This is a list of ocean liners past and present, which are passenger ships engaged in the transportation of passengers and goods in transoceanic voyages. Ships primarily designed for pleasure cruises are listed at List of cruise ships. Some ships which have been explicitly designed for both line voyages and cruises, or which have been converted from liners to cruise ships, may be listed in both places. Also included are cargo liners designed to carry both cargo and passengers.
The following ships were not renamed at any time during their career.
| Ship name | Year launched | Fate | class=unsortable width=200 | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | Caught fire, and sank on December 18, 1891 | |||
| RMS Acadia | 1840 | Scrapped in 1858 after being deployed as a troopship during the Indian Mutiny | ||
| USAHS Acadia | 1932 | Scrapped in 1955 | ||
| 1860 | Unknown | |||
| 1871 | Scrapped in 1899 after being sold | |||
| SS Adriatic (1856) | 1856 | Beached and abandoned in 1885 | ||
| 1906 | Scrapped in 1935 | |||
| 1898 | Torpedoed and sunk by SM UC-66, February 12, 1917. | |||
| RMS Africa | 1850 | Sold for refit as a sailing ship in 1868 | ||
| 1913 | Attacked by German merchant raiders, and sank on February 29, 1916 | |||
| 1926 | Scrapped in 1957 | |||
| RMS Amazon | 1906 | Torpedoed and Sunk March 15, 1918 | ||
| RMS America | 1847 | Broken up in 1875 | ||
| 1951 | Collided with, and sank on July 26, 1956. | |||
| 1883 | Scrapped in 1925 | |||
| 1924 | Scrapped in 1953 | |||
| 1953 | Caught fire, and abandoned after hitting a reef on January 8, 1971 | |||
| 1913 | Scrapped in 1950 | |||
| 1902 | Torpedoed and sunk by on August 19, 1915 | |||
| 1908 | Scrapped in 1931 | |||
| 1927 | Torpedoed and sunk on July 2, 1940 | |||
| 1953 | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1979 | |||
| 1850 | Collided with, and sank in 1854 | |||
| 1911 | Scrapped in 1938 | |||
| 1903 | Scrapped in 1936 | |||
| 1895 | Torpedoed and Sunk by SM U-24 on June 28, 1915 | |||
| 1919 | Scrapped in 1959 | |||
| 1928 | Torpedoed and sunk on November 1, 1944 | |||
| RMS Asia | 1850 | Broken up in 1883 | ||
| MV Athlone Castle | 1936 | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1965 | ||
| 1871 | Ran aground and wrecked off Nova Scotia, April 1, 1873 | |||
| 1899 | Taken out of service in 1930, fate unknown | |||
| 1942 | Torpedoed and sunk on May 1, 1945 | |||
| 1936 | Bombed and Sunk by German Aircraft, November 11, 1942 | |||
| 1850 | Scrapped in 1880 | |||
| 1903 | Scrapped in 1933 - Japan | |||
| 1935 | Scrapped in 1971 | |||
| 1881 | Ran aground and wrecked May 22, 1896 | |||
| 1874 | Scrapped in 1899 | |||
| SS Braemar Castle | 1898 | Scrapped in 1924 | ||
| 1928 | Caught fire, and gutted in 1941. Later scrapped in 1946 | |||
| 1874 | Scrapped in 1903 after being sold | |||
| 1914 | Struck a mine and sank on November 21, 1916 | |||
| 1929 | Scrapped in 1960 | |||
| RMS Caledonia | 1840 | Lost outside Havana in 1851 | ||
| SS Caledonia | 1904 | Torpedoed by SM U-24 on December 4, 1916 | ||
| 1913 | Torpedoed and sunk on March 1, 1918 | |||
| 1906 | Torpedoed by on February 7, 1917 | |||
| 1923 | Crippled by a German air attack on July 11, 1943, and sunk the next day by the Royal Navy | |||
| RMS Cambria | 1844 | Scrapped in March 1875 after being sold | ||
| 1911 | Torpedoed by the German submarine on April 15, 1917 | |||
| 1892 | Collided with, and sank on November 5, 1918 | |||
| RMS Canada | 1848 | Scrapped in 1883 | ||
| 1960 | Scrapped at Gadani Beach, Pakistan in 1997 | |||
| 1927 | Caught fire and capsized in the Bay of Lübeck after being bombed by British aircraft on May 3, 1945. Wreck scrapped in 1949. | |||
| MV Capetown Castle | 1937 | Scrapped at La Spezia, Italy in 1967 | ||
| 1913 | Sank in combat on September 14, 1914 | |||
| 1925 | Torpedoed and sunk by on June 7, 1940 | |||
| 1905 | Scrapped in 1932 | |||
| MV Carnarvon Castle | 1926 | Scrapped at Mihara, Japan in 1963 | ||
| 1877 | Unknown | |||
| 1904 | Scrapped in 1933 | |||
| 1902 | Torpedoed southeast of Ireland and west of the Scilly Isles by on July 17, 1918 | |||
| 1881 | Scrapped in 1901 | |||
| 1924 | Bombed by German aircraft, sank in 1942 | |||
| 1902 | Scrapped in 1932 | |||
| 1901 | Ran aground on 10 December 1928, scrapped on site | |||
| 1912 | Torpedoed and sunk on December 6, 1942 | |||
| 1931 | Struck an air-laid mine and capsized off of La Pallice, France on June 17, 1940, later torpedoed. Wreck scrapped in 1965. | |||
| 1882 | Wrecked on April 11, 1902, at Remedios Point, Panama | |||
| 1939 | Scuttled in 1940 by British torpedo after being damaged by German aircraft | |||
| 1949 | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1973, work completed in 1974. | |||
