The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi-party system. The largest by members and parliament seats are the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) and Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
Germany also has a number of other parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded in 2013. The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and from 2013 to 2021, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called a grand coalition.[1]
Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislatures are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple (officially red, which is customarily used for the SPD) for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.[2]
| Party | Leader(s) | Ideology | Political position | MEPs | MdLs | Membership | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free Voters | FW | Hubert Aiwanger | Liberal conservatism Regionalism Soft Euroscepticism[4] | Centre-right | RE | EDP | 6,225 | ||||
| Volt Germany | Volt | Lara Neumann, Tim Marton | Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism European federalism | Centre-left | Greens/EFA | VOLT | 4,000 | ||||
| Die PARTEI | Die PARTEI | Martin Sonneborn | Left-wing | NI | - | 51,078 | |||||
| Ecological Democratic Party | ÖDP | Christian Rechholz | Green conservatism | Centre-left | EPP | EFA | 8,035 | ||||
| Party of Progress | Lukas Sieper | Centre-left | NI | - | 302 | ||||||
| Family Party of Germany | Familie | Helmut Geuking | EPP | ECPM | 705 | ||||||
| Human Environment Animal Protection Party | Tierschutzpartei | Aida Spiegeler Castaneda Marcel Krohn Robert Gabel | Animal rights Environmentalism | Left-wing | GUE/NGL | APEU | 2,400 | ||||
| Name | Leader(s) | Ideology | Political position | EP group | Membership | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action Citizen for Justice | ABG | Alfred Dorn | Direct democracy Alternative medicine Right-wing populism Nationalism | |||||
| Action Party for Animal Welfare | Tierschutz hier! | Thomas Schwarz | Animal rights Animal welfare | Single-issue | 50 | |||
| Association for Freedom and Humanity | Anton Stucki | Liberalism | 40[5] | |||||
| Alliance C – Christians for Germany | Bündnis C | Karin Heepen & Ole Steffes | Conservatism Christian fundamentalism | Right-wing | ECPM | 1,078 | ||
| Alliance for Innovation and Justice | BIG | Haluk Yildiz | Political Islam | 2,000 | ||||
| Alliance for Human Rights, Animal- and Nature Protection | Tierschutzallianz | Josef Fassl | Animal rights | Single-issue | 97 | |||
| Alliance of German Democrats | AD-Demokraten | Ramazan Akbaş | Conservatism Political Islam | 2,500 | ||||
| AlphaHHP | AlphaHHP | Anti-vaccination | ||||||
| Anarchist Pogo Party of Germany | APPD | Peter Vehreschild | Satire | Apoliticism | 2,512 | |||
| Arminius – Association of the German People | Arminius – Bund | Johann Thießen | Russia German interests German nationalism Neo-nazism | Far-right | 40 | |||
| Basic Income Alliance | BGE | Martin Sonnabend | Single-issue | 350 | ||||
| GFA | Uwe Bjorck | Universal basic income | Single-issue | 27 | ||||
| Bavaria Party | BP | Florian Weber | Autonomism Bavarian nationalism Regionalism Conservatism | Centre-right | EFA | 3,926 | ||
| Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei" | B* | Rico Tscharntke | Post-left anarchy Dadaism | Far-left | 229 | |||
| Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters | BVB/FW | Péter Vida | Regionalism | 910 | ||||
| German Centre Party | ZENTRUM | Christian Otte | Centre-right | 300 | ||||
| Climate List Germany | KL | Fabian Aisenbrey, Doris Vollmer | Climate change mitigation | |||||
| Citizen for Germany | BfD | Direct democracy | ||||||
| Citizen for Progress and Change | BFW | Uwe Hück | Progressivism | Centre-left | 170 | |||
| Civic and economic-ecological Union | BWUnion | Liberalism Nationalism | ||||||
| Civil Rights Movement Solidarity | BüSo | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement | Syncretic | 556 | |||
