List of longest tunnels explained

This list of longest tunnels ranks tunnels that are at least long. Only continuous tunnels are included. Pipelines, even those that are buried, are excluded. The longest tunnels have been constructed for water distribution, followed by tunnels for railways.__TOC__

World's longest tunnels (in use)

TypeNameLocationLengthYearComment
Water supplyDelaware Aqueduct New York State, United States1370003NaN319454.1 m in diameter (13.2 m2). New York City's main water supply tunnel.
Water supplyPäijänne Water Tunnel Southern Finland, Finland1200003NaN3198216 m2 cross section. Main water supply tunnel for southern Finland, including Helsinki, drilled through solid rock.
MetroSuzhou Rail Transit Line 3-11Suzhou, China865423NaN32019–2023Suzhou Rail Transit Line 11 and Line 3 are connected at Weiting station with through trains passing by. Longest metro tunnel
Water supplyDahuofang Water Tunnel Liaoning, China853203NaN320098 m in diameter[1] (50 m2 cross section)
Water supplyOrange–Fish River Tunnel South Africa828003NaN31972Longest continuous enclosed aqueduct in the Southern Hemisphere (22.5 m2 cross section). Built to divert water from the Orange River to the Great Fish River.
Water supplyBolmen Water Tunnel Kronoberg/Scania, Sweden820003NaN319878 m2 cross section
MetroChengdu Metro Line 6 Chengdu, China682233NaN32020Longest (independent single-line) metro/rapid transit tunnel
HydroelectricNeelum–Jhelum Hydropower Tunnel Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan680003NaN32017Part of the 969 MW Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Plant
WastewaterTunel Emisor Oriente Mexico City, Mexico625003NaN32019[2] 7 m in diameter. Longest wastewater tunnel.
MetroQingdao Metro Line 1 Qingdao, China598183NaN32020–2021Second longest metro/rapid transit tunnel
MetroGuangzhou Metro Line 18 Guangzhou, China583003NaN32021
MetroGuangzhou Metro Line 3 Guangzhou, China579303NaN3
(Excl. branch)
2005–2018
MetroMoscow Metro Bolshaya Koltsevaya line Moscow, Russia575383NaN3[3] [4]
(Excl. branch)
2018–2023[5] Longest metro/rapid transit circular line
Railway Twin TubeGotthard Base Tunnel Central Swiss Alps, Switzerland571043NaN3 and 570173NaN32016Longest conventional railway tunnel. It is also the world's longest transit tunnel by geodetic distance; 55.782km (34.661miles) between the two portals. Total 151.84km (94.35miles) of broken out tunnels through solid rocks.[6] [7] Part of the NRLA.
MetroBeijing Subway Line 10 Beijing, China571003NaN32008–2013
Railway Single TubeSeikan Tunnel Tsugaru Strait, Japan538503NaN3198874 m2; longest railway tunnel until 2016. Longest tunnel with an undersea section, running between Honshu and Hokkaido. Undersea section measures 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi).
MetroBeijing Subway Line 6 Beijing, China534003NaN32012–2018
Water supplyŽelivka Water Tunnel[8] Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic519703NaN319729–12 m2
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 5

Seoul, South Korea517003NaN3
(longest branch)
1995–2021Longest metro/rapid transit tunnel until Guangzhou Metro Line 3 extension opened in 2010, crosses west to east under the Seoul Capital Area.
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M11) Istanbul, Turkey515003NaN32023-2024Longest tunnel in Turkey
Dewatering AditRothschönberger Stolln[9] Freiberg Mining Field, Germany509003NaN31844–18826 m2 cross section, longest tunnel until 1945. Part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Railway Twin TubeChannel Tunnel English Channel, United Kingdom/France504503NaN31994Second longest railway tunnel until 2016. Longest underwater section, longest international tunnel (2×45 m2 + 1×18 m2), running between Folkestone, Kent, and Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais.
Railway Single TubeYulhyeon Tunnel Seoul Capital Area, South Korea503003NaN3[10] 2016[11] 107 m2, part of the Suseo high-speed railway.
Water supplyRiver Arpa – Lake Sevan tunnel[12] [13] Armenia (at the time of construction Soviet Union)483583NaN3[14] 1981Longest tunnel built to restore ecological balance. Transfers water from the Arpa to Lake Sevan to recover its level.[15]
Water supplyPahang – Selangor Raw Water Transfer Project[16] [17] Pahang & Selangor, Malaysia446003NaN320145.2 m in diameter
MetroWuhan Metro Line 2 Wuhan, China443473NaN32012–2019
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 7

Shanghai, China442003NaN32009–2010
Water supply
  1. 1 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi North Line
Shanxi, China436703NaN32011See South–North Water Transfer Project
Water supply
  1. 7 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line
Shanxi, China435003NaN32002See South–North Water Transfer Project
MetroBeijing Subway Line 8 Beijing, China426003NaN32012–2021
MetroShanghai Metro Line 15 Shanghai, China423003NaN32021
MetroChengdu Metro Line 5 Chengdu, China423003NaN32019
MetroBeijing Subway Line 14 Beijing, China420003NaN32015–2021
MetroTianjin Metro Line 6 Tianjin, China420003NaN32016–2021
MetroDowntown line MRT, Singapore419003NaN3[18] [19] 2013–2017Longest rapid transit line in South East Asia
MetroNanjing Metro Line 3 Nanjing, China415673NaN32011–2015From Xinghuolu station to Mozhoudonglu station.
MetroSuzhou Rail Transit

Line 4

Suzhou, China415003NaN32017
MetroSerpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (AltufyevoBulvar Dmitriya Donskogo) Moscow Metro, Russia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)414703NaN31983–2002
MetroMadrid Metro

Line 12 (MetroSur)

Madrid, Spain409003NaN31999–2003
MetroTocho-maeShiodomeHikarigaoka (Toei Oedo Line) Tokyo, Japan407003NaN31991–2000Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
HydroelectricKárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant Fljótsdalshreppur, Iceland397003NaN32003–20077.2–7.6 meters in diameter (45 m2 cross section). Part of a wider complex of tunnels that are 72 kilometers in length combined.
Water supplyQuabbin Aqueduct Massachusetts, United States396003NaN31933
MetroChengdu Metro Line 4 Chengdu, China393003NaN32015–2017
MetroChengdu Metro Line 7 Chengdu, China386003NaN32017
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 3 (ApgujeongOgeum)