| 1863 | Ran aground in 1916 | |||
| 1936 | Torpedoed and sunk on September 17, 1940, while carrying child evacuees | |||
| 1864 | Vanished and presumed lost January 1870 | |||
| 1869 | Collided with while entering the River Mersey, and sank on January 7, 1883 | |||
| 1915 | Torpedoed and sunk on November 6, 1942 | |||
| 1878 | Wrecked off Martha's Vineyard January 18, 1884 | |||
| 1850 | Vanished and presumed lost in 1854 | |||
| 1863 | Vanished and presumed lost in 1881 | |||
| 1851 | Wrecked in 1876 | |||
| 1922 | Torpedoed and sunk on April 29, 1941 | |||
| 1888 | Scrapped in 1923 - Genoa, Italy | |||
| 1920 | Scrapped in 1956 | |||
| 1874 | Scrapped in 1920 | |||
| 1854 | Sank on maiden voyage off Cape Race September 9, 1854 | |||
| 1873 | Scrapped in 1896 - Genoa, Italy | |||
| 1878 | Struck rocks and sank on February 22, 1901, off of San Francisco | |||
| 1881 | Scrapped in 1902 - Germany | |||
| 1874 | Wrecked off Tokyo Bay, June 1885 | |||
| 1908 | Scrapped in 1933 | |||
| RMS Columbia (1840) | 1840 | Wrecked on Devil's Limb Reef at Seal Island, Nova Scotia, on July 2, 1843 | ||
| 1924 | Scuttled by the crew in 1939 to avoid capture by the Royal Navy | |||
| 1931 | Scrapped in 1950 | |||
| 1922 | Scrapped in 1949 | |||
| 1953 | Scrapped in 1982 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan | |||
| 1904 | Struck a reef and sank off Yokohama on March 3, 1907 | |||
| 1923 | Bombed by British aircraft, and sank on May 3, 1945 | |||
| 1900 | Torpedoed and sunk, August 21, 1917 | |||
| 1922 | Scrapped in 1935 | |||
| SS Dover Castle | 1904 | Torpedoed and sunk by UC-67 on May 26, 1918 | ||
| 1928 | Crippled by a German air attack on July 11, 1943, and sunk the next day by the Royal Navy | |||
| 1923 | Bombed by Allied aircraft and sank in 1944 | |||
| 1938 | Scrapped at Hamburg in 1962 | |||
| SS Edinburgh Castle | 1910 | Served in both wars sunk as a target near Sierra Leone on September 25, 1945 | ||
| RMS Edinburgh Castle | 1947 | Scrapped 1976 | ||
| 1881 | Collided with, and sank in the North Sea on January 31, 1895 | |||
| 1912 | Bombed by Japanese aircraft and sank off Sultan Shoal on February 5, 1942 | |||
| 1930 | Torpedoed and sunk on October 28, 1940, by a German U-boat | |||
| 1920 | Torpedoed and sunk in 1943 by the | |||
| 1890 | Scrapped in 1912 - Yokohama, Japan | |||
| 1906 | Collided with, and sank on May 29, 1914 | |||
| 1890 | Scrapped in 1926 | |||
| 1912 | Scrapped in 1945 - Barrow-in-Furness | |||
| 1909 | Scrapped in 1934 | |||
| 1884 | Scrapped in 1910 | |||
| RMS Europa | 1847 | Sold in February 1866 | ||
| 1910 | Scrapped in 1936 | |||
| 1902 | Scrapped in 1928 | |||
| 1961 | Awaiting conversion as a hotelship in Lisbon, Portugal | |||
| 1913 | Torpedoed and sunk, October 4, 1916 | |||
| 1930 | Caught fire, and sank on May 19, 1932 | |||
| 1904 | Torpedoed and sunk, January 1, 1916 | |||
| 1931 | Scrapped in 1956 | |||
| 1950 | Scrapped at La Spezia, Italy in 1973 | |||
| 1947 | Scrapped in 1969 | |||
| 1843 | Preserved as a museum ship | |||
| 1858 | Scrapped in 1889 | |||
| 1837 | Scrapped in 1856 | |||
| 1929 | Preserved as a museum ship | |||
| 1948 | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1975 | |||
| 1954 | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1973 | |||
| 1926 | Scrapped at Osaka, Japan in 1959 | |||
| 1899 | Torpedoed and sunk on January 1, 1917 | |||
| 1914 | Scuttled and sunk, May 14, 1940 | |||
| 1897 | Scuttled on August 26, 1914, as a result of the Battle of Río de Oro | |||
| 1902 | Scrapped in 1927 | |||
| 1930 | Scrapped in 1936 | |||
| 1885 | Collided with, and sank on July 4, 1898, off Sable Island | |||
| 1890 | Scrapped in 1923 | |||
| 1911 | Torpedoed and sunk on February 15, 1917, by the German U-boat | |||
| 1921 | Torpedoed and sunk on September 12, 1942, by | |||
| 1908 | Scrapped in 1934 - Osaka, Japan | |||
| 1908 | Struck two mines and sank on January 25, 1917 | |||
| 1958 | Caught fire, and scrapped in 1982 | |||
| 1893 | Caught fire, and scrapped in 1909 | |||
| 1906 | Wrecked on Bellows Rock off Cape Point, South Africa, on 18 April 1911 | |||
| 1906 | Torpedoed and sunk on May 7, 1915 | |||
| 1889 | Scrapped in 1921 | |||
| 1948 | Wrecked in 1949 | |||
| 1935 | Wrecked on Fraser Island, Queensland, July 7, 1935. | |||
| 1923 | Scrapped in 1954 | |||
| 1911 | Struck a mine and sank off Dover, February 1916 | |||
| 1907 | Scrapped in 1937 | |||
| 1920 | Scuttled in 1944 and scrapped in 1946 | |||
| 1906 | Scrapped in 1935 | |||
| 1938 | Scrapped in 1965 | |||
| 1929 | Bombed and Sunk, November 7, 1943 | |||
| 1908 | Scrapped in 1933 after being sold | |||
| 1962 | Scrapped in 1991 | |||