| Communist Party of Germany | KPD | Torsten Schöwitz | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Stalinism | Far-left | 165 | |||
| Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Awakening | DAVA | Teyfik Ozcan | Turkish minority interests Erdoğanism | |||||
| Democratic Union of Germany | DVD | Werner Krüger | Reformism Direct democracy Universal basic income | |||||
| Democratic Liberal LEAGUE | LIGA | Thomas H. Stütz | Conservatism | Centre-right | ||||
| Democracy DIRECT! | DIE DIREKTE! | Christian Rombeck | Direct democracy | 34 | ||||
| Democracy in Motion | DiB | Julia Beerhold, Alexander Plitsch | Democratic socialism | Left-wing | 224 | |||
| Democratic Left | DL | Eckehart Ehrenberg | Democratic socialism | Left-wing | 43 | |||
| ÖkoLinX | Grassroots democracy Eco-socialism Anti-fascism | Left-wing to far-left | 350 | |||||
| Ecological-Left Liberal Democratic Party | ÖLDP | Bérangère Bultheel | Social democracy Social liberalism European Federalism | Centre-left | 70 | |||
| Educate Berlin! | Bildet Berlin! | Florian Bublys, Tamara Adamzik | Education reform | Single-issue | 50 | |||
| LIEBE | European federalism Subsidized marriage | 53 | ||||||
| Feminist Party The Women | DIE FRAUEN | Renate Schmidtsdorff-Aicher | 400 | |||||
| Free Citizens' Union | FBU | Walter Pfleiderer | National liberalism Conservatism Nationalism | Right-wing | ||||
| Free Citizen Central Germany | FBM | Regionalism | 35 | |||||
| Free Horizon | FREiER HORIZONT | Norbert Schumacher | Anti-Wind turbine | Single-issue | ||||
| FPA | Luca Piwodda | Participatory democracy | 200 | |||||
| Free Saxons | FS | Martin Kohlmann | Saxon monarchism Regionalism | Right-wing to Far-right | 1,200 | |||
| | Volksabstimmung | Helmut Fleck | Direct Democracy Nationalism | Right-wing | 350 | |||
| Future. | Z. | Lasse Lorenzen | Regionalism | 112 | ||||
| future! | Stephan Bublitz | Youth interests | ||||||
| Garden Party | Gartenpartei | Roland Zander | Pro-Allotment Environmentalism | 349 | ||||
| German Centre | DM | Sven Hüther | Right-wing populism Anti-vaccination | Right-wing | 500 | |||
| German Conservatives | Deutsche Konservative | Dieter Jochim | Conservatism National conservatism | Centre-right to right-wing | 380 | |||
| German Communist Party | DKP | Patrik Köbele | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | 2,850 | |||
| | DLW | Benjamin Meise | Farmer interests | |||||
| German Party – The Freedomites | DP | Gerd-Uwe Dahlmann | National conservatism German nationalism Right-wing populism | Right-wing | 250 | |||
| German Sports Party | DSP | Michael Möller | Grassroots democracy Sport for social development Anti-Doping | |||||
| German Social Union | DSU | Roberto Rink | National conservatism Social conservatism | Right-wing | 1,060 | |||
| Germans Originating from all of Germany (Autochthons) | AGsD | Horst Zaborowski | Nationalism Irredentism Direct democracy | |||||
| Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany | dieBasis | Reiner Fuellmich, Viviane Fischer | Anti-lockdown Anti-vaccination | 24,000 | ||||
| Human Economy Party | HUMANWIRTSCHAFT | Dieter Müller | Freiwirtschaft | |||||
| Human world - for the well-being and happiness of all | MENSCHLICHE WELT | Michael Moritz | Progressive utilization theory Anti-vaccination Pacifism | 669 | ||||
| INDEPENDENTS for citizen-friendly democracy | UNABHÄNGIGE | Werner Fischer | Non-partisan democracy Direct democracy | 86 | ||||
| Liberal Democrats – The Social Liberals | LD | Bernd Grothkopp | Social liberalism | 100 | ||||
| Lobbyists for Children | LfK | Johanna Nelkner, Fabio Libonati | Children's rights | 100 | ||||
| Lusatian Alliance | Hannes Wilhelm-Kell | Regionalism Progressivism Ethnic minority interests | 90 | |||||
| Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany | MLPD | Gabi Fechtner | Marxism–Leninism Communism | Far-left | 2,800 | |||
| Mindful Democrats | Die Achtsamen | |||||||
| Modern Social Party | MSP | |||||||
| mut | mut | Claudia Stamm | Social liberalism | Centre-left | 400 | |||