Seoul, South Korea382003NaN31985–2010
MetroKaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (NovoyasenevskayaMedvedkovo) Moscow Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union)378003NaN31958–1990Longest railway tunnel 1978–1984 and from November 1987 till March 1988; longest metro/rapid transit tunnel 1990–1995
MetroShenzhen Subway

Luobao Line

Shenzhen, China374973NaN32009–2011
MetroChengdu Metro Line 1 Chengdu, China374703NaN3
(Excl. branch)
2010–2018
Water supplyHarold D. Roberts Tunnel[20] Colorado, United States374643NaN31962Diverts water from the Colorado River watershed to the South Platte River watershed for use in the Denver metropolitan area. Flows across Continental Divide. 4,465 feet (1,361 m) below the surface at its deepest point.
MetroShenzhen Subway

Shekou Line

Shenzhen, China361463NaN32010–2011
Water supplyDawushan Tunnel, Niulan River Diversion to Dianchi Yunnan, China361373NaN32013
MetroCircle line MRT, Singapore357003NaN32009–2012
MetroBusan Metro

Line 2 (Dongwon–Jangsan)

Busan, South Korea355003NaN31999–2009
RailwaySongshan Lake Tunnel[21] Dongguan, China353913NaN32016Dongguan–Huizhou intercity railway, longest railway tunnel in China
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 6

Seoul, South Korea351003NaN32001
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 7 (CheongdamBupyeong-gu Office)

Seoul, Incheon, Bucheon and Gwangmyeong in South Korea351003NaN32000–2012
MetroTianjin Metro

Line 5

Tianjin, China348003NaN32018–2021
Railway Single TrackLötschberg Base Tunnel Bernese Alps, Switzerland345773NaN32007Longest land railway tunnel until Gotthard Base Tunnel was opened; two single track tubes along 12 km, only single track along 22 km. Part of the NRLA.
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M4) Istanbul, Turkey340503NaN32012
Water supplyTyne-Tees Tunnel England, United Kingdom340003NaN31983 (and earlier)Northumbrian water supply tunnel.
MetroGuangzhou Metro

Line 8

Guangzhou, China339003NaN32010–2020
MetroLyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line (ZyablikovoSeligerskaya) Moscow Metro, Russia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)334003NaN31995–2018
MetroMadrid Metro

Line 7

Madrid, Spain329193NaN31974–2007
Railway Twin TubeNew Guanjiao Tunnel Qinghai, China326453NaN32014[22] Longest tunnel on the upgraded dual-track XiningGolmud section of Qinghai–Tibet Railway, longest railway tunnel in China until 2016, 3323.58–3380.97 meters above sea level
MetroMeijo Line – Meikō Line Nagoya Municipal Subway, Japan324003NaN31965–2004
MetroGuangzhou Metro

Line 2

Guangzhou, China320003NaN32010
MetroRathaus SpandauRudow (U7) Berlin U-Bahn, Germany318003NaN31924–1984
Water supplyGerede Water Transmission Tunnel[23] Ankara, Turkey315923NaN32019[24] 5.2 m in diameter
MetroSeoul Subway

Bundang Line (Seoul ForestJukjeon)

Seoul, Seongnam and Yongin in South Korea314003NaN31994–2012
MetroDaegu Metro

Line 2

Daegu and Gyeongsan in South Korea314003NaN32005–2012
WastewaterMilwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District Deep Tunnel Phase 1 Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States312213NaN31993405 million gallons of combined sewage storage designed to prevent sewage overflow into Lake Michigan. The largest of three phases, totalling 521 million gallons of storage.[25]
MetroBeijing Subway

Line 1

Beijing, China310403NaN31971–2000
MetroBucharest Metro

Line M1

Bucharest, Romania310103NaN31979–19928,670 m, shared with M3 line. Nether less one continuous tunnel.
MetroCôte-VertuMontmorency (Line 2 Orange) Montreal Metro, Canada307983NaN31966–2007
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 2

Shanghai, China301873NaN32000
MetroParnasKupchino (line 2) Saint Petersburg Metro, Russia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)301003NaN31961–2006
MetroGuangzhou Metro

Line 5

Guangzhou, China299003NaN32009
Water supplyShandaken Tunnel Catskill Mountains, New York, United States297803NaN31924
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 8

Shanghai, China296503NaN32007–2009
MetroProspekt VeteranovDevyatkino (line 1) Saint Petersburg Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union)296003NaN31955–1978
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 10

Shanghai, China296003NaN32010
Water supplyEvinos – Mornos Tunnel[26] [27] Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece294003NaN31995
MetroChengdu Metro Line 2 Chengdu, China290003NaN32012–2013Only includes phases 1 and 2
Water supplyHultman Aqueduct[28] Eastern Massachusetts, United States286403NaN3193911.51NaN1 to 141NaN1 diameter (15m2 cross section); offline for rehabilitation
MetroSydney Metro Northwest Sydney, New South Wales, Australia285003NaN32019The line incorporates the existing 13 km Epping to Chatswood rail link. It forms part of the wider Sydney Metro project.
Railway Twin TubeGuadarrama Tunnel[29] Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain283773NaN32007
Water supplyMetroWest Water Supply Tunnel[30] Eastern Massachusetts, United States283003NaN32003141NaN1 diameter (15m2 cross section)
Railway Twin TubeWest Qinling Tunnel Gansu, China282363NaN32016Chongqing–Lanzhou railway
MetroTaipei Metro

Blue Line

Taipei, Taiwan282003NaN31999–2015
MetroBeijing Subway

Line 4

Beijing, China281653NaN32009–2010
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 9 (Gimpo AirportSports Complex)

Seoul, South Korea281003NaN32009–2015
Railway Single TubeTaihang Tunnel[31] Taihang Mountains, China278483NaN32007On ShijiazhuangTaiyuan high-speed railway
MetroMordenEast Finchley (Northern line) London Underground, England, United Kingdom278003NaN31890–1940Longest railway tunnel in UK
MetroShenyang Subway

Line 1

Shenyang, China278003NaN32010
Water supplyMelamchi Water Tunnel Melamchi to Kathmandu, Nepal270003NaN32021[32] See Melamchi Water Supply Project
MetroSeoul Subway

