List of political parties in Spain explained

This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.

Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP;^[1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.

National political formations of Spain

• People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress^[2] and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989.^[3] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
• Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
• Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014;^[4] their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain^[5] while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad,^{[6] [7]} rejects european federalism^[8] and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin.^[9] It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America,^{[10] [11]} Italian Brothers of Italy^[12] and Hungarian Fidesz.^[13]
• Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
• We can (Podemos), a left-wing political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
• Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right^[14] liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election.^{[15] [16]} The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country.^[17] It didn't contest the latest general elections.

Political parties with parliamentary representation

Represented in Cortes Generales

Party or coalition			Ideology	Leader	Deputies	Senators	MEPs	Regional dep.	Councillors	Coalition partners	Notes
				Alberto Núñez Feijóo						PP (88)
		Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	Social democracy	Pedro Sánchez						PSOE (102) PSC (19)
				Santiago Abascal
				Yolanda Díaz						SMR (10) Comuns (6) IU (5) MM (2)
			Democratic socialism Left-wing populism	Ione Belarra
				Oriol Junqueras
			Catalan independence Populism	Laura Borràs
			Basque independence Abertzale left Socialism	Arnaldo Otegi						Sortu (1) Alternatiba (1)
			Basque nationalism Christian democracy Social democracy	Andoni Ortuzar
			Regionalism Canarian nationalism Centrism	Fernando Clavijo
			Valencian nationalism Eco-socialism Green politics	Joan Baldoví							Part of Sumar since June 2023.
			Galician nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism	Ana Pontón
			Conservatism Christian democracy Regionalism	Javier Esparza
			Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics	Lluís Apesteguia							Part of Sumar since June 2023.
			Basque nationalism Social democracy	Uxue Barkos						GSB/GSV EAJ/PNV
			Insularism Social democracy	Casimiro Curbelo
			Insularism Canarian nationalism Centrism	Narvay Quintero

Represented in regional parliaments

Party or coalition			Ideology	Leader	Regional dep.	Councillors	Region
			Localism Ruralism	Tomás Guitarte
			Andalusian nationalism Left-wing populism Anti-capitalism	Teresa Rodríguez			Andalusia
			Regionalism Centrism	Alberto Izquierdo			Aragón
			Aragonese nationalism Eco-socialism	Joaquín Palacín
			Regionalism Conservatism	Carmen Moriyón			Asturias
			Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Green politics	Manel Martí
			Conservatism	Llorenç Córdoba
			Canarian nationalism Social democracy	Román Rodríguez			Canary Islands
			Regionalism Centrism	Miguel Ángel Revilla			Cantabria
			Regionalism Autonomism	Luis Mariano Santos			Castile and León (León)
			Catalan independence Anti-capitalism Socialism	Mireia Vehí			Catalonia
		Catalan Alliance (AC)	Catalan independence Right-wing populism	Sílvia Orriols
			Ceutan autonomism Regionalism	Fatima Hamed			Ceuta
			Democratic socialism Ceutan autonomism	Mohamed Mustafa
			Social democracy Progressivism Regionalism	Mustafa Aberchán			Melilla
			Regionalism	Amin Azmani

Represented in the European Parliament only

Se Acabó La Fiesta was founded right before the 2024 European Parliament election and won 3 seats. It is designated as a grouping of electors rather than as an official political party.

Political parties without representation

• Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, CS) (2006–present)
• Animalist Party with the Environment^[18] (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
• Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
• Escaños en Blanco [<nowiki/>[[:es:Escaños en Blanco|es]]] (2010–present)
• For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
• Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
• The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
• Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
• Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
• Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [<nowiki/>[[:es:Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista (1986)|es]]] (1986–present)
• Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
• Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
• Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
• Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
• Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
• Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
• Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
• Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
• Los Parados
• The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
• Nueva Izquierda Verde
• Nuevo Partido por la Democracia^{[19] [20]}
  • Partido Familia y Vida Actúa (2017–present)
• Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
• Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
• Partido Ibérico
• Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
• Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
• Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
• National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique)
• Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)^[21]
• SOMOS España
• Volt Spain (2018–present)
• Workers' Front