| 1970 | Struck rocks and sank on February 16, 1986, near Marlborough Sounds | |||
| 1923 | Scrapped in 1934 | |||
| 1897 | Wrecked on Goodwin Sands on 20 December 1914 | |||
| 1923 | Scrapped at Faslane, Scotland, in 1954 | |||
| 1922 | Scrapped in 1954 after being sold | |||
| 1925 | Bombed by German aircraft in September, 1943 then subsequently scuttled | |||
| 1912 | Sank after striking a mine, June 19, 1940 | |||
| RMS Niagara (1847) | 1847 | Wrecked near South Stack, Anglesey on June 6, 1875[1] | ||
| 1937 | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1974 | |||
| 1961 | Scrapped in 1975 | |||
| 1926 | Torpedoed and sank in 1942 | |||
| 1870 | Scrapped in 1896 | |||
| 1899 | Ran aground off, Foula, Shetland on September 8, 1914, fully scrapped by 1979 | |||
| Oceanic (unfinished ship) | Never launched | Partly built hull was deconstructed, and melted down to make the smaller and | ||
| 1910 | Scrapped in 1937 | |||
| 1914 | Scrapped in 1950 | |||
| 1937 | Torpedoed and sunk on October 10, 1942, by | |||
| 1947 | Scrapped in 1973 | |||
| 1913 | Scrapped in 1951 - Scotland | |||
| 1883 | Collided with an unidentified schooner, and sank in 1886 off Long Island, New York | |||
| 1959 | Scrapped in 2005 | |||
| 1934 | Scrapped in 1963 | |||
| 1924 | Torpedoed and sunk off Liberia on October 9, 1942 | |||
| 1950 | Scrapped in 1975 | |||
| 1929 | Scrapped in 1962 - Valencia, Spain | |||
| 1919 | Torpedoed and sunk by U-96, January 16, 1941. | |||
| 1908 | Scrapped in 1936 | |||
| 1953 | Scrapped in 1974 - Taiwan | |||
| 1938 | Struck a mine and sank in 1941 | |||
| 1909 | Collided with, and sank on October 6, 1918 | |||
| 1909 | Torpedoed and sunk off the Hebrides on July 23, 1917 | |||
| 1849 | Vanished and presumed lost January 1856 | |||
| 1850 | Collided with, and sank on November 4, 1875 | |||
| 1902 | Scrapped 1922 | |||
| 1916 | Caught fire, and capsized in Le Havre on April 18, 1939; scrapped on the spot in 1947 | |||
| 1900 | Torpedoed and sunk by SM U-38 on December 30, 1915 | |||
| 1925 | Caught fire, and scrapped in 1932 | |||
| 1934 | Sank on November 26, 1939, by either striking a mine or being torpedoed | |||
| 1840 | Vanished and presumed lost March 1841 | |||
| 1931 | Struck two mines and sank on October 26, 1942 | |||
| 1907 | Torpedoed and sunk by on May 31, 1918 | |||
| 1897 | Scrapped in 1921 | |||
| 1967 | Preserved as a museum/hotel ship in Dubai | |||
| 1934 | Preserved as a museum/hotel ship in Long Beach, California | |||
| 2003 | In service[2] | |||
| 1963 | Partially sank in 1983 | |||
| 1925 | Torpedoed and sunk off Iceland in 1941 | |||
| 1925 | Scrapped in 1953 | |||
| 1929 | Attacked by German merchant raiders, and sank on November 27, 1940 | |||
| 1929 | Scrapped in 1962 | |||
| 1928 | Scrapped in 1962 | |||
| 1924 | Scrapped in 1961 | |||
| 1955 | Scrapped in 1975 | |||
| 1930 | Scrapped in 1958 | |||
| 1931 | Bombed by Allies, and sunk on September 8, 1944 | |||
| 1911 | Scrapped in 1934 or 1936 | |||
| 1899 | Scrapped in 1925 | |||
| 1920 | Scrapped in 1958 | |||
| 1881 | Scrapped in 1902 | |||
| 1928 | Scrapped at Hamburg, Germany in 1952 | |||
| 1895 | Scrapped in 1923 | |||
| 1959 | Preserved as a museum ship in Baltimore, Maryland | |||
| SS Statendam | 1924 | Caught Fire in Rotterdam on May 11, 1940. Scrapped at Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht three months later. | ||
| 1935 | Scrapped at Mihara, Japan in 1966 | |||
| 1938 | Caught fire, and scrapped in 1938 | |||
| 1931 | Scrapped at Hong Kong in 1962 | |||
| 1931 | Scrapped at Hong Kong in 1962 | |||
| 1864 | Wrecked on Otara Reef in New Zealand, April 29, 1881 | |||
| 1929 | Struck a mine and sank in 1939 off the coast of the United Kingdom | |||
| 1911 | Struck an iceberg and sank, April 15, 1912, on her maiden voyage | |||
| 1914 | Torpedoed and sunk on May 4, 1917, by German U-boat | |||
| 1925 | Torpedoed and sunk on August 10, 1940, by | |||
| 1914 | Torpedoed and sunk on February 5, 1918, by | |||
| 1898 | Torpedoed and sunk on June 27, 1917, by SM U-53 | |||
| 1884 | Scrapped in 1910 | |||
| 1951 | Laid up in Philadelphia, bought to be preserved as of February 2011 | |||
| 1940 | Bombed by Allies in 1943, the wreck was scrapped in 1948 | |||
| 1928 | Torpedoed and sunk in 1942 by | |||
| 1912 | Wrecked on Masela Island Reef in the Arafura Sea, August 15, 1951 | |||
| 1908 | Vanished and presumed lost 1909 | |||
| 1892 | Collided with the destroyer Catapulte and sank, May 1918 | |||
| 1929 | Scrapped in 1970 | |||
| 1921 | Torpedoed and sunk on March 23, 1943, by German aircraft off Algiers, Algeria | |||
| 1889 | Scrapped in 1929 |
Note: The ships listed here were renamed, and in some cases multiple times in their careers.
