Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately-owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities.
See main article: List of spacecraft manufacturers.
See also: Comparison of space station cargo vehicles.
Company name | Spacecraft | Launch system | Length (m) | Dry mass (kg) | Launch mass (kg) | Payload (kg) | Payload volume (m3) | Return payload (kg) | Diameter (m) | Generated power (W) | Automated docking | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SpaceX | Dragon | Falcon 9 Block 5 | [3] | [4] pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[5] | (pressurized), plus (unpressurized), or (unpressurized with extended trunk)[6] | capsule return[7] | [8] | No | Retired (21/22) | ||||
Dragon 2 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | (pressurized), plus (unpressurized) | Yes | Operational (10/10) | |||||||||
Orbital | Cygnus (standard) | Antares 110 | [9] | None | [10] | No | Retired (3/4) | ||||||
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Cygnus (enhanced) | Antares 230 Atlas V 401 Falcon 9 Block 5 | [11] | None | No | Operational (16/16) | |||||||
Sierra Space | Dream Chaser Cargo System | Atlas V Vulcan[12] | [13] | pressurized, unpressurized[14] | Yes | Development Planned: 2023 |
See also: Comparison of crewed space vehicles.
Company name | Spacecraft | Range | Launch system | Crew size | Length (m) | Diameter (m) | Launch mass (kg) | Power system | First spaceflight* | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue Origin | Biconic Space Vehicle | LEO | New Glenn | Planned date not known | Development | |||||||
Boeing | CST-100 Starliner | LEO | Multiple, initially Atlas V | [15] | [16] | 13,000 | Solar panels | data-sort-value="2021" | Crewed: 5 June 2024 (Uncrewed: 20 December 2019) | Operational | ||
Sierra Space | Dream Chaser Space System | LEO | Multiple, initially Vulcan Centaur | [17] | [18] | data-sort-value="11300" | [19] | 2026[20] | Development | |||
SpaceX | Dragon 2 | LEO | Falcon 9 Block 5 | [21] | [22] | [23] | up to 6,000 | Solar | data-sort-value="2020" | Crewed: May 30, 2020 (Uncrewed: 2 March 2019) | Operational (13/13) | |
Starship | Mars[24] [25] | Super Heavy | [26] | data-sort-value="1335000" | Solar panels | data-sort-value="2020" | Planned: First Crewed date not known (First Uncrewed: 20 April 2023) | Testing(1/3) |
Company name | Spacecraft | Range | Launch system | Crew size | Length (m) | Diameter (m) | Launch mass (kg) | First spaceflight* | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scaled Composites | SpaceShipOne | White Knight | 8.53 | 8.05 | data-sort-value="3600" | 3,600 | 21 June 2004 | Retired (3/3)[27] | ||
Blue Origin | New Shepard Crew Capsule | (capsule, using the launch escape system motor) | New Shepard | 3.6 | Crewed: July 20, 2021(Uncrewed: April 29, 2015) | Operational (23/24) | ||||
The Spaceship Company | SpaceShipTwo | White Knight Two | 8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers) | 18.3 | 8.3 | data-sort-value="9740" | 9,740 | 13 December 2018 | Testing (10/11)[28] | |
Copenhagen Suborbitals[29] | Tycho Deep Space | Spica | 13 | 0.955 | data-sort-value="4000" | 4,000 | Planned date not known | Development | ||
PD AeroSpace | (Unknown) | [30] | (Unknown) | (6 passengers, 2 pilots) | 14.8[31] | data-sort-value="6000" | >6,000 | Planned date not known | Development | |
World View | Explorer Capsule | 30 km (19 mi) | Stratospheric Balloon | 10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge) | 5.5 | 4,500 | Planned 2024 | Development |
Company name | Launcher name | Launcher type | No. of stages | Maximum reach | Launcher status | Maiden flight | Ref | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABL Space Systems | RS1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Operational (0/1) | 10 January 2023 | [32] | ||
Agnikul Cosmos | Agnibaan | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | |||
ARCA Space | Haas 2b | Suborbital crewed rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [33] | ||
Haas 2CA | Light rocket | 1 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [34] | |||
Super Haas | Medium rocket | 2 | LEO | Proposed | Unknown | [35] | |||
EcoRocket Demonstrator | Reusable light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [36] | |||
EcoRocket Heavy | Heavy rocket | 3 | Deep space | Proposed | Unknown | ||||
data-sort-value="Australian Space Research Institute" | Australian Space Research Institute | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [37] | ||