Incheon Line 1 (BakchonInternational Business District)

Incheon, South Korea270003NaN31999–2009
MetroDainichiNagahara (Tanimachi Line) Osaka Metro, Japan269003NaN31967–1983
Particle acceleratorLEP Tunnel[33] CERN, Switzerland/France266593NaN31988 (breakthrough) 11.3–15.9 m2 circular ring, now used by Large Hadron Collider
Railway Single TubeHakkōda Tunnel (Tōhoku Shinkansen) Hakkōda Mountains, Japan264553NaN3201064–74 m2
Water supplyŞanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels Turkey264003NaN32005[34]
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 9

Shanghai, China262633NaN32007–2010
HydroelectricGilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel Ethiopia260003NaN32005–2009Tunnel partially collapsed, was repaired in 2010.[35] [36]
Water supply
  1. 5 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line
Shanxi, China260003NaN32002See South–North Water Transfer Project
MetroDaegu Metro

Line 1

Daegu, South Korea259003NaN31997–2002
MetroMRT Blue Line Bangkok, Thailand258003NaN32004Second phase will be open in April 2019
Railway Single TubeIwate-Ichinohe Tunnel Ōu Mountains, Japan258103NaN32002Part of the Tōhoku Shinkansen
Water supplySudbury Aqueduct Eastern Massachusetts, United States257503NaN31878Emergency backup use
MetroSuzhou Rail Transit

Line 1

Suzhou, China257393NaN32007–2011
MetroLine 3 (Athens Metro) Athens, Greece252003NaN31992–2022Line 3 is actually 46.5 km long, but only 25.2 km of it are underground.
MetroHelsinki metro (Kivenlahti–Sörnäinen)Espoo and Helsinki, Finland252003NaN31982–2022
MetroTaipei Metro

Orange Line (Huilong – Nanshijiao)

Taipei, Taiwan251003NaN3
(Excl. branch)
1998–2013
Railway Twin TubeMusil Tunnel[37] [38] WonjuJecheon (Jungang Line), South Korea250803NaN32021[39]
Railway Twin TubePajares Base Tunnel Asturias/León, Spain246673NaN32023
RoadLærdal Tunnel LærdalAurland, Norway245103NaN32000The longest road tunnel in the world
MetroYellow Line (Delhi Metro)

GTB NagarQutub Minar[40]

Delhi, India240003NaN32004–2010Longest tunnel in India
MetroMadrid Metro

Line 1

Madrid, Spain238763NaN31919–2007
RailwayLainzer/Wienerwaldtunnel west of Vienna, Austria238443NaN32012Breakthrough 2007
Wastewater Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 1[41] Hong Kong, China (construction started in British Hong Kong) 236003NaN3 2001
Water supplyEucumbene-Snowy Tunnel[42] New South Wales, Australia235003NaN31965Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
RailwaySouth Lüliangshan Tunnel[43] Shanxi, China234733NaN32014[44] 2 tubes, part of Shanxi–Henan–Shandong railway
MetroMadrid Metro

Line 6

Madrid, Spain234723NaN31979–2007
MetroAngrignonHonoré-Beaugrand (Line 1 Green) Montreal Metro, Canada232623NaN31966–2007
MetroWarsaw Metro Line 1

KabatyMłociny

Warsaw, Poland231003NaN31983–2008
MetroBeijing Subway

Line 2

Beijing, China231003NaN31969–1987
HydroelectricXinma Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Sichuan, China229753NaN32009
RailwayIiyama Tunnel[45] Iiyama, Japan222253NaN32015Part of the Hokuriku Shinkansen
RailwayDaishimizu Tunnel Mount Tanigawa, Japan222213NaN31982Longest railway tunnel until Seikan Tunnel was opened.
Water supplyEucumbene-Tumut Tunnel New South Wales, Australia222003NaN31959Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
RoadWestConnex Sydney, New South Wales, Australia218003NaN32023
(2019–2020 partial completion)
New M4 Tunnels opened 2019, WestConnex M8 opened 2020
RailwayDaegwallyeong Tunnel PyeongchangGangneung (Gyeonggang Line), South Korea217553NaN32017[46]
Water supplyVorotanArpa Tunnel[47] Armenia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)216523NaN32004
Particle accelerator (incomplete)UNK proton accelerator Protvino, Russia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)210003NaN31994 (breakthrough)Construction stopped after finishing of main circle tunnel, future is unclear
MetroGuangfo Metro Foshan, China209003NaN32010
Railway Twin TubeLuliangshan Tunnel Shanxi, China207853NaN320112 tubes: left tube is 20785 meters, right tube is 20738 meters
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 4

Shanghai, China207403NaN32005–2007
MetroBarcelona Metro

Line 1

Barcelona, Spain207003NaN31926–1992
HydroelectricWard Tunnel California, United States206103NaN31920–1925Part of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project of the Southern California Edison Company. Excavated through solid granite.
MetroBusan Metro

Line 1 (Hadan-Busan Nat'l Univ. of Education)

Busan, South Korea206003NaN31985–1994
MetroXian Subway

Line 2

Xi'an, China205003NaN32011
MetroDaejeon Metro

Line 1

Daejeon, South Korea204703NaN32006–2007
MetroNanjing Metro Line 2 Nanjing, China203803NaN32010
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 6

Shanghai, China203363NaN32007
RailwayGeumjeong Tunnel[48] Busan, South Korea203233NaN32010Gyeongbu high-speed railway
Railway Twin TubeWushaoling Tunnel Wuwei, China200603NaN32006–20072 tubes: left tube is 20060 meters, right tube is 20050 meters
Water supplyOlmos Transandino Project Guabal, Peru200003NaN32011[49]
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M5) Istanbul, Turkey200003NaN32017–2018M5 line (Üsküdar-Çekmeköy) is 20 km with depot line. Line is 30.9 km with Çekmeköy-Sultanbeyli Phase.
Electric power transmission tunnelThe London Connection[50] London, England, United Kingdom200003NaN32005[51] National Grid plc, 3-metre diameter, 400 kilovolt circuit
Railway Twin TubeSimplon Tunnel Lepontine Alps, Switzerland/Italy198033NaN31906Parallel tunnel was opened in 1922 (19,824 m long); longest transit tunnel until Daishimizu Tunnel was opened. Part of the NRLA.
Hydroelectric Tunnel Colcabamba, Peru198003NaN31973[52]
RailwayShin Hokuriku Tunnel Fukui Prefecture, Japan197603NaN32024Part of the Hokuriku Shinkansen
RailwayFollo Line Oslo, Norway195003NaN32022[53] [54] Groundbreaking 2014[55]
MetroKoltsevaya Line (Circle Line) Moscow Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union)194003NaN31950–1954
HydroelectricFutang Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Sichuan, China193193NaN32004[56]
MetroSeoul Subway