| Ship name | Year launched | Other names | Fate | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | MS Willem Ruys (1947-1965) | Caught fire and sank off Somalia on December 2, 1994 | As MS Willem Ruys As Achille Lauro | |
| 1925 | SS Berlin (1925-1949) | Collided with the Pyotr Vasev, and sank on August 31, 1986 | As the Berlin As the Admiral Nakhimov | |
| 1899 | SS Grosser Kurfürst (1899-1917) USS Grosser Kurfurst (1917-1919) SS City of Los Angeles (1922-1937) | Scrapped in 1937 - Japan | ||
| 1946 | Sincere (1966-1969) | Caught fire, and sank in 1969 | ||
| 1914 | Euripides (1914-1932) | Scrapped in 1954 | ||
| 1881 | Magallanes (1897-1902) | Scrapped in 1902 | ||
| 1920 | California (1930-1941) | Torpedoed and sunk off Syracuse on August 11, 1941 | ||
| 1922 | Hansa (1935-1945) Sovetskiy Soyuz (1953-1980) | Scrapped in 1981 | ||
| 1926 | HMS Alcantara (1939-1943) Kaisho Maru (1958) | Scrapped in 1958 | ||
| MS Aleksandr Pushkin | 1964 | Marco Polo (1991–2021) | Scrapped in Alang, India in 2021. Work completed in 2022. | |
| 1905 | Amerika (1905-1917) USAT America (1919-1920) SS America (1920-1931) USAT Edmund B. Alexander (1940-1957) | Scrapped in 1957 | ||
| 1939 | USS West Point (1941-1946) SS Australis (1964-1978) SS Italis (1978-1980) SS Noga (1980-1984) SS Alferdoss (1984-1993) SS American Star (1994-2008) | Wrecked at Playa de Garcey, Fuerteventura in 1994, whilst under tow to become a hotel ship off Phuket, Thailand. | America USS West Point Australis America (Venture Cruises) S.S. Italis As Noga/Alferdoss The wreck of the American Star | |
| 1962 | MV Minghua (1973-1983) | Preserved as a hotelship | Minghua as part of the Sea World Complex | |
| 1905 | RMS Aragon (1905-1914) | Torpedoed and sank in 1917 | ||
| 1931 | Teiyō Maru (1942-1944) | Torpedoed and sank on August 18, 1944 | ||
| 1929 | SS Pennsylvania (1929-1938) | Scrapped in 1964 | ||
| SS Arundel Castle | 1894 | SS Birma (1905-1913) SS Mitava (1913-1921) SS Josef Pilsudski (1921-1923) SS Franck Hellmers (1923-1924) SS Wilbo (1924) | Scrapped in 1924 | |
| 1879 | Hancock (1898-1926) | Scrapped in 1926 | ||
| 1901 | SS Pelagos (1928-1962) | Scrapped in 1962 | ||
| 1888 | The Viking (1912-1914) HMS Viknor (1914-1915) | Torpedoed and sank on January 13, 1915 | ||
| 1888 | Kuban (1904-1907) | Scrapped in 1907 | ||
| 1926 | Falco (1939-1940) Sparviero (1940-1946) | Scuttled in Genoa in 1944, raised and scrapped in 1946 | ||
| 1950 | Great Sea (1976-1980) Ocean King (1980-1983) Philippines (1983-1985) President (1985-1987) Asian Princess (1987-1999) M/S Philippines (1999-2011) Philippine (2011-2012) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2012 | ||
| 1951 | Marianna IV (1974–2001) Mariann IV (2001) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2001 | ||
| 1956 | The Ausonia (2006) Ivory (2006-2007) Aegean Two (2007-2008) Ivory (2008-2010) Winner 5 (2010) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2010 | ||
| 1871 | SS Veendam (1889-1898) | Collided with a derelict ship, and sank on February 6, 1898 | ||
| 1914 | Belgic (1916-1923) Columbia (1935-1936) | Scrapped in 1936 - Scotland | ||
| 1913 | Argentina (1946-1953) Jerusalem (1953-1957) Aliya (1957-1959) | Scrapped in 1959 | ||
| 1955 | De Grasse (1971–1973) Rasa Sayang (1973–1978) Golden Moon (1978-1980) Rasa Sayang (1980) | Caught fire, and capsized in Perama, Greece on August 27, 1980 | ||
| 1949 | Patris (1959-1979) Mediterranean Island (1979-1981) Mediterranean Star (1981-1988) Terra (1988-1989) | Scrapped at Gadani Beach, Pakistan in 1987 | ||
| 1954 | Toba Brazil Maru (1974-1997) Zhanjiang (1997-1998) Hai Shang Cheng Shi (1998-) | Beached as a restaurant in Zhanjiang, China, currently closed | ||
| 1896 | SS Constantinople (1919-1921) SS King Alexander (1922-1929) | Scrapped in 1929 | ||
| 1951 | SS Brittany (1962-1963) | Caught fire, and gutted on April 8, 1963; scrapped | ||
| 1840 | SMS Barbarossa (1849 - to German Confederation)SMS Barbarossa (1852 - to Prussian Navy) | Cunard's first ocean liner - sunk as target ship by Prussian Navy July 1880 | ||
| 1918 | Orca (1918-1927) | Scrapped in 1934 | ||
| 1928 | SS Uruguay (1938-1964) | Scrapped in 1964 | ||
| 1952 | Stella V (1970) Stella Solaris (1970-2003) S. Solar (2003) | Scrapped in Alang, India in 2003 | ||
| 1919 | HMT Cameronia (1941-1945) SS Empire Clyde (1953-1957) | Scrapped in 1957 | ||
| 1955 | SS Fairland (1968-1971) SS Fairsea (1971-1988) SS Fair Princess (1988-2000) SS China Sea Discovery (2000-2005) Sea Discovery (2005) | Scrapped in 2005 in Alang, India | ||
| 1947 | Columbia (1968) Caribia (1968-1974) | Wrecked in 1974 at Apra Harbour, Guam; subsequently scrapped | ||
| 1907 | USS Harvard (1918; 1920–1931) | Wrecked in 1931 | ||
| Chichibu Maru | 1930 | Titibu Maru (1938-1939) Kamakura Maru (1939-1943) | Torpedoed and sunk by on April 28, 1943 | |
| 1874 | SS Berlin (1893-1898) SS Meade (1898-1921) | Scrapped in 1921 | ||
| 1865 | Tonquin (1884-1885) | Collided with another French vessel, and sank in March 1885 | ||