| center|75px | MERA25 | Julijana Zita | Progressivism Green New Deal European federalism Direct democracy | DiEM25 | ||||
| National Democratic Party of Germany | NPD | Lennart Schwarzbach | Neo-Nazism | Far-right | ||||
| neo. Wellbeing for all | neo. | Jörg Gastmann | Economic Balance System Universal basic income Grassroots democracy | |||||
| New Strength Party | NSP | Sara Storch, Christoph Thews | Neo-Nazism | Far-right | ||||
| One for all - Party | Eine für Alle | Grassroots democracy | 13 | |||||
| Party for Franconia | DIE FRANKEN | Robert Gattenlöhner | Regionalism | 237 | ||||
| Party for Biomedical Rejuvenation Research | Verjüngungsforschung | Felix Werth | Single-issue politics | Single-issue | 289 | |||
| Party of Humanists | PdH | Felicitas Klings | Humanism Secularism Civil libertarianism Social liberalism | 2,350 | ||||
| Party of Reason | PdV | Friedrich Dominicus | Right-libertarianism Euroscepticism | Right-wing | EPIL | 352 | ||
| PETO | PETO | Lydia Hannawald | Youth interests | 400 | ||||
| Pirate Party Germany | PIRATEN | Anne Herpertz | Centre-left | Greens/EFA | 5,541 | |||
| Renters Party | MIETERPARTEI | Anke Hahn, Hartmut Bräunlich | Anti-high rentTenant rights | Centre-left | 50 | |||
| Saxon People's Party | SVP | Mirko Schmidt | Nationalism | Far-right | ||||
| SGV – Solidarity, Equity, Change | SGV | Anti-corruption | ||||||
| Socialist Equality Party | SGP | Ulrich Rippert | Trotskyism | Far-left | 276 | |||
| Standing up socially just intelligent party | Aufstehenpartei | Paul Weiler | Left-wing populism | Centre-left to Left-wing | ||||
| Statt Party | STATT | Robert W. Hugo | Populism | 200 | ||||
| The Justice Party – Team Todenhöfer | Jürgen Todenhöfer | Anti-militarism Populism | 5,314 | |||||
| The Glass clear | DGK | Marie-José Velonjara | Social democracy Populism | |||||
| The Federals | DIE FÖDERALEN | Maren Zaidan | Liberalism Federalism Progressivism | |||||
| The Grays – For all Generations | Die Grauen | Michael Schulz | Intergenerationality | 135 | ||||
| The Homeland | HEIMAT | Frank Franz | Neo-Nazism Ultranationalism Pan-Germanism Anti-immigration Revanchism | Far-right | APF | 3,000 | ||
| The House of Germany | DHD | Egbert Besler | Constitutionalism Social democracy | |||||
| The Reformers | REFORMER | Erich Schuster | Liberalism Pro-Europeanism | |||||
| The III. Path | III. Weg | Matthias Fischer | Neo-Nazism Strasserism Ethnic nationalism German nationalism Hard Euroscepticism | Far-right | 642 | |||
| The Modernity | Martin Martens | Centrism | Centre | |||||
| The New Centre | NM | Christoph Hörstel | Sovereignism Euroscepticism Anti-vaccination Anti-Zionism Russophilia | Right-wing | ||||
| The New Democrats | Security | |||||||
| The Libertarians | DIE LIBERTÄREN | Dr. Mathias Hummel | Libertarianism Laissez-faire Economic liberalism | |||||
| THE OTHERS | sonstige | Democratic confederalism Progressivism Anti-militarism | Left-wing | 171 | ||||
| The Party of Sorbians | PDS | Lars Krause | Political satire Sorbian Separatism Anti-militarism | |||||
| The Pink/ Alliance21 | BÜNDNIS21 | Anti-corruption | 450 | |||||
| The Republicans | REP | Tilo Schöne | German nationalism National conservatism Euroscepticism Social conservatism | Right-wing | 4,533 | |||
| The Right | Die RECHTE | Christian Worch | Neo-Nazism Ultranationalism Pan-Germanism Anti-immigration Historical revisionism | Far-right | 550 | |||
| The Sharks – Party with bite | HAIE | Jan Heie Erchinger | Pragmatism | Centre | ||||
| The Peace Party | Mahmoud Ahmed | Pacifism | ||||||
| The Urbans. A HipHop Party | du | Niki Drakos, Raphael Hillebrand | Social justice Environmentalism | 303 | ||||
| The Violets | Die Violetten | Irene Garcia Garcia | Spiritualism Direct democracy Environmentalism | 678 | ||||
| Thuringian Homeland Party | THP | 56 | ||||||
| We Citizens Wir Bürger | LKR | Jürgen Joost | Centre-right to right-wing | ECR Party | 1,000 | |||