Bundang Line (Suwon stationJukjeon station)

Yongin and Suwon in South Korea193003NaN32007–2013
Railway Single TubeQamchiq Tunnel[57] Angren–Pap railway, Uzbekistan192003NaN32016Longest non-metro railway tunnel in ex-USSR
MetroNorth East line MRT, Singapore192003NaN32003–2011World's first fully automated and driverless underground rapid transit line
MetroSuzhou Rail Transit

Line 2

Suzhou, China191463NaN32009–2012
MetroMaskoŭskaja Line Minsk Metro, Belarus (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)191003NaN31984–2014
Railway Single TrackVereina Silvretta, Switzerland190583NaN31999Single track with passing loops, metre gauge
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 4 (SsangmunIchon)

Seoul, South Korea190003NaN31980
Wastewater Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2[58] Hong Kong, China188003NaN3 2015
RailwayShin-Kanmon Tunnel Kanmon Straits, Japan187133NaN31975Part of the San'yō Shinkansen
HydroelectricShiziping Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Sichuan, China187123NaN32010[59]
Railway Single TubeVaglia BolognaFirenze, Italy187113NaN32009Bologna–Florence high-speed railway
HydroelectricBaoxing Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Sichuan, China186763NaN32007
Railway Single TubeApennine Base Tunnel Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, Italy185073NaN31934
MetroObolonsko–Teremkivska line Kyiv Metro, Ukraine (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)184803NaN31976–2013
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M3) Istanbul, Turkey184603NaN32013-2022
Railway Twin TubeQinling Tunnel I-II Qin Mountains, China184603NaN320002 tubes: left tube is 18460 meters, right tube is 18456 meters[60]
HydroelectricTatev Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Armenia (at the time of construction Soviet Union)184003NaN31970
Road Twin TubeYamate Tunnel Tokyo, Japan182003NaN32015
RailwaySouth Taihangshan Tunnel Shanxi, China181253NaN32014[61] 2 tubes, part of Shanxi–Henan–Shandong railway
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 1

Shanghai, China181103NaN31995
MetroAvtozavodskaya Line Minsk Metro, Belarus (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)181003NaN31990–2005
Road Twin TubeZhongnanshan Tunnel Shaanxi, China180403NaN32007The longest road tunnel in China
MetroLine 2 (Athens Metro)[62] Athens, Greece179003NaN31991–2013
MetroBeijing Subway

Line 5

Beijing, China178253NaN32007
HydroelectricShuakhevi headrace and pressure tunnel Shuakhevi, Adjara, Georgia178003NaN3[63] 2013–2017
MetroAnkara Metro (AKM-Koru) Ankara, Turkey196603NaN31997–2014M1 line is tunnel in Kızılay between AKM, M2 line is completely underground.
RoadJingpingshan Sichuan, China175003NaN32008The deepest transportation tunnel in China
MetroShenzhen Subway

Longgang Line

Shenzhen, China173333NaN32010–2011
MetroKholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line Kharkiv Metro, Ukraine (at the time of construction Soviet Union)173003NaN31975–1978
MetroSeoul Subway

Shinbundang Line

Seoul and Seongnam in South Korea173003NaN32011
Water supplyMavi Tünel (Blue Tunnel)[64] Konya, Turkey170343NaN32012Breakthrough 2007
RoadGotthard Road Tunnel Lepontine Alps, Switzerland169183NaN31980
MetroGuangzhou Metro

Line 4

Guangzhou, China167903NaN32005
Metroİzmir Metro Line M1 İzmir, Turkey167503NaN32000–2023
MetroBarcelona Metro

Line 4

Barcelona, Spain167003NaN31929–1999
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 2 (JamsilSillim)

Seoul, South Korea167003NaN31980–1984
MetroBarcelona Metro

Line 3

Barcelona, Spain166003NaN31924–2001
MetroBarcelona Metro

Line 5

Barcelona, Spain166003NaN31959–1983
Water supplyMurrumbidgee-Eucumbene Tunnel New South Wales, Australia166003NaN31961Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M2) Istanbul, Turkey165003NaN32000–2009
MetroBeijing Subway

Line 9

Beijing, China165003NaN32011–2012
HydroelectricJinkang Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Sichuan, China164903NaN32006
MetroMadrid Metro

Line 8

Madrid, Spain164673NaN31998–2007
MetroGuangzhou Metro

Line 1

Guangzhou, China164493NaN31997
MetroMadrid Metro

Line 3

Madrid, Spain164243NaN31939–2007
RailwayRokkō Tunnel[65] Mount Rokkō, Japan162503NaN31972Part of the San'yō Shinkansen
RailwaySolan Tunnel[66] Taebaek, Gangwon-do, South Korea162403NaN32012Taebaek Line, includes a spiral
Hydroelectric Twin TubeKemano T1 and T2[67] Kemano, Canada160003NaN31954; 2022T1 was completed in 1954 and T2 was completed in May, 2022,[68] both are in operation.
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 7 (SuraksanKonkuk University)

Seoul, South Korea160003NaN31996
Railway Tyrol, Austria159903NaN32012
RailwayXiangshan Tunnel 象山隧道 Fujian, China159173NaN320122 tubes, part of Longyan–Xiamen Railway
Railway Tyrol, Austria158403NaN32012
Former railwayHenderson Tunnel[69] [70] Front Range, United States158003NaN31976Narrow gauge railway, replaced by a conveyor belt in 1999. Only one portal (served an underground mine)[71]
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M9) Istanbul, Turkey158003NaN32013–2024
Water supplyPandaoling Tunnel, Datong River Diversion to Shaanxi Project Shaanxi, China157233NaN31994
MetroCopenhagen Metro