| 1888 | Yale (1898-1901) Harrisburg (1918-1919) Philadelphia (1901-1918, 1919–1923) | Scrapped in 1923 at Genoa, Italy | ||
| 1953 | Mediterranean Sky (1971–2003) | Capsized at Perama, Greece in January 2003 | ||
| 1950 | Oceanic Constitution (1974-1982) Constitution (1982-1997) | Sank off of the Hawaiian Islands on November 17, 1997, whilst under tow to Alang, India for scrap | ||
| SS Consuelo | 1900 | SS Cairnrona (1909-1911) RMS Albania (1911-1912) SS Poleric (1912-1929) | Scrapped in 1930 | |
| 1925 | USS Hermitage (1942-1946) | Dismantled at La Spezia, Italy, and partly reassembled as a museum in Milan, Italy 1964 | ||
| 1908 | SS Cincinnati (1908-1917) | Torpedoed and sank on July 1, 1918, by a | ||
| 1912 | SS Estonia (1921-1930) SS Pułaski (1930-1946) SS Empire Penryn (1946-1949) | Scrapped in 1949 at Blyth, Northumberland | ||
| 1924 | RMS Empress of Australia (1953-1956) Venezuela (1956-1962) | Scrapped in 1962 | ||
| 1900 | SS Viktoria Luise (1910-1921) SS Hansa (1921-1925) | Scrapped in 1925 | ||
| 1938 | Dominion Monarch Maru (1962) | Scrapped in 1962 at Osaka | ||
| 1914 | SS Medina (1914-1948) SS Roma (1948-1953) MS Franca C (1953-1977) MV Doulos (1977-2010) | Preserved as a hotelship | SS Medina in New York on her maiden voyage. Postcard featuring the SS Franca C. The Doulos at Southampton, England in 2004 MV Doulos Phos in Bintan. Picture taken in 2022. | |
| 1904 | RMS Virginian (1904-1920) Brasil (1948-1951) Homeland (1951-1955) | Scrapped at Trieste, Italy in 1955 | ||
| 1936 | Victoria (1958-1975) The Victoria (1976-1993) Princesa Victoria (1993-2004) Victoria I (2004) | Scrapped at 2004 at Alang, India | ||
| RMS Dunottar Castle | 1890 | SS Caribbean (1913-1914) HMS Caribbean (1914-1915) | Sank in a storm on September 27, 1915 |
| Ship name | Year launched | Other names | width=300px | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | Empire Bure (1947-1950) Charlton Star (1950-1958) Maristrella (1958-1960) | Scrapped in 1960 | ||
| 1902 | SS Iowa (1902-1913) SS Bohemia (1913-1917) Artemis (1917-1941) SS Empire Bittern (1941-1944) | Largely livestock or troop transport. Briefly commissioned USS Artemis April–October 1919. Scuttled in 1944 as an additional blockship for Operation Overlord. | ||
| 1930 | MV Monte Rosa (1930-1947) | Caught fire and sank in the Mediterranean Sea with the loss of four crew, March 30, 1954 | ||
| 1913 | Admiral von Tirpitz (1913-1921) Empress of China (1921) | Scrapped at Inverkeithing, Scotland in 1952 | ||
| 1905 | SS Montroyal (1924-1930) | Scrapped in 1930 | ||
| 1955 | Queen Anna Maria (1964-1975) Carnivale (1975-1993) Fiestamarina (1993-1994) Olympic (1995-1997) The Topaz (1997-2008) Topaz (2008) | Scrapped in 2008 | ||
| 1928 | SS Duchess of Richmond (1928-1947) | Caught fire, and capsized on January 25, 1953; scrapped in 1954 at La Spezia | ||
| 1960 | Mardi Gras (1972-1993) Olympic (1993) Star of Texas (1994) Lucky Star (1994-1995) Apollon (1995-2003) | Scrapped in 2003 | ||
| 1913 | SS Alsatian (1912-1919) | Scrapped in 1934 at Dalmuir | ||
| 1928 | SS Duchess of Bedford (1928-1947) | Scrapped in 1960 | ||
| 1890 | SS Loyalty (1915-1923) | Scrapped in 1923 | ||
| 1930 | RMS Empress of Scotland (1942-1957) TS Hanseatic (1957-1966) | Caught fire, and gutted in 1966; subsequently scrapped | ||
| 1905 | SS Kaiserin Auguste Victoria (1906-1919) | Scrapped in 1930 | ||
| 1964 | Eugenio Costa (1987-1999) Edinburgh Castle (1999-2000) The Big Red Boat II (2000-2004) Red Boat (2004-2005) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2005 | ||
| 1928 | USS Europa (1945-1946) SS Liberté (1950-1963) | Scrapped at La Spezia, Italy in 1963 | ||
| Fairsky | 1942 | SS Steel Artisan (1941) USS Barnes (1942) HMS Attacker (1942-1945) Castel Forte (1950-1958) | Scrapped in 1980 | |
| 1955 | Oxfordshire (1955-1964) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 1997 | ||
| 1902 | USS Finland (ID-4543) (1918-1919) USAT Finland (1919) | Scrapped in 1928 | ||
| 1951 | Carla C (1968-1986) Carla Costa (1986-1992) Pallas Athena (1992-1994) | Scrapped in 1994 | ||
| 1960 | SS Norway (1979-2008) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2007, work completed in 2008. | ||
| 1890 | Don (1905) Moskva (1906–1917) San Guisto (1917-1924) | Scrapped in 1924 - Italy | ||
| 1905 | Amboise (1922-1935) | Scrapped in 1935 - Italy | ||
| 1961 | Galileo (1984-1990) Meridian (1990-1997) Sun Vista (1997-1999) | Caught fire, and sank on May 21, 1999 | ||
| SS Galician | 1900 | Glenart Castle (1914-1918) | Torpedoed and sunk on February 26, 1918 | |
| 1908 | USS George Washington (1917-1919) SS George Washington (1921-1931) USS Catlin (AP-19) (1941) USAT George Washington (1943-1951) | Scrapped in 1951 | ||
| 1893 | Gothland (1907-1911) - (1913-1925) | Scrapped in 1925 | ||
| 1924 | MS Berlin (1954-1966) | Scrapped in 1966 | ||
| 1957 | MS Navarino (1975-1984) MS Regent Sea (1984-1997) Sea (1997-2001) | Sank on July 12, 2001, whilst under tow to Alang, India for scrap | ||
| 1961 | Costa Riviera (1983-1993) American Adventure (1993-1994) Costa Riviera (1994-2001) | Scrapped in 2001 | As the Guglielmo Marconi As the American Adventure As the Costa Riviera | |