| V-Partei³ – Party for Change, Vegetarians and Vegans | V³ | Roland Wegner | Animal rights Environmentalism | 1,200 | ||||
| Values Union | WU | Hans-Georg Maaßen | Conservative liberalism National conservatism Economic liberalism | Right-wing | 4,000[6] | |||
| Waying C | Andreas Epp | Christian democracy Conservatism | Right-wing | 74 | ||||
| WiR2020 | W2020 | Wolfgang Romberg, Sonja Früh | Anti-vaccinationism Anti-lockdown | 4,600 | ||||
| Logo | Name | Leader(s) | Ideology | Note | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 50Plus The generation alliance | 50Plus | Hans Werner Müller | Right-wing populism | 2004 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Action Democratic Progress | ADF | Collective leadership | Communism | 1968 | 1969 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Action Group Fourth Party | AVP | Christian Ernst Dietrich Bahner | National conservatism | 1975 | 1978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Action Group of Independent Germans | AUD | Hermann Schwann (1965–1968) | German nationalism Environmentalism Neutrality | 1965 | 1980 | Merged into The Greens | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active Democracy direct | ADd | Direct democracy E-democracy | 2011 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights | GB/BHE | Waldemar Kraft (1951–1954) | National conservatism German nationalism Expellee interests | 1950 | 1961 | Merged into DP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All-German Party of Germany | GPD | Frank Seiboth, Herbert Schneider | National conservatism German nationalism Expellee interests | 1961 | 1981 | Merger of GB/BHE and DP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All-German People's Party | GVP | Gustav Heinemann | Anti-Western integration[<nowiki/>[[:de:Westintegration|de]]] Christian democracy Anti-militarism Neutrality | 1952 | 1957 | Split from CDU, merged into SPD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alliance for Health, Peace and Social Justice | AGFG | Matthias Rath | Alternative medicine | 2005 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alliance of Germans, Party for Unity, Peace and Freedom | BdD | Josef Weber (1964–1968) | Anti-Western integration[<nowiki/>[[:de:Westintegration|de]]] Anti-militarism Neutrality | 1953 | 1968 | Merged into DFU | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alliance of the Centre | ADM | Hans Weide | Conservatism | 2004 | 2012 | Merged into Deutsche Konservative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automobile Taxpayers Party | ASP | Motorist interests | 1993 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awakening of German patriots – Central Germany | ADPM | Benjamin Przybylla | Right-wing populism National conservatism Nationalism | 2019 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awakening for civil rights, freedom and health | AUFBRUCH | Hans Christoph Scheiner | Anti-wireless expansion Alternative medicine | 1998 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Christian Centre | CM | Josef Happel | National conservatism Christian conservatism Social conservatism | 1988 | 2016 | Still exists as a think tank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Christian Falangist Party of Germany | CFPD | Falangism Zionism | 2006 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Christian League - The Party for Life | LIGA | Ewald Jaksch | Christian right Conservatism | 1985 | 1995 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Citizens for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | BMV | Michael Bertram | Conservatism Regionalism | 2018 | 2018 | Split from AfD, merged into Free Voters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Citizens for Thuringia | BfTh | Ute Bergner | Right-wing populism | 2020 | 2024 | Merged into Values Union | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communist League of West Germany | KBW | Joscha Schmierer (1973–1982) | Maoism | 1973 | 1985 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen) | KPD (Roter