Astra Space | Astra Rocket 1 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (0/1) | 2018 | [38] [39] [40] | ||
Astra Rocket 2 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (0/1) | 2018 | [41] | |||
Astra Rocket 3 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Retired (2/5) | 2020 | [42] [43] | |||
Astra Rocket 4 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [44] [45] | |||
SALVO | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [46] [47] [48] | |||
Bellatrix Aerospace | Chetak | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | |||
Blue Origin | New Shepard | Reusable suborbital rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (22/23) | 2015 | |||
New Glenn | Reusable heavy rocket | 2 or 3 | GTO | Development | 2024 (planned) | [49] [50] [51] | |||
New Armstrong | Reusable super-heavy rocket | 3 | HCO | Proposed | ~2030 (proposed) | ||||
BluShift Aerospace | Stardust | Reusable sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2020 | |||
Starless Rogue | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | ||||
Brown Dwarf | Sounding rocket | 2 or 3 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | ||||
Red Dwarf | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Q2 2024 (planned) | ||||
Borneo SubOrbitals | TBA | Sounding rocket | 2 or 3 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [52] [53] [54] | ||
data-sort-value="Canadian Arrow" | Canadian Arrow | Canadian Arrow | Suborbital crewed rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [55] | |
data-sort-value="CubeCab" | CubeCab | Cab-3A | Light rocket | 3 + airplane | LEO | Proposed | Unknown | [56] [57] | |
data-sort-value="Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C." | Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C. | JFCR.2000-Pollux | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [58] [59] | |
Evolution Space | Gold Chain Cowboy | Sounding Rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2023 | [60] [61] | ||
data-sort-value="Exos" | Exos Aerospace | SARGE | Reusable sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (3/4) | 2018 | [62] [63] | |
data-sort-value="Exos" | Exela Space Industries | Aims-1 | Sounding Rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2035 | [64] | |
Equatorial Space Systems | Volans | Light Rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [65] | ||
Dorado | Sounding Rocket | 1 or 2 | Suborbital | Development | 2023 (planned) | [66] | |||
LAD | Sounding Rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2020 | [67] | |||
Firefly Aerospace | Firefly Alpha | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Operational (1/4) | 2021 | [68] | ||
Firefly MLV | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2025 (planned) | [69] | |||
Galactic Energy | Ceres-1 | Light Rocket | 4 | LEO | Operational (13/14) | 2020 | [70] | ||
data-sort-value="General Astronautics" | General Astronautics | Urania | Medium rocket | 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [71] [72] | |
Gilmour Space Technologies | RASTA | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2016 | [73] | ||
Eris | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | April 2023 (Planned) | ||||
Generation Orbit | X-60A (GOLauncher 1) | Air-launched sounding rocket | 1 + airplane | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [74] [75] | ||
GOLauncher 2 | Air-launch-to-orbit | 2 + airplane | LEO | Development | Unknown | ||||
data-sort-value="Independence-X Aerospace" | Independence-X Aerospace | DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [76] [77] | |
Interorbital Systems | NEPTUNE N series | Light rocket | 3–4 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [78] [79] | ||
NEPTUNE N36 | Light rocket | 4 | TLI | Proposed | Unknown | ||||
Neptune TSAAHTO | Medium rocket | 2½ | TLI | Proposed | Unknown | ||||
data-sort-value="Interstellar Technologies" | Interstellar Technologies | Momo | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (3/7) | 2017 | [80] [81] | |
data-sort-value="Isar Aerospace" | Isar Aerospace | Spectrum | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | H2 2023 (planned) | [82] | |
Launcher | Light | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [83] | ||
data-sort-value="Leaf Space" | Leaf Space | Primo | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Proposed | Unknown | [84] [85] | |