| 1925 | Yuri Dolgoruki (1950-1977) | Scrapped in 1977 | ||
| 1921 | Pine Tree State (1921-1922) President Grant (1922-1930) | Scrapped in 1948 | ||
| 1907 | SS Royal George (1910-1922) | Scrapped in 1922 | ||
| RMS Hibernia | 1842 | Habanois (1850-1868) | Lost in 1868 | |
| 1913 | Columbus (1913-1919) | Scrapped in 1935 | ||
| 1896 | SS Friedrich der Grosse (1896-1917) USS Fredrick Der Grosse (1917-1919) SS City of Honolulu (1922) | Caught fire, and sank on October 17, 1922, by gunfire after a failed towing attempt |
| Ship name | Year launched | Other names | Fate | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1912 | USS Imperator (1919–1920) RMS Berengaria (1920–1939) | Scrapped in 1946 (fully) | As Imperator USS Imperator with USS Leviathan. Imperator is on the left. As Berengaria | ||
| 1950 | Oceanic Independence (1974) Sea Luck I (1974–1975) Oceanic Independence (1975–1982) Independence (1982–2006) Oceanic (2006–2009) Platinum II (2009–2011) | Wrecked in 2010 off of Alang, India; scrapped on the spot | |||
| 1960 | Vasco de Gama (1986-1997) SeaWind Crown (1991–2003) Barcelona (2003–2004) | Scrapped near Guangzhou, China in 2004 | |||
| 1914 | Statendam (1914–1916) | Torpedoed and sunk in July, 1918 | |||
| 1902 | USS Kaiser Wilhelm II (1917) USS Agamemnon (1917–1927) USAT Monticello (1927–1940) | Scrapped in 1940 | |||
| 1950 | USS Kaiser Wilhelm II (1917) USS Agamemnon (1917–1927) USAT Monticello (1927–1940) | Scrapped at La Spezia, Italy in 1969 | |||
| RMS Kenya Castle | 1952 | SS Amerikanis (1967-2001) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2001 | ||
| 1922 | Aconcagua (1922–1935) | Torpedoed and sunk on February 12, 1944 | |||
| 1899 | Fernandino Palasciano (1915–1923) Italia (1923–1926) | Scrapped in 1926 - Italy | |||
| 1896 | Omar (1921–1924) Edison (1924–1935) | Scrapped in 1935 - Italy | |||
| 1915 | SS Czaritza (1915–1921) SS Lituania (1921–1930) SS ORP Gdynia (1939) SS Empire Helford (1946–1950) | Scrapped in 1950 | |||
| 1901 | USS Von Steuben (1917–1923) | Scrapped in 1923 | |||
| 1905 | HMS Princess (1915–) | Unknown | |||
| 1906 | Mount Vernon (1917–1940) | Scrapped in 1940 | |||
| 1928 | John Ericsson (1942–1947) Italia (1948–1964) Imperial Bahama (1964–1965) | Scrapped in Bilbao, Spain in 1965 | |||
| 1952 | Europa (1965–1981) Columbus C. (1981–1985) | Sank after striking a breakwater near Cadiz, Spain on July 29, 1984. Scrapped in Barcelona, Spain in 1985. | |||
| 1965 | Sea Princess (1979–1995) Victoria (1995–2002) Mona Lisa (2002–2007) Oceanic II (2007–2008) Mona Lisa (2008–2010) Veronica (2010–2016) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2016 | As Kungsholm As the Sea Princess As Mona Lisa As the Oceanic II/The Scholar Ship | ||
| 1885 | Alesia (1923) | Wrecked in 1923 | |||
| 1929 | Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1929–1963) | Caught fire and sank on December 29, 1963, while under tow to Gibraltar for salvaging. | |||
| 1920 | RMS Tyrrhenia (1920–1924) HMT Lancastria (1940) | Bombed by German aircraft, and sank on June 17, 1940 | |||
| 1952 | Empress Abeto (1970-1971) Malaysia Raya (1971-1976) | Caught fire at Port Klang, Malaysia on August 23, 1976. Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1977. | |||
| 1946 | Media (1946–1961) Flavia (1961–1982) Flavian (1983–1986) | Caught fire, and sank in Hong Kong on January 7, 1989; scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 5 months later | |||
| 1924 | HMS Letitia (1939–1944) HMHS Letitia (1944–1946) Empire Brent (1946–1952) Captain Cook (1952–1960) | Scrapped in 1960 | |||
| 1913 | Vaterland (1913–1917) | Scrapped in 1938 | As Vaterland As USS Leviathan, in her dazzle scheme As Leviathan | ||
| 1932 | RHMS Ellinis (1963–1987) | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1987 | As Lurline As Ellinis |
| Ship name | Year launched | Other names | Fate | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1924 | SS Leonardo da Vinci (1925–1943) SS Empire Clyde (1943–1947) RFA Empire Clyde (1947–1948) | Scrapped in 1954 | ||
| 1914 | SS Bismarck (1914–1920) HMS Caledonia (1937–1943) | Caught fire, and sank on September 29, 1939; scrapped in 1943 | ||
| 1926 | Matsonia (1937–1948) Atlantic (1948–1955) Queen Frederica (1955–1977) | Scrapped in 1977 at Eleusis, Greece, work completed in the 1980s. | ||
| 1903 | SS President Johnson (1928–1948) SS Santa Cruz (1948–1952) | Scrapped in 1952 at Savona, Italy | ||
| 1931 | USS Wakefield (1941–1964) | Scrapped in 1964 | ||
| 1931 | SS Homeric (1953–1974) | Scrapped in 1974 | ||
| 1968 | Hamburg (1968–1973) Hanseatic (1973–1974) Maksim Gorkiy (1974–1992) | Scrapped in 2009 | ||
| 1896 | SS Barbarossa (1896–1917) | Scrapped in 1924 | ||
| 1917 | Piemonte (1935–1949) | Scuttled in 1943 by Axis forces, wreck raised and scrapped in 1949 | ||
| 1892 | Maitai (1908–1910) | Ran Aground in Avarua, Rarotonga, on December 25, 1916. | ||
| 1903 | President Fillmore (1929–1940) Panamanian (1940–1946) | Scrapped in Shanghai, China in 1946 | ||
