• Hidden Markov model
• Hidden Markov random field
• Hidden semi-Markov model
• Hierarchical Bayes model
• Hierarchical clustering
• Hierarchical hidden Markov model
• Hierarchical linear modeling
• High-dimensional statistics
• Higher-order factor analysis
• Higher-order statistics
• Hirschman uncertainty
• Histogram
• Historiometry
• History of randomness
• History of statistics
• Hitting time
• Hodges' estimator
• Hodges–Lehmann estimator
• Hoeffding's independence test
• Hoeffding's lemma
• Hoeffding's inequality
• Holm–Bonferroni method
• Holtsmark distribution
• Homogeneity (statistics)
• Homogenization (climate)
• Homoscedasticity
• Hoover index (a.k.a. Robin Hood index)
• Horvitz–Thompson estimator
• Hosmer–Lemeshow test
• Hotelling's T-squared distribution
• How to Lie with Statistics (book)
• Howland will forgery trial
• Hubbert curve
• Huber–White standard error – see Heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors
• Huber loss function
• Human subject research
• Hurst exponent
• Hyper-exponential distribution
• Hyper-Graeco-Latin square design
• Hyperbolic distribution
• Hyperbolic secant distribution
• Hypergeometric distribution
• Hyperparameter
• Hyperprior
• Hypoexponential distribution

I

• Idealised population
• Idempotent matrix
• Identifiability
• Ignorability
• Illustration of the central limit theorem
• Image denoising
• Importance sampling
• Imprecise probability
• Impulse response
• Imputation (statistics)
• Incidence (epidemiology)
• Increasing process
• Indecomposable distribution
• Independence of irrelevant alternatives
• Independent component analysis
• Independent and identically distributed random variables
• Index (economics)
• Index number
• Index of coincidence
• Index of dispersion
• Index of dissimilarity
• Indicators of spatial association
• Indirect least squares
• Inductive inference
• An inequality on location and scale parameters – see Chebyshev's inequality
• Inference
• Inferential statistics redirects to Statistical inference
• Infinite divisibility (probability)
• Infinite monkey theorem
• Influence diagram
• Info-gap decision theory
• Information bottleneck method
• Information geometry
• Information gain ratio
• Information ratio finance
• Information source (mathematics)
• Information theory
• Inherent bias
• Inherent zero
• Injury prevention application
• Innovation (signal processing)
• Innovations vector
• Institutional review board
• Instrumental variable
• Integrated nested Laplace approximations
• Intention to treat analysis
• Interaction (statistics)
• Interaction variable see Interaction (statistics)
• Interclass correlation
• Interdecile range
• Interim analysis
• Internal consistency
• Internal validity
• Interquartile mean
• Interquartile range
• Inter-rater reliability
• Interval estimation
• Intervening variable
• Intra-rater reliability
• Intraclass correlation
• Invariant estimator
• Invariant extended Kalman filter
• Inverse distance weighting
• Inverse distribution
• Inverse Gaussian distribution
• Inverse matrix gamma distribution
• Inverse Mills ratio
• Inverse probability
• Inverse probability weighting
• Inverse relationship
• Inverse-chi-squared distribution
• Inverse-gamma distribution
• Inverse transform sampling
• Inverse-variance weighting
• Inverse-Wishart distribution
• Iris flower data set
• Irwin–Hall distribution
• Isomap
• Isotonic regression
• Isserlis' theorem
• Item response theory
• Item-total correlation
• Item tree analysis
• Iterative proportional fitting
• Iteratively reweighted least squares
• Itô calculus
• Itô isometry
• Itô's lemma

J

• Jaccard index
• Jackknife (statistics) redirects to Resampling (statistics)
• Jackson network
• Jackson's theorem (queueing theory)
• Jadad scale
• James–Stein estimator
• Jarque–Bera test
• Jeffreys prior
• Jensen's inequality
• Jensen–Shannon divergence
• JMulTi software
• Johansen test
• Johnson SU distribution
• Joint probability distribution
• Jonckheere's trend test
• JMP (statistical software)
• Jump process
• Jump-diffusion model
• Junction tree algorithm

K

• K-distribution
• K-means algorithm redirects to k-means clustering
• K-means++
• K-medians clustering
• K-medoids
• K-statistic
• Kalman filter
• Kaplan–Meier estimator
• Kappa coefficient
• Kappa statistic
• Karhunen–Loève theorem
• Kendall tau distance
• Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient
• Kendall's notation
• Kendall's W Kendall's coefficient of concordance
• Kent distribution
• Kernel density estimation
• Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis
• Kernel methods
• Kernel principal component analysis
• Kernel regression
• Kernel smoother
• Kernel (statistics)
• Khmaladze transformation (probability theory)
• Killed process
• Khintchine inequality
• Kingman's formula
• Kirkwood approximation
• Kish grid
• Kitchen sink regression
• Klecka's tau
• Knightian uncertainty
• Kolmogorov backward equation
• Kolmogorov continuity theorem
• Kolmogorov extension theorem
• Kolmogorov's criterion
• Kolmogorov's generalized criterion
• Kolmogorov's inequality
• Kolmogorov's zero–one law
• Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
• KPSS test
• Kriging
• Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance
• Kuder–Richardson Formula 20
• Kuiper's test
• Kullback's inequality
• Kullback–Leibler divergence
• Kumaraswamy distribution
• Kurtosis
• Kushner equation