Morgen) | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism | 1985 | 2011 | Split from KPD/ML | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists | KPD/ML | Ernst Aust (1968–1983) | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism | 1968 | 1986 | Newspaper still exists | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communist Party of Germany | KPD | Max Reimann (1948–1956) | Communism Marxism-Leninism | 1918 | 1956 | Banned in 1956 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Gay/Lesbian Party - The People's Party | DSLP | Thomas Mosmann | Homonationalism Anti-Islam | 2013 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Left | DL | Socialism | 1967 | 1970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Socialists | DS | Eurocommunism | 1982 | 1991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Democratic Party of Germany | DPD | Markus Giersch | Universal basic income Grassroots democracy Anti-Noise pollution | 2009 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drivers' and Peoples' Interest Party | AViP | Andreas Uhing | Motorist interests Euroscepticism | 2011 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drivers' and Citizens' Interest Party | APD | Anton K. Marth | Motorist interests | 1988 | 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equality Party | G | 1973 | 1978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European Federalist Party | EFP | Karl Hahn | European federalism | 1964 | 1994 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| European Workers-Party | EAP | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement | 1974 | 1986 | Succeeded by Patrioten | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expellee and Migrants Party of Germany – Unity | DIE EINHEIT | Dimitri Rempel | Russophilia Conservatism Expellee interests | 2013 | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federation for a Complete Germany | BGD | Horst Zaborowski | Revanchism Nationalism | 1990 | 2017 | Merged with AGsD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free Citizens' Initiative | FBI | Dr. Thomas Kernebeck | Direct democracy | 1994 | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free German People's Party | FDVP | Nationalism | 2000 | 2003 | Split from DVU, merged into DP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free German Workers' Party | FAP | Friedhelm Busse (1988-1995) | Neo-Nazism Strasserism | 1979 | 1995 | Banned in 1995 (as organization) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free Union | FU | Danny Hoffmann | Conservatism Direct democracy Economic liberalism | 2009 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Frisians | FRIESEN | Ralf Bieneck | Ethnic minority interests | 2007 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Community | DG | Otto Hess | German nationalism Anti-militarism Revanchism Strasserism Neutrality | 1949 | 1965 | Merged into AUD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Conservative Party - German Right Party | DKP-DRP | Wilhelm Jaeger (1947–1949) | National conservatism | 1946 | 1950 | Merged into DRP and DP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Democratic Party | ddp | Thorsten Sandvoß | Third way Universal basic income | 2004 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Empire Party | DRP | Heinrich Kunstmann, Adolf von Thadden, Alexander Andrae | Neo-Nazism (after 1952) Pan-Germanism German nationalism | 1950 | 1956 | Merger of DRP and NDP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Freedom Party | DFP | Heinrich Kunstmann | German nationalism Strasserism Neutrality | 1962 | 1964 | Split from DRP, merged into AUD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Freedom Party | DIE FREIHEIT | Michael Stürzenberger | Classical liberalism Direct democracy Right-wing populism Hard Euroscepticism | 2010 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Party | DP | Heinrich Hellwege | German nationalism National conservatism Constitutional