| 1922 | SS Rimutaka (1938–1950) SS Europa (1950–1951) SS Nassau (1951–1961) SS Acapulco (1961–1963) | Scrapped in 1964 | ||
| 1931 | Matsonia (1956–1963) Lurline (1963–1970) Britanis (1970–1998) Belofin-1 (1998–2000) | Sank in the Indian Ocean on October 21, 2000, while being towed to Alang, India for scrap | ||
| 1931 | Lydia (1955-1966) Le Lydia (1966-) | Beached as a tourist attraction in Le Barcarès, France | ||
| 1939 | Chūyō (1942–1943) | Torpedoed and sunk on December 4, 1943, by the | ||
| 1901 | Kungsholm (1923–1926) | Scrapped in 1927 | ||
| 1932 | USS Lafayette (1941–1946) | Caught fire and capsized in 1942; scrapped in 1946 | ||
| 1963 | StarShip Oceanic (1985–2000) Big Red Boat I (2000) Oceanic (2000-2012) | Scrapped at Zhoushan, China in 2012 | ||
| 1938 | Angelina Lauro (1965–1979) | Caught fire, and sank on September 24, 1979 | ||
| 1949 | MS Fulvia (1969–1970) | Caught fire, and sank in 1970 while being towed | ||
| 1939 | USAT Panama (1941) USAT James Parker (1941–1946) James Parker (AP-46) (1941) SS Panama (1946–1957) President Hoover (1957–1965) SS Regina (1965–1973) SS Regina Prima (1973–1985) | Scrapped at Aliağa, Turkey in 1985 | ||
| 1870 | Victoria (1892–1954) Straits No. 27 (1954–1956) Straits Maru (1956) | Scrapped at Osaka, Japan, in 1956 | ||
| 1947 | Remuera (1961–1965) Aramac (1965–1969) | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1969 | ||
| 1938 | Bremen (1957–1972) Regina Magna (1972–1977) Saudiphil I (1977–1980) Filipinas Saudi I (1980) | Sank in the Indian Ocean in 1980 while being towed to Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrap | ||
| 1957 | Ocean Queen (1976–1978) Sinbad I (1978–1980) | Scrapped at 1980 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan | ||
| 1896 | USS Nansemond (1919–1924) | Scrapped in 1924 | ||
| 1900 | SS Prinzess Irene (1900–1917) Bremen (1922–1928) SS Karlsruhe (1928–1932) | Scrapped in 1932 | ||
| 1900 | Stockholm (1915–1929) Solglimt (1929–1940) Sonderburg (1940–1944) | Scuttled in 1944 by German troops, fully scrapped by 1947 | ||
| 1899 | SS Hamburg (1899–1917) New Rochelle (1920–1921) Hudson (1921–1922) President Fillmore (1922–1928) | Scrapped in 1928 | ||
| 1920 | Golden State (1920–1921) Tasker H. Bliss (1941–1942) | Torpedoed and sunk on November 12, 1942 | ||
| 1921 | Peninsula State (1921–1922) President Pierce (1922) Joseph T. Dickman (1940–1948) | Scrapped in 1948 | ||
| 1936 | TS Empire Doon (1945–1949) TS Gunung Djati (1949–1973) MV Gunung Djati (1973–1980) KRI Tanjung (1980–1984) | Scrapped in 1987 | ||
| 1938 | RMMV Warwick Castle (1946–1962) | Scrapped in 1962 | ||
| 1947 | SS S.A. Oranje (1966–1975) | Scrapped at 1975 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan | ||
| 1900 | SS Kiautschou (1900–1904) SS Princess Alice (1904–1917) USS Princess Matoika (1918–1919) USAT Princess Matoika (1919) SS Princess Matoika (1921–1922) SS President Arthur (1922–1926) SS City of Honolulu (1926–1930) | Caught fire, and scrapped in 1934 | ||
| 1960 | Al Hasa (1976–1980) Fairsky (1980–1981) Vera (1981–1982) Marianna IX (1982–1984) Marianna 9 (1984–2001) Mariann 9 (2001) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2001 | ||
| 1907 | USS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm (1919) SS Empress of China (1921) RMS Empress of India (1921–1923) SS Montlaurier (1923–1925) SS Monteith (1925) SS Montnairn (1925–1929) | Scrapped in 1929 at Genoa |
| Ship name | Year launched | Other names | Fate | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 | Elizabeth (1968–1970) Seawise University (1970–1972) | Caught fire and sank in Hong Kong on January 9, 1972. Scrapped on site between 1974 and 1975. | |||
| 1953 | SS Olympia (1953–1981) SS Caribe (1981–1983) MS Caribe I (1983–1993) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2009. | The Regal Empress | ||
| 1903 | SS Columbus (1903) | Collided with the SS Florida, and sank on January 24, 1909 | RMS Republic | ||
| 1950 | Atlas (1972–1988) Pride of Mississippi (1988–1991) Pride of Galveston (1991–2003) | Sank in 2003 off of the Dominican Republic, whilst on the way to the scrapyard at Alang, India. | SS Ryndam in 1951 Atlas arriving in Miami, 1974 | ||
| 1879 | SS Rhyna (1906) | Scrapped in 1906 | SS Rhynland in 1890 | ||
| 1926 | SS Aquila (1939–1945) | Scuttled in Genoa on April 19, 1945, refloated and scrapped in La Spezia by 1952 | CV Aquila in La Spezia, 1951 | ||
| 1958 | Rembrandt (1997–2003) Rotterdam (2003-) | Preserved as a hotelship in Rotterdam | Rotterdam as she looks now The Big Red Boat III with Rembrandt. Rembrandt is on the right | ||
| 1950 | Oriental Rio (1968-1974) | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1974 | MV Ruahine | ||
| 1965 | Gripsholm (1996–1997) Saga Rose (1997–2009) | Scrapped at Jiangyin, China in 2010 | Sagafjord in Hamburg, 1969 Gripsholm in Southampton, 1996 Saga Rose in Warnemünde, 2009 | ||
| 1958 | Stella Polaris (1972–1978) Kuwait Marriott Hotel (1978–1989) Ramada al Salam Hotel (1989–1991) | Bombed in 1990 during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. Scrapped on site in 2002. | |||