City Circle Line

Denmark155003NaN32019Longest railway tunnel in Denmark and Scandinavia
MetroBudapest Metro: Line 3[72] Hungary155003NaN31976–1990Line 3 is actually 17.39 km long, but only 15.5 km of it is underground.
Railway Single TrackFurka Base Urner Alps, Switzerland154423NaN31982Single track with passing loops, metre gauge
Railway Twin TubeCeneri Base Tunnel Lepontine Alps, Switzerland154003NaN32020Part of the NRLA
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 3 (GupabalGeumho)

Seoul, South Korea154003NaN31985
MetroTianjin Subway

Line 1

Tianjin, China153783NaN31976–2006
RailwayHaruna Tunnel Gunma Prefecture, Japan153503NaN31982Part of the Jōetsu Shinkansen
Railway Single TrackSeveromuysky Tunnel Severomuysky Range, Russia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union)153433NaN32003
WastewaterDeer Island Outfall Tunnel[73] Deer Island, Boston, Massachusetts, United States152903NaN32000241NaN1 diameter (42m2 cross section); discharges treated effluent into Atlantic Ocean
Railway Single TubeFirenzuola BolognaFirenze, Italy152853NaN32009Bologna–Florence high-speed railway
HydroelectricInguri Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Georgia (at the time of construction Soviet Union)152793NaN31978
MetroShanghai Subway

Line 2

Shanghai, China152743NaN32000Between Zhanjianggaoke station and Lingkong Station
Water supplyJinquidi Tunnel, Niulan River Diversion to Dianchi Yunnan, China152573NaN32013
HydroelectricBaotan Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Guangxi, China152003NaN32010
RailwayGorigamine Tunnel Nagano Prefecture, Japan151753NaN31997Part of the Hokuriku Shinkansen
HydroelectricXuecheng Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel[74] Sichuan, China151743NaN32007
Railway Single TrackMonte Santomarco PaolaCosenza, Italy150403NaN31987
Railway Single TubeGotthard Rail Tunnel Lepontine Alps, Switzerland150033NaN31882Longest transit tunnel until Simplon Tunnel was opened.
MetroGwangju Metro

Line 1 (Sotae stationDosan station)

Gwangju, South Korea150003NaN32004
RailwayNakayama Tunnel Gunma Prefecture, Japan148573NaN31982Part of the Jōetsu Shinkansen
Water supplyDangara Irrigation Tunnel[75] Nurek, Tajikistan (at the time of construction Soviet Union)148003NaN31987
RailwayCuajone-El Sargento Ilo-Toquepala / Cuajone Industrial Railroad – Southern Peru Copper Corporation, Peru147243NaN3[76] 1975
Railway Single TubeMount Macdonald Tunnel Rogers Pass, Glacier National Park, Canada147233NaN31989
Railway (Maglev)Misaka Sasago Tunnel Yamanashi, Japan146133NaN31996Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev). Already used as Yamanashi Test Track since 1996.
Railway Single TubeLötschberg Tunnel Bernese Alps, Switzerland146123NaN31913
Water supplyCaoe River Diversion Project Zhejiang, China146003NaN32011
Railway Single TubeRomerike Tunnel OsloLillestrøm, Norway145803NaN31999
RailwayFajiushan Tunnel[77] Shanxi, China145733NaN32014Part of Shanxi–Henan–Shandong railway.
Water supplySnowy-Geehi Tunnel New South Wales, Australia145003NaN31966Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
MetroSeoul Subway

Line 4 (IsuBeomgye)

Seoul, Gwacheon and Anyang in South Korea145003NaN31980–1994
Road Zigana Tunnel TorulMaçka, Turkey144813NaN3[78] 2023[79] Longest road tunnel in Turkey
HydroelectricJisha Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Yunnan, China144673NaN32007
Road Twin tubeRyfylke Tunnel StavangerStrand, Norway144003NaN32019Longest underwater road tunnel in the world
Water supply
  1. 6 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line
Shanxi, China144003NaN32002See South–North Water Transfer Project
Water supplyAla Mountain Pass Water Supply Project Xinjiang, China143463NaN32010
Road Twin TubeOvit Tunnel[80] Erzurum ProvinceRize Province, Turkey143463NaN32018
MetroStockholm Metro: Tunnelbana 3 (Blue Line) KungsträdgårdenHjulsta Stockholm, Sweden143003NaN31975–1977
Railway Single TubeDayaoshan Tunnel[81] Nanling Mountains, China142943NaN31987
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M8) Istanbul, Turkey142703NaN32023[82]
HydroelectricZaramag Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel[83] [84] Ardon River, North Ossetia, Russia142263NaN32015[85]
Water supplyTooma-Tumut Tunnel New South Wales, Australia142003NaN31961Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
MetroMetro Lisbon – Blue (Seagull) Line Lisbon, Portugal140003NaN31959–2007
MetroMTR – Island line (West of Heng Fa Chuen) Hong Kong, China (construction started at the time of British Hong Kong)140003NaN31985–2014
RoadArlberg Road Tunnel Arlberg, Austria139723NaN31978
Water supplyShanggongshan Tunnel, Zhangjiuhe Water Supply Project Yunnan, China139413NaN32007
HydroelectricDayingshan #4 Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Yunnan, China139323NaN320098.5 m in diameter (57m2 cross section)
RailwayHokuriku Tunnel Fukui Prefecture, Japan138703NaN31962Part of the Hokuriku Main Line
Railway Single TubeXiapu Tunnel Fujian, China138383NaN32009
Railway Twin TubeYesanguan Tunnel Hubei, China138383NaN32010Tube I: 13838 meters, tube II: 13796 meters
HydroelectricCentrala Hidroelectrică Lotru-Ciunget Ciungetu, Romania137193NaN319725 m in diameter
Railway Single TubeFréjus (Mont Cenis) Alps, France/Italy (construction started in the Kingdom of Sardinia)136573NaN31871Longest transit tunnel until Gotthard Tunnel was opened.
Road Twin TubeXishan Tunnel Shanxi, China136543NaN32012Left tube: 13654 meters, right tube: 13570 meters
Railway Single TubeNorth Tianshan Tunnel Xinjiang, China136103NaN32009
RailwayMarmaray Istanbul, Turkey136003NaN32013Built next to a fault zone, between two continents
Railway Single TrackSavio Rail Tunnel HelsinkiKerava, Finland135753NaN32008
MetroBusan Metro