L

• L-estimator
• L-moment
• Labour Force Survey
• Lack-of-fit sum of squares
• Lady tasting tea
• Lag operator
• Lag windowing
• Lambda distribution disambiguation
• Landau distribution
• Lander–Green algorithm
• Language model
• Laplace distribution
• Laplace principle (large deviations theory)
• LaplacesDemon software
• Large deviations theory
• Large deviations of Gaussian random functions
• LARS – see least-angle regression
• Latent variable, latent variable model
• Latent class model
• Latent Dirichlet allocation
• Latent growth modeling
• Latent semantic analysis
• Latin rectangle
• Latin square
• Latin hypercube sampling
• Law (stochastic processes)
• Law of averages
• Law of comparative judgment
• Law of large numbers
• Law of the iterated logarithm
• Law of the unconscious statistician
• Law of total covariance
• Law of total cumulance
• Law of total expectation
• Law of total probability
• Law of total variance
• Law of truly large numbers
• Layered hidden Markov model
• Le Cam's theorem
• Lead time bias
• Least absolute deviations
• Least-angle regression
• Least squares
• Least-squares spectral analysis
• Least squares support vector machine
• Least trimmed squares
• Learning theory (statistics)
• Leftover hash-lemma
• Lehmann–Scheffé theorem
• Length time bias
• Levene's test
• Level of analysis
• Level of measurement
• Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
• Leverage (statistics)
• Levey–Jennings chart redirects to Laboratory quality control
• Lévy's convergence theorem
• Lévy's continuity theorem
• Lévy arcsine law
• Lévy distribution
• Lévy flight
• Lévy process
• Lewontin's Fallacy
• Lexis diagram
• Lexis ratio
• Lies, damned lies, and statistics
• Life expectancy
• Life table
• Lift (data mining)
• Likelihood function
• Likelihood principle
• Likelihood-ratio test
• Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
• Likert scale
• Lilliefors test
• Limited dependent variable
• Limiting density of discrete points
• Lincoln index
• Lindeberg's condition
• Lindley equation
• Lindley's paradox
• Line chart
• Line-intercept sampling
• Linear classifier
• Linear discriminant analysis
• Linear least squares
• Linear model
• Linear prediction
• Linear probability model
• Linear regression
• Linguistic demography
• Linnik distribution redirects to Geometric stable distribution
• LISREL proprietary statistical software package
• List of basic statistics topics redirects to Outline of statistics
• List of convolutions of probability distributions
• List of graphical methods
• List of information graphics software
• List of probability topics
• List of random number generators
• List of scientific journals in statistics
• List of statistical packages
• List of statisticians
• Listwise deletion
• Little's law
• Littlewood's law
• Ljung–Box test
• Local convex hull
• Local independence
• Local martingale
• Local regression
• Location estimation redirects to Location parameter
• Location estimation in sensor networks
• Location parameter
• Location test
• Location-scale family
• Local asymptotic normality
• Locality (statistics)
• Loess curve redirects to Local regression
• Log-Cauchy distribution
• Log-Laplace distribution
• Log-normal distribution
• Log-linear analysis
• Log-linear model
• Log-linear modeling redirects to Poisson regression
• Log-log plot
• Log-logistic distribution
• Logarithmic distribution
• Logarithmic mean
• Logistic distribution
• Logistic function
• Logistic regression
• Logit
• Logit analysis in marketing
• Logit-normal distribution
• Log-normal distribution
• Logrank test
• Lomax distribution
• Long-range dependency
• Long Tail
• Long-tail traffic
• Longitudinal study
• Longstaff–Schwartz model
• Lorenz curve
• Loss function
• Lot quality assurance sampling
• Lotka's law
• Low birth weight paradox
• Lucia de Berk prob/stats related court case
• Lukacs's proportion-sum independence theorem
• Lumpability
• Lusser's law
• Lyapunov's central limit theorem