monarchism | 1947 | 1961 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Party | DP | Adolf von Thadden (after 1967) | National conservatism | 1961 | 1980 | Founded by former members of the 1947 DP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Peace Union | DFU | Pacifism Neutrality Anti-militarism | 1960 | 1984/90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German People's Union | DVU | Matthias Faust (2009–2011) | Pan-Germanism National conservatism Right-wing populism | 1971/87 | 2011 | Split from and merged into NPD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Protestant League | DEUPROLIGA | Christian democracy | 2020 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| German Reconstruction Party | D|A|P|Tobias Stober|D-Mark reintroduction|2017|2019||-! style="background:black;" |||German Social Union |DSU|Otto Strasser|Strasserism Revolutionary nationalism|1956|1962||-!||German Solidarity - Union for the Environment and Life Protection |Öko-Union|Horst Götting|National conservatism|1978|1997|Split from AVP|-!||German Union |DU|Siegfried Zoglmann|National liberalism|1971|1980||-!||Gray Panthers |Graue Panther|Georg Schulte||1989|2008||-! style="background:#FE7E00;" |||Humanist Party |HP||New Humanism Social liberalism Grassroots democracy|1984|2006||-! style="background:#CFEFEE;" |||Independent Workers' Party (German Socialists) |UAP|Ulrich Villmow (1995–2014)|Strasserism Neue Rechte European federalism Democratic socialism|1962|2014|Split from DSU, unofficial successor|-!||Independent Workers' Party of Germany |UAPD||Titoism Trotskyism|1950|1952||-! style="background:#FFFF00;" |||Kreuzberg Patriotic Democrats/Realistic Center |KPD/RZ|Hans Joachim Grimm|Satire Anti-fascism|1988|2016|Merged into Die PARTEI|-! style="background:#FF8000;" |||Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative |WASG|Klaus Ernst, Thomas Händel, Christine Buchholz, Axel Troost|Democratic socialism Trade unionism|2005|2007|Merged into The Left|-!||League of German Communists |BDK||Communism Marxism-Leninism|1972|?|Split from DKP|-!||Liberal People's Party |FVP|Franz Handlos|National conservatism Social conservatism|1985|1992|Split from The Republicans|-! style="background:#0185CD;" |||Maritime Union of Germany |MUD|Konrad Fischer|Fishermans' interests Social democracy Euroscepticism|2011|2012||-!||Mature Citizens |Mündige Bürger|Erika Herbst|National conservatism Alternative medicine Esotericism|1975|1994||-!||Motorist and citizens' interest party in Germany |APD|Anton K. Marth (1988–1995)|Motorist interests|1988|2002||-! style="background:#F40905;" |||Muslim Democratic Union |MDU||Islamism Salafism|2010|2014|Merged into BIG|-!||National Democratic Empire Party |NDRP||Neo-Nazism|1950|1951|Merger of multiple smaller parties, succeeded by Young Party|-!||National Liberal Action |NLA|Erich Mende|National liberalism|1970|1971||-!||National Party of Germany |NPD|Moritz von Faber (1956-62) Wolf Ewert (1952-56) Erwin Mebus (1950-52)|Neutralism National Bolshevism|1950|1962||-!||Natural Law Party |NATURGESETZ||Transcendental Meditation|1992|2004||-!||New consciousness - The holistic-esoteric party of Germany |Bewußtsein||New-Age movement Esotericism|1989|?||-! style="background:black;" |||New National Party |NNP|Jens Tholen|Civic nationalism Social liberalism Anti-fascism|2014|2015||-!||Noise torture-Environment-Politics-Honest |LUPe|Klaus Zimmer|Anti-Noise pollution|2013|2016||-! style="background:#FF8C01;" |||Parent Party |Eltern|Werner Jock|Parents' interests|2005|2010||-! style="background:#63B8FF;" |||Party for a Rule of Law Offensive |PRO|Ronald Schill (2000–2003)|Right-wing populism Conservatism|2000|2007|Commonly known as Schill-Partei|-!