Line 3 (SuyeongDeokcheon)

Busan, South Korea135003NaN32005
Railway Twin TubeShin Shimizu Tunnel Mount Tanigawa, Japan135003NaN31967Part of the Jōetsu Line
RoadMount Erlang Tunnel Sichuan, China134333NaN32018Erlangshan extra-long tunnel part of Yakang Expressway
Railway Single TrackHex River Tunnel[86] Hex River Pass, South Africa134003NaN31989
RailwayWonhyo Tunnel[87] [88] Ulsan, South Korea132703NaN32010Gyeongbu high-speed railway
Railway Single TubeDabieshan Tunnel Hubei, China132563NaN32008
RailwaySchlern Tunnel[89] South Tyrol, Italy131593NaN31993
Railway Single TubeCaponero-Capoverde GenovaVentimiglia, Italy131353NaN32001Includes an underground station ("San Remo")
Road Twin TubeHongtiguan Tunnel Shanxi, China131223NaN32013Left tube: 13122 meters, right tube: 13098 meters
MetroBarcelona Metro line 2 Barcelona, Spain131003NaN31985–1997
RailwayAki Tunnel Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan130303NaN31975Part of the San'yō Shinkansen
Many more tunnels exist that are shorter than 13000m (43,000feet)<-- Please do not add shorter tunnels, limit is 13 km or 8 miles
Road Twin TubeGuigala Tunnel Tibet, China127803NaN32023[90] Construction started in January 2017. It bypasses Guigala Pass between Lhasa and Shannan and is situated on a plateau with an average altitude of more than 4,300 meters. Once completed, it will become the longest road tunnel in the world at an altitude of over 4000m.
Possibly incomplete table. Many more tunnels are under construction that will be shorter than 13km (08miles)--><-- Please do not add shorter tunnels, limit is 13 km or 8 miles -->

World's longest tunnels (under construction)

TypeNameLocationLengthYearComment
Water SupplyKashuang Water Tunnel Xinjiang, China2800003NaN3(??)Water transfer from the snow melt of Altai Mountains to the arid region of Xinjiang[91]
Water SupplyNew York City Water Tunnel No. 3 New York State, United States965603NaN32026[92] More water supply for New York City. Partially in use.
MetroParis Métro Line 15 Paris/Île-de-France, France750003NaN32025–2030Circular line
Railway Twin TubeMont d'Ambin Base Tunnel Cottian Alps, France/Italy575003NaN32032[93] Part of the Lyon–Turin high-speed railway. Reconnaissance tunnels under construction since 2002; construction of main tunnel started in 2016.[94]
Railway Twin TubeBrenner Base Tunnel Stubai Alps, Austria/Italy550003NaN32032[95] Construction started in March 2015. Together with the already constructed Inntal Tunnel it will form the world's longest continuous railway tunnel with 64 km.[96] [97]
MetroThomson–East Coast Line MRT, Singapore430003NaN32024Excluding planned extension
RailwayYigong tunnel Tibet, China425003NaN3[98] 2030Part of the Sichuan–Tibet railway. Construction started in November 2020.[99]
MetroAthens Metro Line 4 Athens, Greece382003NaN3[100] 2029Construction of 1st phase started in June 2021,[101] total length may be changed.
RailwaySejila tunnel Tibet, China379003NaN3[102] 2030Part of the Sichuan–Tibet railway. Construction started in November 2020.[103]
Railway (Maglev)Daiichi Shutoken Tunnel Tokyo, Japan369243NaN3After 2027Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev)
Mineral transportationWoodsmith Mine Tunnel Potash Project Mineral Transport System (MTS) North York Moors, United Kingdom367003NaN3[104] (??)[105] 6 m in diameter[106] incorporating conveyor and maintenance access. Start of construction was planned for 2016, but actually started in April 2019.[107] [108]
RailwayGaoligongshan Tunnel Yunnan, China345383NaN32025[109] Railway between Dali and Ruili. Construction started in August 2017.[110]
Railway (Maglev)Daiichi Chukyoken Tunnel Nagoya, Japan342103NaN3After 2027Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev)
MetroL9 Barcelona, Spain330003NaN3(??)
(2009–2016 partial completion)
Excluding branches. Northern section of the line is in operation since 2009-12-13. Southern section of the line is in operation since 2016-02-12. Future of central section is unclear.
Railway Twin TubeKoralm Tunnel Koralpe, Austria329003NaN32026[111] Part of the Koralm Railway; boring of main tunnel started at the west portal in May 2010.[112]
RailwayOshima Tunnel Hokkaido, Japan326753NaN32031Part of the Hokkaido Shinkansen.
MetroCross Island Line MRT, Singapore29000m (95,000feet)[113] (Phase 1 only)2030 (Phase 1)
2032 (Phase 2)
Construction of Phase 1 started in January 2023[114]
Water SupplyNCP Canal Main Tunnel Anuradhapura East, Sri Lanka278003NaN32025Part of North Central Province Canal under Mahaweli Development programme. Low slope tunnel with gravity flow, 8m in diameter. Supplies water from Moragahakanda Reservoir to North Central and Northern Provinces.[115]
Railway Twin TubeValico Tunnel Ligurian Apennines, Italy273423NaN3[116] 2026Breakthrough in September 2020.[117] Part of the Tortona–Genoa high-speed railway.
Railway Twin TubeSemmering Base Tunnel Lower Austria/Styria, Austria273003NaN32030[118] Construction of the first contract section started in January 2014.[119] Will cut travel time between Vienna and Graz by 30 minutes and is part of the Baltic–Adriatic Corridor
Road Rogfast tunnel RandabergBokn, Norway267003NaN32033[120] Construction started in January 2018, halted October 2019 due to expected cost overruns, revised plan and 48% cost increase approved November 2020; construction restarted late 2021.[121] Will be the longest road tunnel in the world, and also the deepest undersea tunnel, 392m (1,286feet) below sea level. It will also have a 41003NaN3 connection tunnel from Kvitsøy to the main tunnel.
RailwaySasson Tunnel Hokkaido, Japan262303NaN32031Part of the Hokkaido Shinkansen.
MetroSuburban Rail Loop East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia26000m (85,000feet)2035[122] Construction started in June 2022.[123] SRL North is still under early planning, projected to be completed by 2053.
Water SupplyMae Taeng–Mae Ngat Tunnel[124] Chiang Mai, Thailand256243NaN3(??)[125] 4 m in diameter. This tunnel is a part of "Mae Taeng–Mae Ngat–Mae Kuang Diversion Tunnel Project"
Railway (Maglev)Minami Alps Tunnel Akaishi Mountains, Japan250193NaN3After 2027Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev)
Railway (Maglev)Chuo Alps Tunnel Kiso Mountains, Japan232883NaN3After 2027Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev)
MetroMetro Manila Subway Metro Manila, Philippines231603NaN32028Only for the dedicated mainline between and .[126] To be partially opened in 2025.[127]
Road Twin TubeSengli Daban Tunnel Xinjiang, China220353NaN32026[128] Construction started in 2020. It bypasses Sengli Daban mountain pass which sits up at 4091 meters above the sea level. Once completed, it will become the longest road tunnel in the world at an altitude of over 4000m.
RailwayThane Creek Tunnel[129] Mumbai, India211503NaN3[130] 2028[131] Part of the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high speed railway, construction started in November 2023,[132] 13 m diameter.[133]
RailwayKeylong Rail & Road Tunnel Kyelang, India211503NaN3Part of the Bhanupali-Leh Railway & Roadway Corridor, construction started in February 2024.
Railway Twin tubeAlia Tunnel[134] Sicily, Italy199003NaN3[135] 2030[136] Part of the Palermo–Catania high-speed railway
Railway Twin tubeBentong Tunnel (Genting Tunnel) Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia180003NaN32027 Part of MRL East Coast Rail Link project. Will became the longest tunnel in South East Asia[137]
RailwayShiribeshi Tunnel Hokkaido, Japan179753NaN32031Part of the Hokkaido Shinkansen.
Road and railwayFehmarn Belt Fixed Link Fehmarn Belt, Germany/Denmark176003NaN32029[138] Construction started in January 2021[139]
RailwayTateiwa Tunnel Hokkaido, Japan169803NaN32031Part of the Hokkaido Shinkansen.
RoadFörbifart Stockholm[140] Stockholm, Sweden165003NaN32030[141] Construction started in August 2014
RoadTokyo Gaikan Tunnel Tokyo, Japan162003NaN32030Part of the C3 Tokyo Gaikan Expressway.
RailwayZhoushan underwater tunnel Zhejiang, China162003NaN3[142] 2026Part of the Ningbo–Zhoushan railway. Construction started in December 2020.[143]
Railway Twin TubeChiltern tunnel Chiltern Hills, United Kingdom160403NaN32029-2033[144] Part of High Speed 2,[145] construction started in May 2021,[146] 9.1 m internal diameter[147]
RailwayUchiura Tunnel Hokkaido, Japan155603NaN32031Part of the Hokkaido Shinkansen.
Railway (Maglev)Ina Sanchi Tunnel Nagano, Japan153003NaN3After 2027Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev)
RailwayDevprayag Rail Tunnel Uttarakhand, India152703NaN3 2024–2025Part of Rishikesh–Karnaprayag line[148]
Railway (Maglev)Hiyoshi Tunnel Gifu, Japan145323NaN3After 2027Part of the Chuo Shinkansen (Maglev)
RoadZoji-la Tunnel Zoji La Pass, India142003NaN3[149] 2026Construction started in October 2020[150]
RailwayPatalpani Rail Tunnel Madhya Pradesh, India140003NaN32025
MetroMRT Orange Line[151] Bangkok, Thailand137703NaN32025Orange Line Phase 1
Railway Twin TubeNortholt tunnel West London, United Kingdom135003NaN32029-2033Part of High Speed 2, construction started in October 2022.[152]
Metroİzmir Metro Line M2 İzmir, Turkey135003NaN3[153] 2026
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M12) Istanbul, Turkey130303NaN32025