data-sort-value="Lin Industrial" | Lin Industrial | Taymyr | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [86] [87] | |
Lockheed Martin | VentureStar | Reusable spaceplane | 1 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [88] | ||
Athena | Medium rocket | 2 or 3 | TLI | Retired (5/7) | 1995 | ||||
Mishaal Aerospace | M-SV | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [89] [90] [91] | ||
M-OV | Light rocket | 1 + 6 Boosters | LEO | Development | Unknown | [92] | |||
M-LV | Light rocket | 1 + 8 boosters | TLI | Development | Unknown | [93] | |||
OneSpace | OS-X | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Operational (2/2) | 2018 | [94] | ||
OS-M1 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational (0/1) | 2019 | [95] | |||
OS-M2 | Light rocket | 3 + 2 boosters | LEO | Development | Unknown | [96] | |||
OS-M4 | Light rocket | 3 + 4 boosters | LEO | Development | Unknown | [97] | |||
data-sort-value="Orbex" | Orbex | Prime | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [98] | |
data-sort-value="OrbitX" | OrbitX | Haribon SLS-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023–2024 (planned) | ||
data-sort-value="Exos" | Outerstellar Space | Crocoship | Medium rocket | 1 | LEO | Development | 2040 (planned) | [99] | |
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Antares | Medium rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational (17/18) | 2013 | [100] | ||
Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus | Light rocket | 4 | LEO | Operational (7/10) | 1994 | [101] [102] [103] | |||
Pegasus | Air-launch-to-orbit | 3-4 + airplane | HEO | Operational (40/45) | 1990 | ||||
Omega | Medium rocket | 3 + 0-6 boosters | GEO | Cancelled | (Was planned for 2021) | [104] | |||
data-sort-value="Orbital Transport & Raketen AG" | Orbital Transport & Raketen AG | OTRAG | Medium rocket | variable | LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved) | Retired (15/18) | 1977 | [105] | |
data-sort-value="Perigee Aerospace" | Perigee Aerospace | Blue Whale 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [106] [107] | |
PLD Space | Miura 1 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 6 October 2023 | [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] | ||
Miura 5 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2024 (planned) | ||||
Relativity Space | Terran 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Retired (0/1) | 23 March 2023 | [113] [114] | ||
Terran R | Reusable heavy rocket | 2 | Deep space | Development | 2024 (planned) | [115] | |||
data-sort-value="Rocket Crafters" | Rocket Crafters | Intrepid-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [116] [117] | |
Rocket Lab | Ātea-1 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2009 | [118] [119] | ||
Ātea-2 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [120] | |||
Electron | Reusable light rocket | 2 | TLI | Operational (34/37) | 2017 | [121] | |||
Neutron | Reusable medium rocket | 2 | GTO | Development | 2024 (planned) | [122] [123] | |||
data-sort-value="RocketStar" | RocketStar | Star-Lord | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [124] | |
data-sort-value="Rocket Factory Augsburg" | Rocket Factory Augsburg | RFA One | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [125] [126] | |
Skyroot Aerospace | Vikram S | Sounding rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational | 2022 November 18 | [127] | ||
Vikram-II | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | ||||
Vikram-III | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Unknown | ||||
Skyrora | Skyrora 1 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | [128] [129] [130] | ||
Skylark Micro | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2021 | [131] | |||
Skylark L | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [132] [133] | |||
Skyrora XL | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [134] [135] [136] [137] | |||
SpaceForest | Bigos | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (5/5) | 2015 | [138] | ||
Candle-2 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2016 | [139] [140] [141] | |||
Perun | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2020[142] | [143] | |||
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket) | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [144] | |||
Space Services Inc. | Percheron | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [145] | ||