| 1916 | USAT Santa Rosa (1917–1919) USS Santa Rosa (1919) SS Oregonian (1925–1942) | Torpedoed in 1942 | USS Santa Rosa in 1919 | ||
| 1932 | SS Athinai (1961–1989) | Scrapped in 1989 at Aliaga, Turkey | S.S. Santa Rosa, 1932 Athinai laid up in Eleusis, 1986 | ||
| 1954 | RMS Carmania (1962–1973) SS Leonid Sobinov (1973–1999) | Scrapped at 1999 at Alang, India | Franconia and Carmania Laid up in Southampton. Carmania is on the right. Leonid Sobinov in Istanbul, 1992 | ||
| 1904 | La Bourdonnais (1920–1934) | Scrapped in 1934 | |||
| 1934 | Shin'yō (1942–1944) | Sank in the Yellow Sea on November 17, 1944, by the United States Navy submarine | Scharnhorst in 1935 Scharnhorst after her conversion to Shin'yō | ||
| 1962 | Hanseatic (1967–1973) Doric (1973–1981) Royal Odyssey (1981–1988) Regent Sun (1988–1996) Sun Venture (1996–1998) Sun (1998) Sun 11 (1998–2001) | Sank outside Cape St. Francis on July 26, 2001, while on the way to the scrapyard at Alang, India. | Shalom in 1967 Hanseatic in Hamburg, 1973 Doric in Kiel | ||
| 1938 | Gruziya (1950–1975) | Scrapped at La Spezia, Italy in 1975 | HMS Sobieski in the River Clyde Gruziya in Helsinki | ||
| 1954 | Calypso (1973–1980) Calypso I (1980–1981) Azure Seas (1981–1992) OceanBreeze (1992–2003) | Scrapped at Chittagong, Bangladesh in 2003 | Southern Cross in the River Fal Azure Seas in Port Everglades, Florida 1991 OceanBreeze docked in Nassau, Bahamas, 2000 | ||
| 1956 | Rhapsody (1982–1986) Regent Star (1986–1996) Sea Harmony (1996–2004) Harmony I (2004) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2004 | As Haven in 1972 | ||
| TSS Stefan Batory | 1952 | Maasdam (1951–1968) Stefan (1990–2000) | Scrapped at Aliağa, Turkey in 2000 | Stefan Batory | |
| 1894 | USS Louisville (1918–1919) | Scrapped in 1924 at Genoa | SS St. Louis in 1900 | ||
| 1940 | MS Sabaudia (1941–1944) | Bombed by British aircraft, and sank on July 6, 1944. Scrapped in 1949 | Stockholm after her launch in 1940 | ||
| SS Stockholm (1946) | 1946 | Völkerfreundschaft (1960-1985) Volker (1985-1986) Fridtjof Nansen (1986-1993) Italia I (1993-1994) Italia Prima (1994-1998) Valtur Prima (1998-2002) Caribe (2002-2005) Athena (2005-2013) Azores (2013-2016) Astoria (2016-) | Laid up in Rotterdam | ||
| 1937 | Henrietta Latsi (1963-1966) Marianna Latsi (1966-1969) | Scrapped in La Spezia, Italy in 1969 | Stratheden in the Brisbane River | ||
| 1935 | Marianna Latsi (1963-1966) Henrietta Latsi (1966-1969) | Scrapped at La Spezia, Italy in 1969 | Strathmore in 1955 | ||
| 1956 | Fairwind (1968–1988) Sitmar Fairwind (1988) Dawn Princess (1988–1993) Albatros (1993–2003) Genoa (2003–2004) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2004 | Fairwind in Southampton, 1969 SS Albatros leaving Amsterdam, 2003 | ||
| 1904 | Port Kingston (1904-1911) | Sank from Propeller Shaft failure, August 17, 1930 | RMS Port Kingston in 1904 The Tahiti sinking, 17 August 1930 | ||
| 1957 | Santa Rosa (1958–1990) Diamond Island (1990–1992) Regent Rainbow (1992–1996) The Emerald (1996–2012) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2012 | The Emerald in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1999 | ||
| 1952 | Triton (1986) | Wrecked in Kaohsiung, Taiwan during Typhoon Wayne on August 22, 1986. Scrapped on site in 1992. | Uganda in Helsinki, early 1980s Uganda laid up in River Fal, 1985 | ||
| 1900 | Southland (1915–1917) | Torpedoed and sunk on June 4, 1917, by | HMT Southland after being hit by a torpedo, 1915 | ||
| 1951 | Pacifique (1967–1970) Princess Abeto (1970-1971) Malaysia Baru (1971–1972) Malaysia Kita (1972-1976) | Caught fire and sank in Singapore on May 12, 1974. Scrapped in 1976 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan | |||
| 1972 | Caronia (1999–2004) Saga Ruby (2004–2014) Oasia (2014–2017) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2017 | |||
| 1926 | Caribia (1965–1973) | Sank on March 15, 1973, whilst under tow to Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrap | Vulcania in 1948 | ||
| 1932 | USS Mount Vernon (1941–1946) | Scrapped in 1965 | SS Washington in New York USS Mount Vernon at sea | ||
| 1959 | Margarita L (1977–2004) Rita (2004-2005) | Scrapped at Alang, India in 2005 | Windsor Castle in 1960 | ||
| MV Yaohua | 1967 | Orient Princess (1987-) | Floating tourist attraction in Binhai, Tianjin, China | Orient Princess in Tianjin | |
| SS Yamuna | 1902 | RMS Slavonia (1903–1909) | Wrecked June 10, 1909 | The wrecked RMS Slavonia, June 10th, 1909 | |
| 1900 | SS Northland (1915–1919) SS Minnesota (1927–1930) | Scrapped at 1930 at Inverkeithing, Scotland | SS Zeeland Postcard featuring the S.S. Northland | ||
| 1911 | HMT Zealandic (1914–1918) SS Zealandic (1918–1926) SS Mamillius (1926–1936) SS Mamari III(1936-1939) HMS Fleet Tender C(1939-1941) | Struck a sunken wreck off Cromer on 3 June 1941 and then torpedoed by E-boat. | SS Zealandic in 1923 Mamari III, disguised as Hermes with a false flight deck and island |