Communist parties

• Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
• Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
• Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain) (1974-present)
• Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
• Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
• Anticapitalists (1995–present)
• Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
• Corriente Roja (CR) (2002-present)
• Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (PCE (M–L)) (2006–present)
• Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)
• Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) (2015-present)
• Workers' Revolutionary Current (CRT) (2017-present)
• Revolutionary Left (IR) (2017–present)
• Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)

Nationalist parties

• Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
• Spanish Catholic Movement (1981–present)
• National Democracy (1995–present)
• National Workers' Party (Spain) (1999–present)
• España 2000 (2002–present)
• Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
• National Alliance (2006–present)
• Party for Freedom (2013–present)
• Hacer Nación (2020–present)

Regionalist parties

Andalusia

• Andalusi Party (2023–present)
• Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [<nowiki/>[[:es:partido regionalista por andalucía oriental|es]]]

Asturias

• Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
• Andecha Astur (1990–present)
• Asturian Left (1992–present)
• Asturian Renewal Union (1998-present)
• Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
• Unidá (2007–present)
• Conceyu Abiertu (2011-present)
• Compromisu por Asturies (2011-present)

Basque Country

• Zornotza Eginez (local)

Cantabria

• Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)

Castile and León

• Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
• Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
• Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
• Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
• Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
• Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [<nowiki/>[[:es:partido castellano|es]]]

Catalonia

• The Greens–Green Alternative (1999–present)
• Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
• Catalan Solidarity for Independence (2010–present)
• National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)
• Som Catalans (2014–present)
• Communists of Catalonia (2014–present)
• Convergents (2017–present)
• Alhora (2023–present)

Extremadura

• United Extremadura (1980–present)
• Extremaduran Coalition (1995–present)

Galicia

• Galician People's Front (1986–present)
• Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)

Madrid

• The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)

Navarre

• Batzarre (1987–present)

Defunct parties

Defunct major parties

• People's Socialist Party (1968–1978) Absorbed in to PSOE
• POUM (1935-1980)
• National Union (1979–1982)
• Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
• Progressive Federation (1984–1988)
• People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
  • Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
  • People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
• Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
• Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
• Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) (1936-1997) dissolved, but (PSUC viu) was founded after it's dissolution
• Socialist Action Party(1972-2001)
• Communist Unity (1985-1991) Absorbed in to PSOE
• Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
  • Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned
• Liberal Independent Group (1991–2007)
• Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
• Majorca Socialist Party (1977–2013), absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
• Party of the Communists of Catalonia (1982–2014), rebranded as Communists of Catalonia
• Valencian Union (1982–2014)
• Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
• Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
• Amaiur (2011–2015) became EH Bildu
• Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
• Aralar (2000–2017)
• Open Left (2012–2018)
• Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
• Initiative for Catalonia Greens (1987–2019) rebranded as green left
• Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020), a progressive party which ideologically combined social liberalism with centralism from the radical centre of political spectrum. It strongly supported the unity of Spain, thereby being an enemy of Spain's peripheral nationalism.
• National Call for the Republic (2018–2020) Merged into Junts
• Catalan European Democratic Party (2016–2023)

Defunct minor parties

• National Alliance July 18 (1977)
• Asturian Nationalist Council (1979-1981)
• Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
• Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
• Ensame Nacionalista Astur (1982-1988)
• Revolutionary Communist League (Spain) (1971-1991)
• Asturian Nationalist Unity (1988–1992)
• Alternative Left (Spain) (1991-1993)
• Communist Workers League (Spain) (1973-1999)
• Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned
• Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance)
• Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
• Basque Nationalist Action (1930-2008), outlawed
• Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
• Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned
• Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
• Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
• National Front (2006–2011)
• Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
• Zutik (1991-2011)
• Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
• Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
• Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)
• Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
• In Struggle (1994-2016)
• Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
• Independent Socialists of Extremadura (1994–2018)
• Pirate Party (2006–2022)
• Citizens for Blank Votes (2002–2022)
• The Phalanx (1999–2024)

Historical parties

• Moderate Party (1834–1874)
• Progressive Party (1834–1874)
• Democratic Party (1849–1869)
• Liberal Union (1858–1874)
• Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
• Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
• Constitutional Party (1872–1880)

• Conservative Party (1876–1931)
• Liberal Party (1880–1931)
• Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
• Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
• Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
• Maurist Party (1913–1930)
• Reformist Party (1912–1924)
• Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
• Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)

• National Front
  • Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
    • Popular Action (1930–1933)
  • Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
  • Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
  • Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
• Popular Front
  • Republican Left (1934–1959)
  • Republican Union (1934–1958)
  • Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
  • Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
• Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
• Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
  • Falange Española (1933–1934)
  • Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
• Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
• Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
• Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
• Republican Action (1925–1934)
• Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
• Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)

During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a One-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.

• Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
  • Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)

See also

• Politics of Spain
• List of political parties by country
• List of political parties in Catalonia
  • List of political parties in Galicia Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
    • • • Republicanism in Spain Anarchism in Spain The far-right in Spain Federalism in Spain Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain

Notes and References

1. News: 2017-09-29 . Shake-up in Spain: Reform parties have broken the old two-party cartel - The Washington Post . . 2022-10-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170929001131/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/06/19/shake-up-in-spain-reform-parties-have-broken-the-old-two-party-cartel/ . 2017-09-29 .
2. Web site: Composición - Congreso de los Diputados. 2021-08-17. www.congreso.es.
3. News: 1989-01-20. Fraga se empleó a fondo para lograr que el congreso de AP cambie el nombre del partido. es. El País. 2021-08-17. 1134-6582.
4. News: 2014-01-16 . Spanish ruling party rebels launch new conservative party . en . Reuters . 2022-08-01.
5. Web site: 2021-10-25 . Vox registra una Ley de Igualdad para derogar las leyes LGTBI en Madrid . 2022-08-01 . La Vanguardia . es.
6. Web site: 2022-06-13 . El discurso contra el colectivo LGTBI de Giorgia Meloni, heredera del fascismo italiano, en un mitin de Vox en Marbella . 2022-08-01 . www.lasexta.com . es.
7. Web site: 2021-06-24 . Vox muestra su apoyo a Hungría por "no arrodillarse ante la embestida de la ideología LGTB" . 2022-08-01 . El Plural . es.
8. Web site: 2021-07-02 . Abascal firma una declaración sobre el Futuro de Europa con Orban, Marine Le Pen, Georgia Meloni y Salvini . 2022-08-01 . ELMUNDO . es.
9. Web site: González . Miguel . 2021-11-10 . Vox quiere endurecer las trabas a la nacionalización de los inmigrantes magrebíes . 2022-08-01 . El País . es.
10. Web site: Abascal promueve una carta con políticos americanos contra el comunismo . 2022-08-01 . . es-ES.
11. Web site: Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista . 2022-08-01 . SWI swissinfo.ch . es.
12. Web site: 2021-05-19 . Vox y Fratelli d'Italia crean un grupo de trabajo para romper los "cordones sanitarios" . 2022-08-01 . Vozpópuli . es.
13. Web site: Agencias . 2021-05-27 . Orban recibe a Abascal en Budapest y el líder de Vox lo señala como su ejemplo para España . 2022-08-01 . elconfidencial.com . es.
14. Web site: Catalonia election: full results. The Guardian.
15. Web site: 2021-04-26 . Ciudadanos in crisis: How Spain's center couldn't hold . 2022-08-01 . POLITICO . en-US.
16. News: Pérez . Fernando J. . 2019-11-11 . Ciudadanos pierde en todas las provincias más de la mitad de los votos que obtuvo en abril . es . El País . 2022-08-01 . 1134-6582.
17. Web site: 2020-02-20. Ciudadanos pacta con el PP ocupar el segundo puesto de las listas por Álava y Vizcaya en las elecciones vascas. 2021-08-18. Europa Press.
18. A centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
19. News: La entrevista: 'Somos un ejemplo para los jóvenes'. Pinares Noticias. June 17, 2014. June 27, 2014. es.
20. News: B.. Antón. La vocación por bandera. Diario de Burgos. June 11, 2014. June 27, 2014. es.
21. Web site: Resultados elecciones generales 2019 - Muerte al Sistema, el Partido RISA y Unión de Todos: estos son los partidos menos votados el 28-A. Europa Press. 2019-04-29. Vozpópuli. es-ES. 2019-04-30.