Conestoga 1620 | Medium rocket | 4 | LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved) | Retired (0/1) | 1995 | ||||
data-sort-value="SpaceLS" | SpaceLS | Prometheus-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [146] [147] | |
Space Pioneer | Tiansuo-1 | Vertical landing test stage | 1 | Suborbital | Development | Unknown | |||
Tianlong-1 | Light rocket | LEO | Development | Unknown | [148] | ||||
SpaceX | Falcon 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Retired (2/5) | 2006 | [149] | ||
Falcon 1e | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | ||||
Falcon 5 | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO | Cancelled | — | [150] | |||
Falcon 9 v1.0 | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO (designed) LEO (achieved) | Retired (5/5) | 2010 | ||||
Falcon 9 v1.1 | Medium rocket | 2 | HCO | Retired (14/15) | 2013 | ||||
Falcon 9 Full Thrust Block 1-4 | Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable) | 2 | TMI[151] | Retired (36/36) | 2015 | [152] | |||
Falcon 9 Block 5 | Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable) | 2 | TMI | Operational (/) | 2018 | [153] [154] | |||
Falcon Heavy | Reusable heavy rocket / Super-heavy rocket (expendable) | 2 + 2 boosters | Deep space (Pluto)[155] | Operational (/) | 2018 | [156] | |||
Starship Super-Heavy | Reusable super-heavy rocket | 2 | Deep space | Testing (1/3) | 2023 | ||||
data-sort-value="Stoke Space" | Stoke Space | Nova | Reusable light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | Unknown | [157] | |
Success Rockets | Nebo 1 | Ultralight rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | December 2021 | [158] | ||
Stalker | Ultralight rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2024 | [159] | |||
Atlas V | Medium rocket | 2 + 0-5 boosters | TMI | Operational (98/99) | 2002 | [160] | |||
Delta II 6000 | Medium rocket | 2-3 + 9 boosters | GTO | Retired (17/17) | 1989 | [161] | |||
Delta II 7000 | Light rocket | 2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters | GTO | Retired (130/132) | 1990 | ||||
Delta II 7000H | Medium rocket | 2-3 + 9 boosters | TMI | Retired (6/6) | 2003 | ||||
Delta IV | Medium rocket | 2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters | GTO | Retired (29/29) | 2003 | [162] | |||
Delta IV Heavy | Heavy rocket | 2 + 2 boosters | GTO | Retired (14/15) | 2004 | [163] | |||
Vulcan | Heavy rocket | 2 + 0-6 boosters | GTO | Operational (1/1) | 2024 | [164] [165] | |||
UP Aerospace | Skyloft/Skyloft XL | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (18/19) | 2006 | |||
Spyder | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 | ||||
Vector Launch | Vector-R | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017) | |||
Vector-RE1 | Light rocket | 2 or 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | ||||
Vector-H | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | ||||
Vector-HE1 | Light rocket | 2 or 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | ||||
data-sort-value="Virgin Orbit" | Virgin Orbit | LauncherOne | Air-launch-to-orbit | 2 + airplane | LEO | Retired (4/6) | 2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021) | [166] | |
X-Bow Systems | Bolt | Light rocket | 1 | LEO | Development | July 2022 | [167] [168] | ||
data-sort-value="Zero2infinity" | Zero2infinity | Bloostar | Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher) | 3 + high-altitude balloon | LEO | Development | Unknown | [169] |
Company name | Craft name | Craft type | Craft status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARCASPACE | ELE (European Lunar Explorer) | lunar orbiter | Development | [170] | |
Astrobotic Technology | Red Rover | lunar rover | Development | [171] | |
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander) | lunar lander | Development | [172] | ||
Peregrine Lander | lunar lander | [173] [174] | |||
Blue Origin | Blue Moon | lunar lander | Development | ||
Integrated Lander Vehicle | crewed lunar lander | Development | |||
Dynetics | Dynetics HLS | lunar lander | Development | ||
Euroluna | ROMIT | lunar rover | Cancelled | [175] | |
Golden Spike Company (defunct) | unnamed | crewed lunar lander | Cancelled | [176] | |
Hakuto | Sorato | lunar rover | Development | [177] [178] | |
Tetris | lunar rover | Cancelled | [179] | ||
Independence-X Aerospace | SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander) | lunar lander | Cancelled | [180] | |
Interorbital Systems | RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever) | lunar lander | Development | [181] | |