M

• M/D/1 queue
• M/G/1 queue
• M/M/1 queue
• M/M/c queue
• M-estimator
  • Redescending M-estimator
• M-separation
• Mabinogion sheep problem
• Machine learning
• Mahalanobis distance
• Main effect
• Mallows's C_p
• MANCOVA
• Manhattan plot
• Mann–Whitney U
• MANOVA
• Mantel test
• MAP estimator redirects to Maximum a posteriori estimation
• Marchenko–Pastur distribution
• Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequality
• Marcum Q-function
• Margin of error
• Marginal conditional stochastic dominance
• Marginal distribution
• Marginal likelihood
• Marginal model
• Marginal variable redirects to Marginal distribution
• Mark and recapture
• Markov additive process
• Markov blanket
• Markov chain
  • Markov chain geostatistics
  • Markov chain mixing time
• Markov chain Monte Carlo
• Markov decision process
• Markov information source
• Markov kernel
• Markov logic network
• Markov model
• Markov network
• Markov process
• Markov property
• Markov random field
• Markov renewal process
• Markov's inequality
• Markovian arrival processes
• Marsaglia polar method
• Martingale (probability theory)
• Martingale difference sequence
• Martingale representation theorem
• Master equation
• Matched filter
• Matching pursuit
• Matching (statistics)
• Matérn covariance function
• Mathematica – software
• Mathematical biology
• Mathematical modelling in epidemiology
• Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
• Mathematical statistics
• Matthews correlation coefficient
• Matrix gamma distribution
• Matrix normal distribution
• Matrix population models
• Matrix t-distribution
• Mauchly's sphericity test
• Maximal ergodic theorem
• Maximal information coefficient
• Maximum a posteriori estimation
• Maximum entropy classifier redirects to Logistic regression
• Maximum-entropy Markov model
• Maximum entropy method redirects to Principle of maximum entropy
• Maximum entropy probability distribution
• Maximum entropy spectral estimation
• Maximum likelihood
• Maximum likelihood sequence estimation
• Maximum parsimony
• Maximum spacing estimation
• Maxwell speed distribution
• Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
• Maxwell's theorem
• Mazziotta–Pareto index
• MCAR (missing completely at random)
• McCullagh's parametrization of the Cauchy distributions
• McDiarmid's inequality
• McDonald–Kreitman test statistical genetics
• McKay's approximation for the coefficient of variation
• McNemar's test
• Meadow's law
• Mean
• Mean see also expected value
• Mean absolute error
• Mean absolute percentage error
• Mean absolute scaled error
• Mean and predicted response
• Mean deviation (disambiguation)
• Mean difference
• Mean integrated squared error
• Mean of circular quantities
• Mean percentage error
• Mean preserving spread
• Mean reciprocal rank
• Mean signed difference
• Mean square quantization error
• Mean square weighted deviation
• Mean squared error
• Mean squared prediction error
• Mean time between failures
• Mean-reverting process redirects to Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
• Mean value analysis
• Measurement, level of – see level of measurement.
• Measurement invariance
• MedCalc software
• Median
• Median absolute deviation
• Median polish
• Median test
• Mediation (statistics)
• Medical statistics
• Medoid
• Memorylessness
• Mendelian randomization
• Meta-analysis
• Meta-regression
• Metalog distribution
• Method of moments (statistics)
• Method of simulated moments
• Method of support
• Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
• Mexican paradox
• Microdata (statistics)
• Midhinge
• Mid-range
• MinHash
• Minimax
• Minimax estimator
• Minimisation (clinical trials)
• Minimum chi-square estimation
• Minimum distance estimation
• Minimum mean square error
• Minimum-variance unbiased estimator
• Minimum viable population
• Minitab
• MINQUE minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation
• Misleading graph
• Missing completely at random
• Missing data
• Missing values – see Missing data
• Mittag–Leffler distribution
• Mixed logit
• Misconceptions about the normal distribution
• Misuse of statistics
• Mixed data sampling
• Mixed-design analysis of variance
• Mixed model
• Mixing (mathematics)
• Mixture distribution
• Mixture model
• Mixture (probability)
• MLwiN
• Mode (statistics)
• Model output statistics
• Model selection
• Model specification
• Moderator variable redirects to Moderation (statistics)
• Modifiable areal unit problem
• Moffat distribution
• Moment (mathematics)
• Moment-generating function
• Moments, method of see method of moments (statistics)
• Moment problem
• Monotone likelihood ratio
• Monte Carlo integration
• Monte Carlo method
• Monte Carlo method for photon transport
• Monte Carlo methods for option pricing
• Monte Carlo methods in finance
• Monte Carlo molecular modeling
• Moral graph
• Moran process
• Moran's I
• Morisita's overlap index
• Morris method
• Mortality rate
• Most probable number
• Moving average
• Moving-average model
• Moving average representation redirects to Wold's theorem
• Moving least squares
• Multi-armed bandit
• Multi-vari chart
• Multiclass classification
• Multiclass LDA (linear discriminant analysis) redirects to Linear discriminant analysis
• Multicollinearity
• Multidimensional analysis
• Multidimensional Chebyshev's inequality
• Multidimensional panel data
• Multidimensional scaling
• Multifactor design of experiments software
• Multifactor dimensionality reduction
• Multilevel model
• Multilinear principal component analysis
• Multinomial distribution
• Multinomial logistic regression
• Multinomial logit – see Multinomial logistic regression
• Multinomial probit
• Multinomial test
• Multiple baseline design
• Multiple comparisons
• Multiple correlation
• Multiple correspondence analysis
• Multiple discriminant analysis
• Multiple-indicator kriging
• Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
• Multiple of the median
• Multiple testing correction redirects to Multiple comparisons
• Multiple-try Metropolis
• Multiresolution analysis
• Multiscale decision making
• Multiscale geometric analysis
• Multistage testing
• Multitaper
• Multitrait-multimethod matrix
• Multivariate adaptive regression splines
• Multivariate analysis
• Multivariate analysis of variance
• Multivariate distribution – see Joint probability distribution
• Multivariate kernel density estimation
• Multivariate normal distribution
• Multivariate Pareto distribution
• Multivariate Pólya distribution
• Multivariate probit redirects to Multivariate probit model
• Multivariate random variable
• Multivariate stable distribution
• Multivariate statistics
• Multivariate Student distribution redirects to Multivariate t-distribution
• Multivariate t-distribution

N

• n = 1 fallacy
• N of 1 trial
• Naive Bayes classifier
• Nakagami distribution
• National and international statistical services
• Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient
• National Health Interview Survey
• Natural experiment
• Natural exponential family
• Natural process variation
• NCSS (statistical software)
• Nearest-neighbor chain algorithm
• Negative binomial distribution
• Negative multinomial distribution
• Negative predictive value
• Negative relationship
• Negentropy
• Neighbourhood components analysis
• Neighbor joining
• Nelson rules
• Nelson–Aalen estimator
• Nemenyi test
• Nested case-control study
• Nested sampling algorithm
• Network probability matrix
• Neutral vector
• Newcastle–Ottawa scale
• Newey–West estimator
• Newman–Keuls method
• Neyer d-optimal test
• Neyman construction
• Neyman–Pearson lemma
• Nicholson–Bailey model
• Nominal category
• Noncentral beta distribution
• Noncentral chi distribution
• Noncentral chi-squared distribution
• Noncentral F-distribution
• Noncentral hypergeometric distributions
• Noncentral t-distribution
• Noncentrality parameter
• Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model
• Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
• Non-linear iterative partial least squares
• Nonlinear regression
• Non-homogeneous Poisson process
• Non-linear least squares
• Non-negative matrix factorization
• Nonparametric skew
• Non-parametric statistics
• Non-response bias
• Non-sampling error
• Nonparametric regression
• Nonprobability sampling
• Normal curve equivalent
• Normal distribution
• Normal probability plot see also rankit
• Normal score see also rankit and Z score
• Normal variance-mean mixture
• Normal-exponential-gamma distribution
• Normal-gamma distribution
• Normal-inverse Gaussian distribution
• Normal-scaled inverse gamma distribution
• Normality test
• Normalization (statistics)
• Notation in probability and statistics
• Novikov's condition
• np-chart
• Null distribution
• Null hypothesis
• Null result
• Nuisance parameter
• Nuisance variable
• Numerical data
• Numerical methods for linear least squares
• Numerical parameter redirects to statistical parameter
• Numerical smoothing and differentiation
• Nuremberg Code

O

• Observable variable
• Observational equivalence
• Observational error
• Observational study
• Observed information
• Occupancy frequency distribution
• Odds
• Odds algorithm
• Odds ratio
• Official statistics
• Ogden tables
• Ogive (statistics)
• Omitted-variable bias
• Omnibus test
• One- and two-tailed tests
• One-class classification
• One-factor-at-a-time method
• One-tailed test redirects to One- and two-tailed tests
• One-way analysis of variance
• Online NMF Online Non-negative Matrix Factorisation
• Open-label trial
• OpenEpi software
• OpenBUGS software
• Operational confound
• Operational sex ratio
• Operations research
• Opinion poll
• Optimal decision
• Optimal design
• Optimal discriminant analysis
• Optimal matching
• Optimal stopping
• Optimality criterion
• Optimistic knowledge gradient
• Optional stopping theorem
• Order of a kernel
• Order of integration
• Order statistic
• Ordered logit
• Ordered probit
• Ordered subset expectation maximization
• Ordinal regression
• Ordinary least squares
• Ordination (statistics)
• Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
• Orthogonal array testing
• Orthogonality
• Orthogonality principle
• Outlier
• Outliers in statistics redirects to Robust statistics (section)
• Outliers ratio
• Outline of probability
• Outline of regression analysis
• Outline of statistics
• Overdispersion
• Overfitting
• Owen's T function
• OxMetrics software

P

• p-chart
• p-rep
• P-value
• P–P plot
• Page's trend test
• Paid survey
• Paired comparison analysis
• Paired difference test
• Pairwise comparison
• Pairwise independence
• Panel analysis
• Panel data
• Panjer recursion a class of discrete compound distributions
• Paley–Zygmund inequality
• Parabolic fractal distribution
• PARAFAC (parallel factor analysis)
• Parallel coordinates – graphical display of data
• Parallel factor analysis redirects to PARAFAC
• Paradigm (experimental)
• Parameter identification problem
• Parameter space
• Parametric family
• Parametric model
• Parametric statistics
• Pareto analysis
• Pareto chart
• Pareto distribution
• Pareto index
• Pareto interpolation
• Pareto principle
• Park test
• Partial autocorrelation redirects to Partial autocorrelation function
• Partial autocorrelation function
• Partial correlation
• Partial least squares
• Partial least squares regression
• Partial leverage
• Partial regression plot
• Partial residual plot
• Particle filter
• Partition of sums of squares
• Parzen window
• Path analysis (statistics)
• Path coefficient
• Path space (disambiguation)
• Pattern recognition
• Pearson's chi-squared test (one of various chi-squared tests)
• Pearson distribution
• Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
• Pedometric mapping
• People v. Collins (prob/stats related court case)
• Per capita
• Per-comparison error rate
• Per-protocol analysis
• Percentile
• Percentile rank
• Periodic variation redirects to Seasonality
• Periodogram
• Peirce's criterion
• Pensim2 an econometric model
• Percentage point
• Permutation test redirects to Resampling (statistics)
• Pharmaceutical statistics
• Phase dispersion minimization
• Phase-type distribution
• Phi coefficient
• Phillips–Perron test
• Philosophy of probability
• Philosophy of statistics
• Pickands–Balkema–de Haan theorem
• Pie chart
• Piecewise-deterministic Markov process
• Pignistic probability
• Pinsker's inequality
• Pitman closeness criterion
• Pitman–Koopman–Darmois theorem
• Pitman–Yor process
• Pivotal quantity
• Placebo-controlled study
• Plackett–Burman design
• Plate notation
• Plot (graphics)
• Pocock boundary
• Poincaré plot
• Point-biserial correlation coefficient
• Point estimation
• Point pattern analysis
• Point process
• Poisson binomial distribution
• Poisson distribution
• Poisson hidden Markov model
• Poisson limit theorem
• Poisson process
• Poisson regression
• Poisson random numbers redirects to section of Poisson distribution
• Poisson sampling
• Polar distribution – see Circular distribution
• Policy capturing
• Political forecasting
• Pollaczek–Khinchine formula
• Pollyanna Creep
• Polykay
• Poly-Weibull distribution
• Polychoric correlation
• Polynomial and rational function modeling
• Polynomial chaos
• Polynomial regression
• Polytree (Bayesian networks)
• Pooled standard deviation redirects to Pooled variance
• Pooling design
• Popoviciu's inequality on variances
• Population
• Population dynamics
• Population ecology application
• Population modeling
• Population process
• Population pyramid
• Population statistics
• Population variance
• Population viability analysis
• Portmanteau test
• Positive predictive value
• Post-hoc analysis
• Posterior predictive distribution
• Posterior probability
• Power law
• Power transform
• Prais–Winsten estimation
• Pre- and post-test probability
• Precision (statistics)
• Precision and recall
• Prediction interval
• Predictive analytics
• Predictive inference
• Predictive informatics
• Predictive intake modelling
• Predictive modelling
• Predictive validity
• Preference regression (in marketing)
• Preferential attachment process – see Preferential attachment
• PRESS statistic
• Prevalence
• Principal component analysis
  • Multilinear principal-component analysis
• Principal component regression
• Principal geodesic analysis
• Principal stratification
• Principle of indifference
• Principle of marginality
• Principle of maximum entropy
• Prior knowledge for pattern recognition
• Prior probability
• Prior probability distribution redirects to Prior probability
• Probabilistic causation
• Probabilistic design
• Probabilistic forecasting
• Probabilistic latent semantic analysis
• Probabilistic metric space
• Probabilistic proposition
• Probabilistic relational model
• Probability
• Probability bounds analysis
• Probability box
• Probability density function
• Probability distribution
• Probability distribution function (disambiguation)
• Probability integral transform
• Probability interpretations
• Probability mass function
• Probability matching
• Probability metric
• Probability of error
• Probability of precipitation
• Probability plot
• Probability plot correlation coefficient redirects to Q–Q plot
• Probability plot correlation coefficient plot
• Probability space
• Probability theory
• Probability-generating function
• Probable error
• Probit
• Probit model
• Procedural confound
• Process control
• Process Window Index
• Procrustes analysis
• Proebsting's paradox
• Product distribution
• Product form solution
• Profile likelihood redirects to Likelihood function
• Progressively measurable process
• Prognostics
• Projection pursuit
• Projection pursuit regression
• Proof of Stein's example
• Propagation of uncertainty
• Propensity probability
• Propensity score
• Propensity score matching
• Proper linear model
• Proportional hazards models
• Proportional reduction in loss
• Prosecutor's fallacy
• Proxy (statistics)
• Psephology
• Pseudo-determinant
• Pseudo-random number sampling
• Pseudocount
• Pseudolikelihood
• Pseudomedian
• Pseudoreplication
• PSPP (free software)
• Psychological statistics
• Psychometrics
• Pythagorean expectation

Q

• Q test
• Q-exponential distribution
• Q-function
• Q-Gaussian distribution
• Q–Q plot
• Q-statistic (disambiguation)
• Quadrat
• Quadrant count ratio
• Quadratic classifier
• Quadratic form (statistics)
• Quadratic variation
• Qualitative comparative analysis
• Qualitative data
• Qualitative variation
• Quality control
• Quantile
• Quantile function
• Quantile normalization
• Quantile regression
• Quantile-parameterized distribution
• Quantitative marketing research
• Quantitative psychological research
• Quantitative research
• Quartile
• Quartile coefficient of dispersion
• Quasi-birth–death process
• Quasi-experiment
• Quasi-experimental design – see Design of quasi-experiments
• Quasi-likelihood
• Quasi-maximum likelihood
• Quasireversibility
• Quasi-variance
• Questionnaire
• Queueing model
• Queueing theory
• Queuing delay
• Queuing theory in teletraffic engineering
• Quota sampling

R

• R programming language – see R (programming language)
• R v Adams (prob/stats related court case)
• Radar chart
• Rademacher distribution
• Radial basis function network
• Raikov's theorem
• Raised cosine distribution
• Ramaswami's formula
• Ramsey RESET test the Ramsey Regression Equation Specification Error Test
• Rand index
• Random assignment
• Random compact set
• Random data see randomness
• Random effects estimation – see Random effects model
• Random effects model
• Random element
• Random field
• Random function
• Random graph
• Random matrix
• Random measure
• Random multinomial logit
• Random naive Bayes
• Random permutation statistics
• Random regular graph
• Random sample
• Random sampling
• Random sequence
• Random variable
• Random variate
• Random walk
• Random walk hypothesis
• Randomization
• Randomized block design
• Randomized controlled trial
• Randomized decision rule
• Randomized experiment
• Randomized response
• Randomness
• Randomness tests
• Range (statistics)
• Rank abundance curve
• Rank correlation mainly links to two following
  • Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
  • Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient
• Rank product
• Rank-size distribution
• Ranking
• Rankit
• Ranklet
• RANSAC
• Rao–Blackwell theorem
• Rao-Blackwellisation – see Rao–Blackwell theorem
• Rasch model
  • Polytomous Rasch model
• Rasch model estimation
• Ratio distribution
• Ratio estimator
• Rational quadratic covariance function
• Rayleigh distribution
• Rayleigh mixture distribution
• Raw score
• Realization (probability)
• Recall bias
• Receiver operating characteristic
• Reciprocal distribution
• Rectified Gaussian distribution
• Recurrence period density entropy
• Recurrence plot
• Recurrence quantification analysis
• Recursive Bayesian estimation
• Recursive least squares
• Recursive partitioning
• Reduced form
• Reference class problem
• Reflected Brownian motion
• Regenerative process
• Regression analysis see also linear regression
• Regression Analysis of Time Series proprietary software
• Regression control chart
• Regression diagnostic
• Regression dilution
• Regression discontinuity design
• Regression estimation
• Regression fallacy
• Regression-kriging
• Regression model validation
• Regression toward the mean
• Regret (decision theory)
• Reification (statistics)
• Rejection sampling
• Relationships among probability distributions
• Relative change and difference
• Relative efficiency redirects to Efficiency (statistics)
• Relative index of inequality
• Relative likelihood
• Relative risk
• Relative risk reduction
• Relative standard deviation
• Relative standard error redirects to Relative standard deviation
• Relative variance redirects to Relative standard deviation
• Relative survival
• Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution
• Relevance vector machine
• Reliability (statistics)
• Reliability block diagram
• Reliability engineering
• Reliability theory
• Reliability theory of aging and longevity
• Rencontres numbers a discrete distribution
• Renewal theory
• Repeatability
• Repeated measures design
• Replication (statistics)
• Representation validity
• Reproducibility
• Resampling (statistics)
• Rescaled range
• Resentful demoralization experimental design
• Residual. See errors and residuals in statistics.
• Residual sum of squares
• Response bias
• Response rate (survey)
• Response surface methodology
• Response variable
• Restricted maximum likelihood
• Restricted randomization
• Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo
• Reversible dynamics
• Rind et al. controversy interpretations of paper involving meta-analysis
• Rice distribution
• Richardson–Lucy deconvolution
• Ridge regression redirects to Tikhonov regularization
• Ridit scoring
• Risk adjusted mortality rate
• Risk factor
• Risk function
• Risk perception
• Risk theory
• Risk–benefit analysis
• Robbins lemma
• Robust Bayesian analysis
• Robust confidence intervals
• Robust measures of scale
• Robust regression
• Robust statistics
• Root mean square
• Root-mean-square deviation
• Root mean square deviation (bioinformatics)
• Root mean square fluctuation
• Ross's conjecture
• Rossmo's formula
• Rothamsted Experimental Station
• Round robin test
• Rubin causal model
• Ruin theory
• Rule of succession
• Rule of three (medicine)
• Run chart
• RV coefficient

S

• S (programming language)
• S-PLUS
• Safety in numbers
• Sally Clark (prob/stats related court case)
• Sammon projection
• Sample mean and covariance redirects to Sample mean and sample covariance
• Sample mean and sample covariance
• Sample maximum and minimum
• Sample size determination
• Sample space
• Sample (statistics)
• Sample-continuous process
• Sampling (statistics)
  • Simple random sampling
  • Snowball sampling
  • Systematic sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling
  • distance sampling
  • Multistage sampling
  • Nonprobability sampling
  • Slice sampling
• Sampling bias
• Sampling design
• Sampling distribution
• Sampling error
• Sampling fraction
• Sampling frame
• Sampling probability
• Sampling risk
• Samuelson's inequality
• Sargan test
• SAS (software)
• SAS language
• SAS System – see SAS (software)
• Savitzky–Golay smoothing filter
• Sazonov's theorem
• Saturated array
• Scale analysis (statistics)
• Scale parameter
• Scaled-inverse-chi-squared distribution
• Scaling pattern of occupancy
• Scatter matrix
• Scatter plot
• Scatterplot smoothing
• Scheffé's method
• Scheirer–Ray–Hare test
• Schilder's theorem
• Schramm–Loewner evolution
• Schuette–Nesbitt formula
• Schwarz criterion
• Score (statistics)
• Score test
• Scoring algorithm
• Scoring rule
• SCORUS
• Scott's Pi
• SDMX a standard for exchanging statistical data
• Seasonal adjustment
• Seasonality
• Seasonal subseries plot
• Seasonal variation
• Seasonally adjusted annual rate
• Second moment method
• Secretary problem
• Secular variation
• Seed-based d mapping
• Seemingly unrelated regressions
• Seismic to simulation
• Selection bias
• Selective recruitment
• Self-organizing map
• Self-selection bias
• Self-similar process
• Segmented regression
• Seismic inversion
• Self-similarity matrix
• Semantic mapping (statistics)
• Semantic relatedness
• Semantic similarity
• Semi-Markov process
• Semi-log graph
• Semidefinite embedding
• Semimartingale
• Semiparametric model
• Semiparametric regression
• Semivariance
• Sensitivity (tests)
• Sensitivity analysis
• Sensitivity and specificity
• Sensitivity index
• Separation test
• Sequential analysis
• Sequential estimation
• Sequential Monte Carlo methods redirects to Particle filter
• Sequential probability ratio test
• Serial dependence
• Seriation (archaeology)
• SETAR (model) a time series model
• Sethi model
• Seven-number summary
• Sexual dimorphism measures
• Shannon–Hartley theorem
• Shape of the distribution
• Shape parameter
• Shapiro–Wilk test
• Sharpe ratio
• SHAZAM (software)
• Shewhart individuals control chart
• Shifted Gompertz distribution
• Shifted log-logistic distribution
• Shifting baseline
• Shrinkage (statistics)
• Shrinkage estimator
• Sichel distribution
• Siegel–Tukey test
• Sieve estimator
• Sigma-algebra
• SigmaStat software
• Sign test
• Signal-to-noise ratio
• Signal-to-noise statistic
• Significance analysis of microarrays
• Silhouette (clustering)
• Simfit software
• Similarity matrix
• Simon model
• Simple linear regression
• Simple moving average crossover
• Simple random sample
• Simpson's paradox
• Simulated annealing
• Simultaneous equation methods (econometrics)
• Simultaneous equations model
• Single equation methods (econometrics)
• Single-linkage clustering
• Singular distribution
• Singular spectrum analysis
• Sinusoidal model
• Sinkov statistic
• Size (statistics)
• Skellam distribution
• Skew normal distribution
• Skewness
• Skorokhod's representation theorem
• Slash distribution
• Slice sampling
• Sliced inverse regression
• Slutsky's theorem
• Small area estimation
• Smearing retransformation
• Smoothing
• Smoothing spline
• Smoothness (probability theory)
• Snowball sampling
• Sobel test
• Social network change detection
• Social statistics
• SOFA Statistics software
• Soliton distribution redirects to Luby transform code
• Somers' D
• Sørensen similarity index
• Spaghetti plot
• Sparse binary polynomial hashing
• Sparse PCA sparse principal components analysis
• Sparsity-of-effects principle
• Spatial analysis
• Spatial dependence
• Spatial descriptive statistics
• Spatial distribution
• Spatial econometrics
• Spatial statistics redirects to Spatial analysis
• Spatial variability
• Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
• Spearman–Brown prediction formula
• Species discovery curve
• Specification (regression) redirects to Statistical model specification
• Specificity (tests)
• Spectral clustering – (cluster analysis)
• Spectral density
• Spectral density estimation
• Spectrum bias
• Spectrum continuation analysis
• Speed prior
• Spherical design
• Split normal distribution
• SPRT redirects to Sequential probability ratio test
• SPSS software
• SPSS Clementine software (data mining)
• Spurious relationship
• Square root biased sampling
• Squared deviations
• St. Petersburg paradox
• Stability (probability)
• Stable distribution
• Stable and tempered stable distributions with volatility clustering – financial applications
• Standard deviation
• Standard error
• Standard normal deviate
• Standard normal table
• Standard probability space
• Standard score
• Standardized coefficient
• Standardized moment
• Standardised mortality rate
• Standardized mortality ratio
• Standardized rate
• Stanine
• STAR model a time series model
• Star plot redirects to Radar chart
• Stata
• State space representation
• Statgraphics software
• Static analysis
• Stationary distribution
• Stationary ergodic process
• Stationary process
• Stationary sequence
• Stationary subspace analysis
• Statistic
• STATISTICA software
• Statistical arbitrage
• Statistical assembly
• Statistical assumption
• Statistical benchmarking
• Statistical classification
• Statistical conclusion validity
• Statistical consultant
• Statistical deviance – see deviance (statistics)
• Statistical dispersion
• Statistical distance
• Statistical efficiency
• Statistical epidemiology
• Statistical estimation redirects to Estimation theory
• Statistical finance
• Statistical genetics redirects to population genetics
• Statistical geography
• Statistical graphics
• Statistical hypothesis testing
• Statistical independence
• Statistical inference
• Statistical interference
• Statistical Lab software
• Statistical learning theory
• Statistical literacy
• Statistical model
• Statistical model specification
• Statistical model validation
• Statistical noise
• Statistical package
• Statistical parameter
• Statistical parametric mapping
• Statistical parsing
• Statistical population
• Statistical power
• Statistical probability
• Statistical process control
• Statistical proof
• Statistical randomness
• Statistical range see range (statistics)
• Statistical regularity
• Statistical relational learning
• Statistical sample
• Statistical semantics
• Statistical shape analysis
• Statistical signal processing
• Statistical significance
• Statistical survey
• Statistical syllogism
• Statistical theory
• Statistical unit
• Statisticians' and engineers' cross-reference of statistical terms
• Statistics
• Statistics education
• Statistics Online Computational Resource training materials
• StatPlus
• StatXact software
• Stein's example
  • Proof of Stein's example
• Stein's lemma
• Stein's unbiased risk estimate
• Steiner system
• Stemplot – see Stem-and-leaf display
• Step detection
• Stepwise regression
• Stieltjes moment problem
• Stimulus-response model
• Stochastic
• Stochastic approximation
• Stochastic calculus
• Stochastic convergence
• Stochastic differential equation
• Stochastic dominance
• Stochastic drift
• Stochastic equicontinuity
• Stochastic gradient descent
• Stochastic grammar
• Stochastic investment model
• Stochastic kernel estimation
• Stochastic matrix
• Stochastic modelling (insurance)
• Stochastic optimization
• Stochastic ordering
• Stochastic process
• Stochastic rounding
• Stochastic simulation
• Stopped process
• Stopping time
• Stratified sampling
• Stratonovich integral
• Streamgraph
• Stress majorization
• Strong law of small numbers
• Strong prior
• Structural break
• Structural equation modeling
• Structural estimation
• Structured data analysis (statistics)
• Studentized range
• Studentized residual
• Student's t-distribution
• Student's t-statistic
• Student's t-test
• Student's t-test for Gaussian scale mixture distributions – see Location testing for Gaussian scale mixture distributions
• Studentization
• Study design
• Study heterogeneity
• Subcontrary mean redirects to Harmonic mean
• Subgroup analysis
• Subindependence
• Substitution model
• SUDAAN software
• Sufficiency (statistics) – see Sufficient statistic
• Sufficient dimension reduction
• Sufficient statistic
• Sum of normally distributed random variables
• Sum of squares (disambiguation) general disambiguation
• Sum of squares (statistics) – see Partition of sums of squares
• Summary statistic
• Support curve
• Support vector machine
• Surrogate model
• Survey data collection
• Survey sampling
• Survey methodology
• Survival analysis
• Survival rate
• Survival function
• Survivorship bias
• Symmetric design
• Symmetric mean absolute percentage error
• SYSTAT software
• System dynamics
• System identification
• Systematic error (also see bias (statistics) and errors and residuals in statistics)
• Systematic review

T

• t-distribution – see Student's t-distribution (includes table)
• T distribution (disambiguation)
• t-statistic
• Tag cloud graphical display of info
• Taguchi loss function
• Taguchi methods
• Tajima's D
• Taleb distribution
• Tampering (quality control)
• Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random variables
• Taylor's law empirical variance-mean relations
• Telegraph process
• Test for structural change
• Test–retest reliability
• Test score
• Test set
• Test statistic
• Testimator
• Testing hypotheses suggested by the data
• Text analytics
• The Long Tail possibly seminal magazine article
• The Unscrambler software
• Theil index
• Theil–Sen estimator
• Theory of conjoint measurement
• Therapeutic effect
• Thompson sampling
• Three-point estimation
• Three-stage least squares
• Threshold model
• Thurstone scale
• Thurstonian model
• Time–frequency analysis
• Time–frequency representation
• Time reversibility
• Time series
• Time-series regression
• Time use survey
• Time-varying covariate
• Timeline of probability and statistics
• TinkerPlots proprietary software for schools
• Tobit model
• Tolerance interval
• Top-coded
• Topic model (statistical natural language processing)
• Topological data analysis
• Tornqvist index
• Total correlation
• Total least squares
• Total sum of squares
• Total survey error
• Total variation distance a statistical distance measure
• TPL Tables software
• Tracy–Widom distribution
• Traffic equations
• Training set
• Transect
• Transferable belief model
• Transiogram
• Transition rate matrix
• Treatment and control groups
• Trend analysis
• Trend estimation
• Trend-stationary process
• Treynor ratio
• Triangular distribution
• Trimean
• Trimmed estimator
• Trispectrum
• True experiment
• True variance
• Truncated distribution
• Truncated mean
• Truncated normal distribution
• Truncated regression model
• Truncation (statistics)
• Tsallis distribution
• Tsallis statistics
• Tschuprow's T
• Tucker decomposition
• Tukey's range test multiple comparisons
• Tukey's test of additivity interaction in two-way anova
• Tukey–Duckworth test
• Tukey–Kramer method
• Tukey lambda distribution
• Tweedie distribution
• Twisting properties
• Two stage least squares redirects to Instrumental variable
• Two-tailed test
• Two-way analysis of variance
• Type I and type II errors
• Type-1 Gumbel distribution
• Type-2 Gumbel distribution
• Tyranny of averages

U

• u-chart
• U-quadratic distribution
• U-statistic
• U test
• Umbrella sampling
• Unbiased estimator – see bias (statistics)
• Unbiased estimation of standard deviation
• Uncertainty
• Uncertainty coefficient
• Uncertainty quantification
• Uncomfortable science
• Uncorrelated
• Underdispersion redirects to Overdispersion
• Underfitting redirects to Overfitting
• Underprivileged area score
• Unevenly spaced time series
• Unexplained variation – see Explained variation
• Uniform distribution (continuous)
• Uniform distribution (discrete)
• Uniformly most powerful test
• Unimodal distribution redirects to Unimodal function (has some stats context)
• Unimodality
• Unit (statistics)
• Unit of observation
• Unit root
• Unit root test
• Unit-weighted regression
• Unitized risk
• Univariate
• Univariate analysis
• Univariate distribution
• Unmatched count
• Unseen species problem
• Unsolved problems in statistics
• Upper and lower probabilities
• Upside potential ratio finance
• Urn problem
• Ursell function
• Utility maximization problem
• Utilization distribution

V

• Validity (statistics)
• Van der Waerden test
• Van Houtum distribution
• Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory
• Varadhan's lemma
• Variable
• Variable kernel density estimation
• Variable-order Bayesian network
• Variable-order Markov model
• Variable rules analysis
• Variance
• Variance decomposition of forecast errors
• Variance gamma process
• Variance inflation factor
• Variance-gamma distribution
• Variance reduction
• Variance-stabilizing transformation
• Variance-to-mean ratio
• Variation ratio
• Variational Bayesian methods
• Variational message passing
• Variogram
• Varimax rotation
• Vasicek model
• VC dimension
• VC theory
• Vector autoregression
• VEGAS algorithm
• Violin plot
• ViSta – Software, see ViSta, The Visual Statistics system
• Voigt profile
• Volatility (finance)
• Volcano plot (statistics)
• Von Mises distribution
• Von Mises–Fisher distribution
• V-optimal histograms
• V-statistic
• Vuong's closeness test
• Vysochanskiï–Petunin inequality

W

• Wait list control group
• Wald distribution redirects to Inverse Gaussian distribution
• Wald test
• Wald–Wolfowitz runs test
• Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution
• Wang and Landau algorithm
• Ward's method
• Watterson estimator
• Watts and Strogatz model
• Weibull chart redirects to Weibull distribution
• Weibull distribution
• Weibull modulus
• Weight function
• Weighted median
• Weighted covariance matrix redirects to Sample mean and sample covariance
• Weighted mean
• Weighted sample redirects to Sample mean and sample covariance
• Welch's method spectral density estimation
• Welch's t test
• Welch–Satterthwaite equation
• Well-behaved statistic
• Wick product
• Wilks' lambda distribution
• Wilks' theorem redirects to section of Likelihood-ratio test
• Winsorized mean
• Whipple's index
• White test
• White noise
• Wide and narrow data
• Wiener deconvolution
• Wiener filter
• Wiener process
• Wigner quasi-probability distribution
• Wigner semicircle distribution
• Wike's law of low odd primes
• Wilcoxon signed-rank test
• Will Rogers phenomenon
• WinBUGS software
• Window function
• Winpepi software
• Winsorising
• Wishart distribution
• Wold's theorem
• Wombling
• Working–Hotelling procedure
• World Programming System software
• Wrapped Cauchy distribution
• Wrapped distribution
• Wrapped exponential distribution
• Wrapped normal distribution
• Wrapped Lévy distribution
• Writer invariant

X

• X-12-ARIMA
• \bar x chart
• \bar x and R chart
• \bar x and s chart
• XLispStat software
• XploRe software

Y

• Yamartino method
• Yates analysis
• Yates's correction for continuity
• Youden's J statistic
• Yule–Simon distribution

Z

• z-score
• z-factor
• z statistic
• Z-test
• Z-transform
• Zakai equation
• Zelen's design
• Zero degrees of freedom
• Zero–one law (disambiguation)
• Zeta distribution
• Ziggurat algorithm
• Zipf–Mandelbrot law a discrete distribution
• Zipf's law

See also

Supplementary listsThese lists include items which are somehow related to statistics however are not included in this index:

• List of statisticians
• List of important publications in statistics
• List of scientific journals in statistics

Topic lists

• Outline of statistics
• List of probability topics
• Glossary of probability and statistics
• Glossary of experimental design
• Notation in probability and statistics
• List of probability distributions
• List of graphical methods
• List of fields of application of statistics
• List of stochastic processes topics
• Lists of statistics topics
• List of statistical packages

External links

• ISI Glossary of Statistical Terms (multilingual), International Statistical Institute