World's longest tunnels (advanced planning stage)

TypeNameLocationLengthYearComment
Water supplyTibet Xinjiang Tunnel Tibet/Xinjiang, China10000001NaN1???China preparing world's longest tunnel to divert Tibet river to desert[154]
RailwayBohai Strait tunnel Bohai Strait, China1230001NaN1???Tunnel between Dalian on the Liaodong Peninsula and Yantai on the Shandong Peninsula.
RailwayTalsinki Helsinki/Tallinn, Finland/Estonia1000001NaN1After 2030Awaiting financing
Water supplyQinling Tunnel, Han River Diversion to Wei River Shaanxi, China983001NaN1???
RailwaySerra do Mar Tunnel[155] 300001NaN1???
RoadSuðuroyartunnilin Faroe Islands, linking Suðuroy island to Sandoy island260001NaN1After 2030Feasibility study
Railway Twin TubeTachlovice Tunnel Prague/Beroun, Czech Republic247001NaN1[156] After 2035Project is on hold
Metroİzmir Metro Line M3 İzmir, Turkey223003NaN32020s
MetroIstanbul Metro (Line M13) Istanbul, Turkey219001NaN12020s
Railway and electricityGrimsel Tunnel Grimsel Pass, Switzerland217201NaN1[157] 2025/2026Feasibility study
Railway Twin tubePacheco Pass Tunnels Pacheco Pass, California, United States210001NaN12031To be built as part of the California High-Speed Rail project
Road Twin tubeGohpur – Numaligarh Tunnel Assam, India156003NaN3[158] ???Tunnel under the Brahmaputra River
Road Twin tubeKresna Gorge Tunnel[159] Kresna, Bulgaria154001NaN1CancelledPart of Struma motorway, connecting Sofia and Athens.
Road Twin tubeAgua Negra Tunnel Agua Negra Pass, Argentina/Chile140001NaN1???Awaiting ratification by Chile

World's longest tunnels (proposed)

See also

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Tras 11 años de construcción, inauguran el Túnel Emisor Oriente. 23 December 2019. 22 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121234839/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2019/12/tunel-emisor-oriente-inundaciones-inauguracion/. live.
  3. Web site: Не 70 км, а 57,5! Как московские власти «удлинили» Большую кольцевую линию метро . 22 March 2023 . 25 July 2023 . 27 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230327191629/https://1520today.ru/blog/ne-70-km-a-57-5-kak-moskovskie-vlasti-udlinili-bolshuju-kolcevuju-liniju-metro . live .
  4. Web site: IMG 20230327 063939 969 — Postimages . 25 July 2023 . 27 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230327034230/https://postimg.cc/bsQtrNg0 . live .
  5. First stretch opens in 1969 as part of line 2
  6. Web site: Project data – raw construction Gotthard Base Tunnel . 1 June 2016 . AlpTransit Gotthard Ltd . Lucerne, Switzerland . 2016-12-15 . 11 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160311190816/https://www.alptransit.ch/fileadmin/dateien/media/zahlen_und_fakten/gbt_e.pdf . live .
  7. News: Wer hat die grösste Röhre? . Who has the longest tube? . graphical animation . . Zurich, Switzerland . 14 April 2016 . de . 2016-05-11 . 29 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160429131605/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/technik/Wer-hat-die-groesste-Roehre/story/14922381 . live .
  8. Web site: Vladislav. Mug. Vladislav. Konvicka. Underground World: Stola Water Delivery Conduit from the Water Tank Želivka to Prague. Štolový vodovodní přivaděč z vodní nádrže Želivka do Prahy. cs. 2009. 27 February 2010. 17 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140817065627/http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=cs&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hornictvi.info%2Fpodzemi%2Fzelivka%2F02.htm. live.
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  10. Web site: Korea completes record setting rail excavation. Tunneltalk.com. 16 June 2019.
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  12. Web site: Гидроспецпроект/Arpa-Sevan connecting tunnel. gidrospetsproekt.ru. 16 June 2019. 6 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201106180250/http://gidrospetsproekt.ru/en/geografiya-obektov/image-map_rossija/armeniya/arpa-sevan-connecting-tunnel.html. live.
  13. Web site: 1961-1981 the Complex of Hydraulic Works for Transfer of the Arpa and Yeghegis | Arpa Sevan. 21 January 2022. 22 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211122052928/http://arpa-sevan.am/en/1961-1981-the-complex-of-hydraulic-works-for-transfer-of-the-arpa-and-yeghegis/. live.
  14. Web site: 1968-1980 Construction of Tunnel No.2 and of Arpa-Sevan Conduit | Arpa Sevan. 21 January 2022. 28 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220328104243/http://arpa-sevan.am/en/1968-1980-construction-of-tunnel-no-2-and-of-arpa-sevan-conduit/. live.
  15. Web site: This Week In Armenian History: Inauguration of the Arpa-Sevan Tunnel (March 21, 1981). 21 March 2016. Thisweekinarmenianhistory.blogspot.com. 16 June 2019. 13 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413140400/http://thisweekinarmenianhistory.blogspot.com/2016/03/inauguration-of-arpa-sevan-tunnel-march.html. live.
  16. Web site: Pahang Selangor Raw Water Tunnel The Robbins Company. Therobbinscompany.com. 2016-05-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20160701124812/http://www.therobbinscompany.com/en/case-study/pahang-selangor-malaysia/. 1 July 2016. dead.
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  19. Web site: Stages | Land Transport Authority . lta.gov.sg . 5 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140703122517/http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/projects/downtown-line/stages.html . 3 July 2014 . dead.
  20. Web site: Wahlstrom. Ernest E. 1974. History of Geologic Investigations, Engineering Design, and Construction Methods of the Harold D. Roberts Tunnel, Colorado. 30 October 2020. 24 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201024151144/https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0831a/report.pdf. live.
  21. Web site: 莞惠城际最快明年启用 松山湖隧道长38公里_新浪东莞 . Sina Corp . 2016-02-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160120170635/http://gd.sina.com.cn/dg/news/2014-06-18/12022957.html . 20 January 2016 . dead .
  22. Web site: 世界最长高原铁路隧道——新关角隧道贯通. https://web.archive.org/web/20140419054737/http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2014-04/15/c_1110253248.htm. dead. 19 April 2014. Xinhua News Agency. 1 February 2016.
  23. Web site: Breakthrough on the Gerede Water Transmission Tunnel - Tunnels & Tunnelling International. tunnelsonline.info. 5 March 2019 . 1 February 2022. 1 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220201125045/https://www.tunnelsonline.info/news/gerede-water-tunnel-excavation-finally-over-7020876. live.
  24. Web site: Gerede Water Transmission Tunnel. Robbins. 1 February 2022. 1 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220201194139/https://www.robbinstbm.com/ru/projects/gerede-water-transmission-tunnel/. live.
  25. Web site: Milwaukee Deep Tunnels . MMSD.com . 13 August 2020 . 6 June 2021 . 6 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210606184313/https://www.mmsd.com/what-we-do/wastewater-treatment/deep-tunnel . live .
  26. Web site: EVINOS-MORNOS TUNNEL – GREECE . Selitunnel.com . 2016-02-01 . 13 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190513015626/http://www.selitunnel.com/pdf_articoli/9.PDF . live .
  27. Web site: Evinos-Mornos Tunnel – Greece Construction of a 30 km Long Hydraulic Tunnel in Less Than Three Years Under the Most Adverse Geological Conditions – Document Summary. new.onemine.org . https://web.archive.org/web/20131213003221/http://new.onemine.org/search/summary.cfm/EvinosMornos-Tunnel--Greece-Construction-of-a-30-Km-Long-Hydraulic-Tunnel-in-Less-Than-Three-Years-Under-the-Most-Adverse-Geological-Conditions?d=4196E212BCD1388ED3A7769E6B77DD7AF1E26CB727E7188DA9D6416E43747A8F37321 . 13 December 2013.
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  29. Web site: Guadarrama Tunnel. Structurae. 1 February 2016. 5 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131005141750/http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0007961. live.
  30. Web site: 7–25 . Water System Master Plan . Massachusetts Water Resources Authority . December 2006 . Massachusetts Water Resources Authority . 7 July 2013 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185120/http://www.mwra.com/publications/masterplan/2006/water.pdf . live .
  31. Web site: Awards . tunnelintelligence.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20120208134434/http://www.tunnelintelligence.com/awards-in-detail-50.html . 8 February 2012.
  32. Web site: Water from Melamchi finally arrives in Kathmandu. 2021-04-21. kathmandupost.com. English. 2 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220202002752/https://kathmandupost.com/valley/2021/03/07/water-from-melamchi-finally-arrives-in-kathmandu. live.
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