Intuitive Machines | Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[182] | lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle | Operational | [183] | |
Lunar Mission One | unnamed | lunar lander | Proposed (2014) | [184] | |
Lunar Outpost | MAPP rover | lunar rover | Development | [185] | |
Masten Space Systems | XEUS | lunar lander | Negotiating | ||
Masten Space Systems | XL-1 | lunar lander | Development | [186] | |
Moon Express | MX-1 | lunar lander | Testing | [187] | |
Odyssey Moon | MoonOne (M-1) | lunar rover | Cancelled | [188] | |
Omega Envoy | Sagan | lunar rover | Cancelled | [189] | |
OrbitBeyond | Z-01 | lunar landers and rovers | Proposed (2018) | [190] [191] | |
PTScientists | Audi Lunar quattro | lunar rover | Testing | [192] | |
PTScientists | ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module) | lunar lander | Development | [193] | |
Puli Space Technologies | Puli | lunar rover | Fundraising | [194] | |
Roscosmos | Luna 25 | lunar lander | [195] | ||
SpaceX | Starship | crewed mars lander | Development | ||
Starship HLS | crewed lunar lander | Development | |||
Team FREDNET | Picorover | lunar rover | Cancelled | [196] | |
Team Italia | AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte) | lunar rover | Cancelled | [197] | |
Team Indus | HHK-1 | lunar lander | Development | ||
Team Indus | ECA | lunar rover | Development | ||
TransOrbital | TrailBlazer | lunar orbiter | Cancelled | [198] | |
Team Plan B | Plan B | lunar rover | Cancelled | ||
Spacebit | Asagumo | lunar rover | Testing | [199] [200] | |
Space IL | Beresheet | lunar lander | |||
Space Explration Corp | Defiant | lunar lander | Cancelled | [201] | |
Synergy Moon | Tesla | lunar rover | Development | [202] |
Company name | Craft name | Craft purpose | Craft status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARCA | Demonstrator 2b | demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine | Retired | |
Armadillo Aerospace | Quad | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
ASRI | AUSROC I | systems Testing | Retired | |
AUSROC II | payload to 10 km | Retired | ||
AUSROC 2.5 | systems Testing | Testing | ||
AUSROC III | payload of 150 kg to 500 km | Development | ||
Blue Origin | Goddard | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
Deep Blue Aerospace | Nebula-1 | demonstrate VTOL | Development | [203] |
Evolution Space | Gold Chain Cowboy | systems testing, payload to 124 km | Development | [204] |
Interorbital Systems | Neutrino | systems Testing | Operational | |
Tachyon | systems Testing | Operational | [205] | |
Lockheed Martin | X-33 | demonstrate SSTO | Cancelled | |
Masten Space Systems | XA-0.1 | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
XA-0.1B | Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1 | Operational | ||
XA-0.1E | Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights | Retired (12 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E2 | commercial flights | Destroyed (115 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E4 | commercial flights | Retired (75 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E5 | commercial flights | Operational | ||
XL-1T | terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander | Development | ||
Xeus | commercial flights | Cancelled | ||
McDonnell Douglas | DC-X | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (11 test flights) | |
Origin Space | Yang Wang-1 | space mineral resources developer | Development | [206] |
Rotary Rocket | Roton ATV | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (3 test flights) | |
Space Services Inc. | Conestoga I | systems Testing | Retired (1 test) | |
SpaceX | Grasshopper | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (8 tests) | [207] |
F9R Dev1 | refine VTOL (low altitude) | Destroyed (5 flights) | [208] | |
F9R Dev2 | refine VTOL (high altitude) | Cancelled | ||
Starhopper | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (4 test flights) | ||
Starship prototypes | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (7 test flight) | ||
Starship SN6 | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (2 test flights) | --> | |
Swedish Space Corp. | Maxus | payload to 700 km | Operational | |
Maser | payload to 300 km | Operational | ||
UP Aerospace | SpaceLoft XL | payload to 140 km | Operational | [209] |
World View Enterprises | Stratollite | payload up to 30 km and 300 kg | Operational | [210] [211] |