||Party for Labour, Environment and Family |AUF||Conservatism Christian fundamentalism|2008|2015|Merged into Alliance C|-! style="background:#F57E13;"|||Party of Bible-abiding Christians |PBC|Gerhard Heinzmann|Christian right Pentecostalism Christian fundamentalism|1989|2015|Merged into Alliance C|-! style="background:#8B1C62;"|||Party of Democratic Socialism |PDS|Lothar Bisky (2003–2007)|Democratic socialism Left-wing populism|1989|2007|Merged into The Left|-! style="background:#F06000;"|||Party of Non-Voters |Nichtwähler|Werner Peters|Protest party Direct democracy|1998|2016||-! style="background:#FF4545;"|||Party of those willing to work and the socially disadvantaged |PASS|Frank Knüppel (1998–2000)|Protest party Unemployed interests|1993|2009||-!||Patriots for Germany |Patrioten|Helga Zepp-LaRouche|LaRouche movement National conservatism|1986|1992|Succeeded by BüSo|-!||Peace List |FRIEDEN|1984–1986: Mechtild Jansen Manfred Coppik Hans Mausbach|Peace movement|1984|1989||-! style="background:#FE6500;" |||Pensioners' Party Germany |RENTNER|Günter Pfeiffer|Senior citizens interests|2002|2016||-! style="background:#FF6918;" |||Pensioners' Party |RRP|Manfred Link|Senior citizens interests|2007|2016||-!||Pro Germany Citizens' Movement |pro Deutschland|Manfred Rouhs|Right-wing populism|2005|2017||-! style="background:#1F6AA0;" |||Pro NRW |pro NRW|Markus Beisicht|Right-wing populism Anti-immigration Anti-Islam|2007|2019||-!||Posadist Communist Party ||Paul Schulz|Posadism|1969|2005||-!||Sarazzist Party ━ for Referendums |SPV|Kai Schulze|Sarrazism Direct democracy|2010|2011||-! style="background:#D83A52;"|||Social People's Party |SVP|Ronny Grubert|Neo-Nazism Militancy|1999|1999|Split from NPD|-! style="background:#CD2C00;"|||Social People's Party of Germany |SVD|Wolfgang Staschen|Social democracy Anti-immigration|1984|1984||-! style="background:#C80000;"|||Socialist Reich Party |SRP|Otto Ernst Remer, Fritz Dorls, Gerhard Krüger|Neo-Nazism|1949|1952|Banned in 1952|-! style="background:#DC241F;"|||Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin |SEW|Gerhard Danelius (1962–1978)|Communism Marxism-Leninism|1962|1991|Split from SED|-!||Spartacus League |SpB||Trotskyism|1974|1980s||-! style="background:#DA251C;"|||Red October |RO||Communism Marxism-Leninism|2002|2009|Split from KPD (RO)|-! style="background:#DC0000;"|||Revolutionary Socialist League |RSB||Trotskyism|1994|2016|Merged into ISO|-! style="background:#120980;"|||The Blue Party |Blaue #TeamPetry|Frauke Petry|National conservatism National liberalism Euroscepticism|2017|2019|Split from the AfD|-! style="background:#800080;"|||The Grays – Gray Panthers |GRAUE||Anti-Ageism Green politics Senior citizens interests|1989|2008|Split into Die Grauen and Graue Panther|-! style="background:#FF6297;" |||The Social Liberals |SL|Mikael Horstmann|Social liberalism European federalism|2014|2021|Still exists as a think tank|-! style="background:#000000;" |||The Ungovernable - Autonomous List |U/AL||Anti-fascism Direct action|1989|2009||-! style="background:#0000FF;" |||Union of Free Citizens |BFB|Manfred Brunner|National liberalism Right-wing populism|1994|2000||-!||Union of Free Germany |BFD||Right-wing populism|1973|1977||-!||United Socialist Party |VSP||Socialism|1986|2000||-!||West German Women's Peace Movement |WFFB|Klara Marie Faßbinder|German reunification Anti-militarism Pacifism|1952|1974||-!||Woman's Party |Frauen|Sibylle Schücking-Helfferich|Feminism|1979|1989||-! style="background:#63B8FF;" |||Work for Bremen and Bremerhaven |AFB||Centrism|1995|2004||-! style="background:#000000;" |||Workers' Party of Germany |PdAD|Michael Koth|Juche National Bolshevism|1995|1998||-! style="background:#10BBA3;" |||Workers' Party of Germany |PdAD|Simon Bärmann|Social democracy Progressive conservatism|2017|2020||-!||Young Party |||Neo-Nazism Neutrality|1951|1951/2||-! style="background:#CC0001;"|||Youth and Development Party of Germany |JED|Till Müller, Lukas Ostermann|Youth interests Social liberalism Cannabis legalization|2017|2019||} Defunct parties in Allied-occupied Germany
Parties in East Germany
During transition (1989–90)Parties in the Saar Protectorate
Parties in Weimar RepublicSee main article: Weimar political parties. Parties founded before World War ISee also
External links
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