zero2infinity | nanobloon 1.0 | payload to 32 km | Operational | [212] |
nanobloon 2.0 | payload to 33 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 1.0 | payload to 24 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 2.0 | payload to 31 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 3.0 | payload to 27 km | Operational |
Company name | Engine | Engine type | Applications | Status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accion Systems Inc. | MAX-1, TILE | electrospray ion | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [213] [214] | |
Ad Astra Rocket Company | VASIMR | plasma propulsion | space tug/orbital transfer vehicle | Development | [215] | |
ARCA | Executor | LOX/RP-1 | IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas | Development | ||
ArianeGroup | Vulcain | LH2/LOX | Ariane 5/Ariane 6 Main stage | Operational | ||
Blue Origin | BE-3 | LH2/LOX | New Shepard | Operational | ||
BE-4 | LOX/ | Vulcan, New Glenn | Testing | |||
CU Aerospace | PUC | microcavity discharge | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [216] [217] | |
CHIPS | resistojet | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [218] | ||
PPT-11 | pulsed plasma | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [219] [220] | ||
Exo Terra Resource | Halo | Hall effect | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [221] | |
Firefly Aerospace | Reaver | LOX/RP-1 | Firefly Alpha first stage | Operational | ||
Miranda | LOX/RP-1 | Firefly MLV first stage | Development | |||
Reaction Engines Ltd. | SABRE | hybrid air-breathing/chemical | Skylon | Development | [222] | |
Rocket Lab | Rutherford | LOX/RP-1 | Electron first stage | Operational | ||
Rutherford Vacuum | LOX/RP-1 | Electron second stage | Operational | |||
Archimedes | LOX/ | Neutron first stage | Development | [223] | ||
Sierra Space | VR35K-A | LH2/LOX | Upper Stage | Development | [224] | |
SpaceDev | RocketMotorOne | hybrid | Retired | [225] | ||
SpaceX | Kestrel | LOX/RP-1 | Falcon 1 second stage | Retired | ||
Merlin | LOX/RP-1 | Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy first stage/boosters | Operational | [226] [227] | ||
Merlin Vacuum | LOX/RP-1 | Falcon 9 second stage, Falcon Heavy second stage | Operational | |||
Raptor | LOX/ | SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure, Starship, Starship HLS | Operational | [228] | ||
Virgin Galactic | RocketMotorTwo | hybrid | SpaceShipTwo | Operational | ||
Ursa Major Technologies | Hadley | Jet-A/LOX | Hypersonics, Boost Stage, Upper Stage | Development | [229] [230] |
Company | Launch vehicles | Notes | Refs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane, Vega | Minority owned by some EU states | - | i-Space | Hyperbola-1 |
| [231] | ||
Astra Space | Rocket 3, Rocket 4 | Rocket 3 retired in August 2022 | ||||||
Firefly Aerospace | Firefly Alpha, Firefly MLV | |||||||
IHI Corporation | Epsilon | Some R&D by JAXA | ||||||
H-IIA | R&D done by JAXA. | [232] | ||||||
Antares, Minotaur | Own launchers, funded by NASA | |||||||
Neutron, Electron | ||||||||
Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy | ||||||||
Zenit | Owned by S7 Airlines | |||||||
United Launch Alliance | Atlas V, Vulcan Centaur | 50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing | ||||||
Vaya Space | Dauntless | [233] |
Company name | Products | Manufacturing craft | Status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shackleton Energy Company | propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot | Unknown | Defunct (2020) | [234] | |
Made In Space | 3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics | Unknown | Operational (2018) | [235] | |
Varda Space Industries | building products in space and bringing them back to earth (ex: ZBLAN, 3d printed organs) | Unknown | Operational (2021) | [236] | |
Deep Space Industries | propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites | MicroGravity Foundry | Defunct (2020) | [237] | |
Cosmic Shielding Corporation | Space Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding components | Unknown | Operational (2021) | [238] [239] |
Company name | Body to be mined | Mining craft | Mining status | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AstroForge | Near-Earth asteroids | Brokrr-1, Odin (formerly Brokkr-2) | Development | [240] | |
Deep Space Industries | Near-Earth asteroids | Prospector-1, Harvestor 1 | Defunct (2019) | [241] [242] | |
ispace | Moon | Hakuto-R | Development | [243] [244] | |
Moon Express | Moon | MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 | Development | [245] | |
Planetary Resources | Near-Earth asteroids | Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300 | Cancelled | [246] | |
Shackleton Energy Company | Moon | TBD | Defunct (2020) |
Private Company name | Space Craft name | Space Craft type | Internal volume | Passenger capacity | Craft status | Orbit Around | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Axiom Space | Axiom International Commercial Space Station | Rigid Module | 8[247] | Development (2016) | Earth | [248] [249] | ||
Bigelow Aerospace | Genesis I subscale test spacecraft | Inflatable module | 11.5m2[250] | Uncrewed | Derelict, on orbit[251] | Earth | ||
Genesis II subscale test spacecraft | Inflatable module | 11.5m2 | Uncrewed | Derelict, on orbit[252] | Earth | [253] [254] | ||
Galaxy | Inflatable module | 16.7m2[255] [256] | Uncrewed | Cancelled | Earth | [257] | ||
Sundancer | Inflatable module | 180m2 | 3 | Cancelled | Earth | [258] | ||
BA 330 | Inflatable module | 330m2 | 6 | Cancelled[259] | Earth | [260] [261] [262] | ||
BA 2100 | Inflatable module | 2100m2 | 16 | Cancelled | Earth | [263] | ||
Space Complex Alpha | Inflatable space station | 690m2 | 12 | Cancelled < | -- Development... source that Bigelow still plans to do this? They've talked about it for years... but seem to miss every date they give. Is this actually still in development? --> | Earth | ||
Excalibur Almaz | Almaz derivative | Rigid module | 3 | Cancelled | Earth | [264] [265] [266] | ||
Galactic Suite Ltd. | Galactic Suite | Rigid module | 6 | Proposed (2007) | Earth | [267] | ||
Orion Span | Aurora Space Station | Rigid module | 160m2 | 6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists) | Proposed (2018) | Earth | [268] [269] | |
Sierra Space | Large Inflatable Fabric Environment | Inflatable module | 300m2 | 4 | Testing | Moon/Mars | [270] | |
Blue Origin | Orbital Reef | Rigid module | 830m2 | TBA | Development (2021) | Earth | [271] |
Company | Products | Refs |
---|---|---|
Altius Space Machines | Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators | |
Andrews Space | Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers | |
Alén Space | NanoSats and CubeSats | [272] |
Astranis | MicroGEO Satellites | |
TESBL Aerospace Corporation | In-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, | [273] [274] |
CubeSats | [275] | |
CesiumAstro | Active phased array communications payloads that include RF inter-satellite links as of 2017. | [276] [277] |
Craig Technologies | Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration | [278] |
EADS Astrium Satellites | Spacecraft and ground segment elements | |
EADS Astrium Space Transportation | Launchers and orbital infrastructure | |
Innovative Solutions In Space | CubeSat manufacture and operation, | [279] |
Made in Space | 3D printers for use in microgravity | [280] |
Mynaric | Laser communication for satellites and aircraft | [281] |
Portal Space Systems | Satellite buses with a solar thermal propulsion system | [282] [283] |
RUAG Space | Antenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures | [284] |
SpaceDev | Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures | [285] |
SpaceQuest, Ltd. | Spacecraft and spacecraft components | |
Xplore | Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active | [286] |
Cosmic Shielding Corporation | Radiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation | |
ADDMAN Engineering | Metallurgy development and production of components including thrusters, injectors, cold plates, hot gas manifolds to space and hypersonic industry, especially refractory metals (Titatnium, Niobium) as of 2020 |
Company name | Contracts for | Craft utilised | Status | Notes | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Axiom Space | SpaceX | Crew Dragon | Active | SpaceX Axiom Space-1 launched in April 2022 | [287] [288] | |
Benson Space Company | SpaceDev | Dream Chaser | Defunct | [289] | ||
MirCorp | none | Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir | Defunct | Mir deorbited | ||
Space Adventures | - | Soyuz and the ISS | Active | 9 tourists sent | [290] | |
RocketShip Tours | XCOR | Lynx rocketplane | Defunct | |||
Virgin Galactic | Scaled Composites | Spaceship Two, White Knight 2 | Active | 7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed |