List of icebreakers explained

This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.^{[1] [2]}

• (1954–1982)
• (1978–2007, 2017–)
• (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)
• A new icebreaking Antarctic logistics vessel is planned to enter service in the late 2020s.^[3]

• Aurora Australis (1990–2020; decommissioned)
• Nuyina (2021–)^[4]

• Eisvogel (1955–)
• Röthelstein (1995–)

• Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up)

See also: ICE Pact.

• (1876–1890; sold)
• (1888–1935; broken up)
• (1899–1915; sold to Russia)
• (1904–1942; sold to Russia)
• (1909–1914; sold to Russia)
• (1916; 1923–1937; ex-J.D. Hazen, ex-Mikula Seleaninovich; broken up)
• (1929–1967; broken up)^[5]
• (1930–1979; broken up)
• (1939–1978; museum ship)
• (1950–1969; sold to private company)
• (1952–1983; broken up)
• (1954–1987; broken up)
• (1957–1988; broken up)
• (1959–1989; CCGS William since 1987; sold to private company)
• (1959–2001; sold to private company)
• (1959–1984; museum ship)
• (1959–1988; broken up)
• (1959–1988; broken up)
• (1959–1997; sold to private company)
• (1960–1991; broken up)
• (1965–1994; sold to private company)
• (1969–1993; sold to Chile)
• (1969–)
• (1970–)
• Pierre Radisson class
  • (1977–)
  • (1979–)
  • (1982–)
  • (1987–)
• Samuel Risley class
  • (1985–)
  • (1986–)
• Martha L. Black class
  • (1986–)
  • (1986–)
  • (1986–)
  • (1986–; ex-Edward Cornwallis)
  • (1987–)
  • (1987–)
• (1991–)
• Interim icebreakers
  • (2018–; ex-Vidar Viking)
  • (2020–; ex-Balder Viking)
  • (2022–; ex-Tor Viking)^{[6] [7]}
  • (2021–; ex-Mangystau-2)^{[8] [9]}
• New icebreakers and icebreaking vessels planned as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy
  • sixteen multi-purpose vessels^[10]
  • six medium-sized "program icebreakers"^[11]
  • two polar icebreakers^[12]
    • ^[13]
      • • two modified Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessels^[14]
    • (2026– (planned); under construction)^[15]
    • (2027– (planned); under construction)

• (1954–1961; transferred to Coast Guard)
  • • Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel (2021–)^[16]
  • (2022–)^[17]
  • (2024–)^[18]
  • (2024–)^[19]
  • (under construction)
  • (under construction)

Commercial

• Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
• Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
• Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
• Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
• Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
• Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
• Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
• Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
• Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
• Arcticaborg (2018–2019; transferred to Russia)

• Xuě Lóng (雪龙, "Snow Dragon") (1993–)
• Xuě Lóng 2 (雪龙2, "Snow Dragon 2") (2019–)^[20]

North Sea Branch

• Ji Di (2024–)^[21]

• Type 071 icebreaker
  • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; in reserve)
  • Haibing 721 (海冰721, "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
• Type 210 icebreaker
  • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
• Type 272 icebreaker
  • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
  • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)

• Donghai 519 (东海519, "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721)
• Haijing 6401 (中国海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haibing 723, ex-Haijing 1411)

• Zhong Shan Da Xue Ji Di (2021–; ex-Beijing Ocean Leader, ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk)

• Tan Suo San Hao (2025– (planned); under construction)^[22]

Other

• Bin Hai 293 (滨海293, "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up)^[23]
• Beijing Ocean Leader (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)

• Piloto Pardo (1959–1997; sold to private company)^[24]
• Almirante Óscar Viel (1995–2019; ex-Norman McLeod Rogers; decommissioned and later sunk as target)^{[25] [26]}
• Almirante Viel (2024–)^[27]

• Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
• Isbjørn (1923–1965)^[28]
• Lillebjørn (1926–1968)
• Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)
• Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)^[29]
• Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)^[30]
• Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)
• Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company)^[31]

Estonian Maritime Museum

• Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)

Estonian Maritime Administration

• Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
• EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland and converted for icebreaking)

Port of Tallinn

• Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
• Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)

See also: ICE Pact.

State-owned icebreakers

Steam-powered

• Murtaja (1890–1958; broken up)
• Sampo (1898–1960; broken up)
• Apu (1899–1959; broken up)
• Tarmo (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992)
• Wäinämöinen (1918–1922; handed over to Estonia)
• Ilmarinen (1918–1922; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Voima (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Jääkarhu (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)

Diesel-electric

• Sisu (1939–1974; transferred to the Finnish Navy)
• Voima (1954–)
• Karhu class
  • Karhu (1958–1986; sold to the Soviet Union)
  • Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
  • Sampo (1961–1987; sold to the city of Kemi)
• Tarmo class
  • Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
  • Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
  • Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
• Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
• Urho class
  • Urho (1975–)
  • Sisu (1976–)
• Otso class
  • Otso (1986–)
  • Kontio (1987–)
• Multipurpose icebreakers
  • Fennica (1993–)
  • Nordica (1994–)
  • Botnica (1998–2012; sold to Estonia)
• Polaris (2016–)

• Louhi (1975–1986; ex-Sisu; broken up)
• Louhi (2011–)

• Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
• Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold to Russia)^[32]

• Sampo (1987–)

• L'Astrolabe (2017–)^[33]

• Le Commandant Charcot (2021–)^[34]

Other

• L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold to private company)

See also: Icebreakers of Germany.

Historical

• Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
• Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
• Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
• Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
• Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
• Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)

Alfred-Wegener-Institut

• Polarstern (1982–)
• New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2027.^[35]

Other

• Eisvogel class
  • Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
  • Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
• Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
• Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship)^[36]
• Neuwerk (1997–)
• Arkona (2004–)

• Laura Bassi (2019–)^[37]

• Ōtomari (1921–1945)

• Fuji (1965–1985; museum ship)
• Shirase (1981–2008; sold to private company)
• Shirase (2008–)

• Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
• Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
• Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)

• Mirai II (2027– (planned); under construction)^{[38] [39]}

The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:

• Arcticaborg (1998–2018; transferred to Canada)
• Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
• Tulpar (2002–)
• Mangystau-class icebreaking tugs
  • Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
  • Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
  • Mangystau-3 (2011–)
  • Mangystau-4 (2011–)
  • Mangystau-5 (2011–)

• Kazhymukan (2016–)

• Ledokol-2 (1984–)

• Krišjānis Valdemārs (1925–1941; sunk)
• Varma (1994–)^[40]
• Foros (2013–2024; ex-Fobos; sold to private company)^{[41] [42]}

Greenpeace

• Arctic Sunrise (1995–)

Other

• Nabil (completed but not delivered to Russia due to sanctions)^[43]

• NoCGV Svalbard (2001–)
• Kronprins Haakon (2018–)
• Polar Circle (2022–2024; sold to Sweden)^[44]

• Kuna (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world)
• Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)

Icebreakers

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers

• Lenin (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
• Arktika class
  • Arktika (1975–2008; ex-Leonid Brezhnev, ex-Arktika; decommissioned)^[45]
  • Sibir (1977–1992; decommissioned)
  • Rossiya (1985–2013; decommissioned)^[46]
  • Sovetskiy Soyuz (1990–2014; decommissioned)^{[47] [48]}
  • Yamal (1992–)
  • 50 Let Pobedy (2007–)
• Taymyr class
  • Taymyr (1989–)
  • Vaygach (1990–)
• Project 22220
  • Arktika (2020–)^[49]
  • Sibir (2021–)^[50]
  • Ural (2022–)^[51]
  • Yakutiya (2024– (planned); under construction)^[52]
  • Chukotka (2026– (planned); under construction)^[53]
  • Leningrad (2028– (planned); under construction)^[54]
  • Stalingrad (2030– (planned); ordered)^[55]
• Project 10510
  • Rossiya (2030– (planned); under construction)^[56]

Diesel-powered icebreakers

• Wind class
  • Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
  • Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
  • Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
• Kapitan Belousov class
  • Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)
  • Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)
  • Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)
• Moskva class
  • Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)
  • Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)
  • Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)
  • Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)
  • Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)
• Civilian variants of Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97A)
  • Vasiliy Pronchishchev (1961–1989; ex-Ledokol-1; broken up)^[57]
  • Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1992; ex-Ledokol-2; passed over to Ukraine)^[58]
  • Khariton Laptev (1962–1996; ex-Ledokol-3; broken up)^[59]
  • Vasiliy Poyarkov (1963–1988; ex-Ledokol-4; broken up)^[60]
  • Yerofey Khabarov (1963–1993; ex-Ledokol-5; broken up)^[61]
  • Ivan Kruzenstern (1964–; ex-Ledokol-6)
  • Vladimir Rusanov (1964–1988; ex-Ledokol-7; broken up)^[62]
  • Semyon Chelyuskin (1965–1988; ex-Ledokol-8; broken up)^[63]
  • Yuriy Lisyanskiy (1965–2021; ex-Ledokol-9; to be broken up)^[64]
  • Fyodor Litke (1970–2013; broken up)
  • Ivan Moskvitin (1971–1997; broken up)^[65]
  • Semyon Dezhnev (1971–)
• Ermak class
  • Ermak (1974–2021; broken up)^[66]
  • Admiral Makarov (1975–)
  • Krasin (1976–)
• Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
  • Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
  • Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
  • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
• Kapitan Sorokin class
  • Kapitan Sorokin (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991)
  • Kapitan Nikolaev (1978–; rebuilt in 1990)
  • Kapitan Dranitsyn (1980–)
  • Kapitan Khlebnikov (1981–)
• Kapitan Chechkin class
  • Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
  • Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
  • Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
  • Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
  • Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
  • Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
• Mudyug class
  • Mudyug (1982–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1986)
  • Magadan (1982–)
  • Dikson (1983–)
• Kapitan Evdokimov class
  • Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
  • Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
  • Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
  • Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
  • Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
  • Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
  • Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
  • Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
• Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)
• Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
• Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
• Project 21900
  • Moskva (2008–)
  • Sankt-Peterburg (2009–)
• Project 21900M
  • Vladivostok (2015–)
  • Murmansk (2015–)^[67]
  • Novorossiysk (2016–)^[68]
• Ob (2019–)^[69]
• Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
• Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)^[70]
• Project 21900M2
  • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (construction stopped as of 2021)^[71]
  • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (planned); under construction)^[72]
• Project 23620
  • Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (planned); ordered)^{[73] [74]}
  • Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (planned); ordered)
• Project 22740M
  • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)^[75]
  • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)^[76]

Steam-powered icebreakers

• Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
• Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)^{[77] [78]}
• Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)
• Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)^[79]
• Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)
• Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
• Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)
• Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)^[80]
• Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)
• A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
• Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
• Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
• Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
• Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
• Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
• Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)

• Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
• Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
• Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)
• Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)
• Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)
• Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)^[81]
• Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)
• Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)^[82]
• Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
• Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
• Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
• Toros (1929–1964)
• Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
• Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
• Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
• A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
• Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
• Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
• Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
• Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981)^[83]
• Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

Other icebreaking vessels

Rescue and salvage vessels

• Stroptivyy class
  • Stroptivyy (1979–1992; sold to private company)^[84]
  • Spravedlivyy (1980–)^[85]
  • Stakhanovets (1980–2012; laid up)^[86]
  • Suvorovets (1980–)^[87]
  • Sibirskiy (1980–)^[88]
  • Fobos (1983–2014; sold to Latvia)^[89]
  • Deimos (1983–2002; sold to private company)^[90]
• Baltika (2014–)
• Project MPSV06
  • Beringov Proliv (2015–)^[91]
  • Murman (2015–)
  • Kerchenskiy Proliv (2024– (current estimate); under construction)^[92]
• Project MPSV06M
  • Pevek (2026– (current estimate); under construction)^[93]
  • Anadyr (under construction)^[94]
• Boris Lavrov (2024– (planned); under construction)^[95]

Offshore vessels

The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:

• Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Canmar Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
• Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo, ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
• Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up)
• Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up)
• SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
• SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
• SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
• SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
• Polar Pevek (2006–2022)^[96]
• Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
• Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
• Toboy (2008–)
• Varandey (2008–)
• Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)
• Vitus Bering (2012–)
• Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
• Aleut (2015–)^[97]
• Pomor (2016–)
• Normann (2016–)
• Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
• Stepan Makarov (2017–)
• Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
• Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
• Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)^[98]
• Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)^[99]
• Arcticaborg (2019–)
• Katerina Velikaya (under construction)
• Svyataya Mariya (under construction)
• Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)
• Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)^[100]

In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:

• Arctic (2012–)^[101]
• Antarctic (2017–)
• Polar (2021–)^[102]
• Polus (2021–)

Patrol and naval vessels

The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:

• Purga (1957–1990)^[103]
• Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) and its variants
  • Dobronya Nikitich (1960–1998; broken up)^[104]
  • Purga (1961–2012; broken up)^[105]
  • Vyuga (1962–1991; broken up)^[106]
  • Ilya Muromets (1965–1993; broken up)^[107]
  • Buran (1966–)^[108]
  • Sadko (1968–2022; expended as target)^[109]
  • Peresvet (1970–2011; broken up)^[110]
  • Ivan Susanin class (Project 97P)
    • Ivan Susanin (1973–)^[111]
    • Aysberg (1974–2006; broken up)^[112]
    • Ruslan (1975–)^[113]
    • Anadyr (1976–2019; ex-Dnepr, ex-Imeni XXV syezda KPSS; broken up)^[114]
    • Dunay (1977–2017; broken up)^[115]
    • Neva (1978–)^[116]
    • Volga (1980–)^[117]
    • Murmansk (1981–2013; ex-Imeni XXVI syezda KPSS, ex-Irtysh; broken up)
• Ilya Muromets (2017–)^[118]
• Project 21180M
  • Evpatiy Kolovrat (2024–)^[119]
  • Svyatogor (2027– (planned); under construction)^{[120] [121]}
• Project 23550
  • (2024– (current estimate); under construction)^[122]
  • (2024– (planned); under construction)
  • (2024– (planned); under construction)^[123]
  • (under construction)^[124]

Research and survey vessels

• Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) variants
  • Pyotr Pakhtusov (1966–1997; ex-Mendeleev, ex-Ledokol-10; broken up)^[125]
  • Georgiy Sedov (1967–1992; broken up)^[126]
  • Vladimir Kavrayskiy (1969–2012; used as stationary floating barracks PKZ-86)^[127]
  • Otto Schmidt (1979–1991; broken up)^[128]
• Mikhail Somov (1975–)
• Akademik Fedorov (1987–)
• Akademik Tryoshnikov (2012–)
• Ivan Frolov (2028– (planned); ordered)^[129]

• S. A. Agulhas (1977–2012; retired from Antarctic service and used as a training ship)
• S. A. Agulhas II (2012–)

South Korea

• Araon (2009–)
• A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by 2027^[130]

See Russia

• Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
• Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)
• Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)
• Thule (1953–1998; broken up)
• Oden (1957–1988; broken up)
• Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)
• Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)
• Ale (1973–)
• Atle class
  • Atle (1974–)
  • Frej (1975–)
  • Ymer (1977–)
• Oden (1988–)
• Idun (2024–; purchased from Norway)^[131]
• First of the new planned icebreakers to enter service in 2027^[132]

Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.

• Tor Viking II (2000–2015; as Tor Viking under Norwegian flag until 2003)
• Balder Viking (2000–2015)
• Vidar Viking (2001–2012; contract ended prematurely)^[133]

• Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
• Mangystau-1 (2023–)

• Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1995; broken up)
• Kapitan Belousov (1991–; damaged and later captured by Russians in 2022)
• Noosfera (2021–; ex-James Clark Ross; purchased from United Kingdom)^[134]

• (1990–2008; broken up)^[135]
• (1991–2021; sold to Ukraine)^[136]
• (1995–2019; sold to Italy)^[137]
• (2011–)
• (2020–)^[138]

See also: ICE Pact.

• USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship)
• Wind class
  • USCGC Staten Island (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; ex-Severny Veter, ex-Northwind; broken up)
  • USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977)
  • USCGC Southwind (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; ex-Admiral Makarov, ex-Atka; broken up in 1976)
  • USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; ex-Severniy Polyus; broken up)
  • USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999)
  • USCGC Burton Island (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982)
  • USCGC Edisto (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980)
• USCGC Glacier (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012)
• Polar class
  • USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–)
  • USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; inactive)
• USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) (2000–)
• USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) (2006–)
• Polar Security Cutters
  • USCGC Polar Sentinel (WMSP-21) (2028– (current estimate); ordered)
  • The second Polar Security Cutter has been ordered and the third authorized^{[139] [140]}

• Nathaniel B. Palmer (1992–)^[141]
• Laurence M. Gould (1997–)^[142]
• Sikuliaq (2014–)

• Aiviq (2012–)

Notes and References

1. Web site: THE WORLD ICEBREAKER AND ICEBREAKING SUPPLY VESSEL FLEET . Ilmari Aro . 17 November 2008 . Baltic Icebreaking Management . 7 April 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195209/http://portal.fma.fi/sivu/www/baltice/jaanmurtajalista.pdf . 29 October 2013 .
2. http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg552/docs/MAJOR%20ICEBREAKERS%20Chart.pdf Major icebreakers of the world
3. Web site: Naval shipyard Tandanor to build new icebreaker for Argentina. Navy Recognition. 30 December 2021. 16 January 2022.
4. Web site: Flying the flag over Australia's new icebreaker. Australian Antarctic Division. 20 August 2021. 11 September 2021.
5. http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/eng/Ccg/usque_Ship_Details Ships of the CCG 1850–1967
6. Web site: Canada Acts on Icebreaker Shortage. The Maritime Executive. 6 July 2018. 21 July 2018.
7. Web site: SHIPPING NEWS: Halifax's ice-free status nearly on the rocks. The Chronicle Herald. 19 March 2019. 29 March 2019.
8. Web site: Canadian Coast Guard announces an addition to the southern icebreaking fleet with the purchase of light icebreaker from Atlantic Towing Limited. Government of Canada. 10 November 2021. 10 November 2021.
9. Web site: Canadian Coast Guard names light icebreaker - the CCGS Judy LaMarsh. Canadian Coast Guard. 3 October 2022. 3 October 2022.
10. Web site: Multi-Purpose Vessels. Seaspan Shipyards. 16 January 2022.
11. Web site: Six New Icebreakers to be Built for Canadian Coast Guard . Naval News. 11 August 2019. 16 January 2022.
12. Web site: Polar icebreakers and the National Shipbuilding Strategy. Canadian Coast Guard. Government of Canada. 16 January 2022.
13. Web site: Working with the North, for the North. Canadian Coast Guard. Government of Canada. 19 August 2024. 19 August 2024.
14. Web site: Irving to receive $58 million for 'minimal' changes to new Coast Guard ships . Ottawa Citizen. 7 February 2020. 16 January 2022.
15. Web site: Canadian Coast Guard celebrates new Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships shipbuilding milestones. Government of Canada. Canadian Coast Guard. 31 July 2024. 1 August 2024.
16. Web site: Melanson . Ryan . Government of Canada . 25 June 2021 . 20 July 2021 . HMCS Harry DeWolf: RCN to commission first new ship in over two decades.
17. Web site: 15 July 2021. Irving Shipbuilding delivers second Arctic patrol warship to Royal Canadian Navy. 20 July 2021. CTV News.
18. Web site: Defence . National . 2024-05-03 . HMCS Max Bernays Commissioned today in Vancouver, B.C. . 2024-05-04 . www.canada.ca.
19. Web site: HMCS William Hall Commissioned into Service in Halifax, N.S.. Government of Canada. 16 May 2024. 16 May 2024.
20. Web site: Chinese icebreaker sails to North Pole, explores remote Arctic ridge. Arctic Today. 12 August 2021. 16 October 2021.
21. Web site: 中國完全自主研製破冰科考船「極地號」料明年下半年執行任務. zh. 29 December 2023. 29 December 2023.
22. Web site: Cutting-edge deep-sea vessel begins construction in Guangzhou. China Daily. 26 June 2023. 27 June 2023.
23. http://www.robindesbois.org/wp-content/uploads/shipbreaking46.pdf Shipbreaking Bulletin of information and analysis on ship demolition #46, from October 1 to December 31, 2016
24. http://www.palmerstation.com/history/7585/simpson.html Chilean submarine Simpson calls at Palmer Station
25. Web site: Rompehielos "Óscar Viel" se despide tras navegar lo equivalente a casi 20 vueltas al mundo. Armada de Chile. 11 February 2019. 25 December 2022.
26. seawaves_mag. 1440355561665560588. USS Mustin joined Chilean warships Almirante Cochrane, Capitan Prat, Almirante Reveros and Almirante Montt in a SINKEX of icebreaker Admiral Óscar Viel (ex-CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers) during Teamwork South 13-18 Sep. @CoastGuardCAN.
27. Web site: Es chileno: Así es el primer buque rompehielos construido en Sudamérica. GobiernodeChile. 3 July 2024. 5 July 2024.
28. http://www.e-pages.dk/mmf/57/40 Mens vi venter på isen
29. Web site: Tidligere Elbjørn-ejer: Vi ødelægger vores maritime kulturarv. da. TV2 Nord. 6 May 2019. 18 August 2019.
30. Web site: Isbrydere blev kaldt 'øjebæ': Nu er køberen afsløret. da. TV2 Nord. 7 August 2023. 7 August 2023.
31. http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/regionale/nordjylland/statslig-isbryder-solgt-bliver-i-danmark Statslig isbryder solgt – bliver i Danmark
32. Web site: Turkulaisvarustamon Kiinaan myymä alus matkaa Istanbuliin: "Kaupassa ei ole venäläisiä osapuolia". fi. Turun Sanomat. 15 August 2023. 16 August 2023. subscription.
33. http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/la-construction-de-lastrolabe-debute La construction de l'Astrolabe a débuté
34. Web site: Le Commandant Charcot delivered. 3 August 2021. 3 August 2021. Vard Group AS.
35. Web site: New Polarstern. 24 July 2023. 16 August 2023. Alfred-Wegener-Institut.
36. Web site: DES Stephan Jantzen. Technische Flotte Rostock. 2018-12-08.
37. Web site: OGS, una nuova nave per la ricerca. Verso i ghiacci con la "Ernest Shackleton". it. Triesteall News. 11 May 2019. 14 May 2019.
38. Web site: Stay up-to-date with the Arctic Research Vessel. JAMSTEC. 19 January 2024.
39. Web site: Japan's First Arctic Research Vessel to Be Named "Mirai II". Nippon.com. 22 February 2024. 23 February 2024.
40. https://rbflote.lv/en/icebreakers/varma/ Icebreakers: Varma
41. Web site: Чем колоть лед будем? Рижский порт продал эстонцам латвийский ледокол «Форос». ru. BB.lv. 23 April 2024. 23 April 2024.
42. Web site: Rīgas brīvostai beidzot izdevies pārdot ledlauzi “Foros” – igauņiem par miljonu eiro. lv. TV3.lv. 22 April 2024. 23 April 2024.
43. Web site: Sanctions stop Niestern Sander from delivering new ice-breaking W2W vessel. SWZ Maritime. 3 March 2022. 23 November 2022.
44. Web site: Sjöfartsverket köper norsk isbrytare. sv. Sjöfartsverket. 25 March 2024. 25 March 2024.
45. http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/nuclear-russia/2016-11-russia-prepared-to-dismantle-first-nuclear-icebreaker-ever Russia prepares to dismantle first nuclear icebreaker ever
46. http://bellona.org/news/arctic/russian-nuclear-icebreakers-fleet/2013-04-russian-nuclear-icebreaker-rossiya-taking-last-voyage-along-norways-coast Russian nuclear icebreaker Rossiya taking last voyage along Norway’s coast
47. http://archive.rosatom.ru/en/areas_of_activity/non_energy_businesses/nuclear_icebreakers/ Northern Sea Route
48. https://life.ru/t/%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F/948999/rosatomflot_nachal_protsiess_utilizatsii_atomnykh_liedokolov "Росатомфлот" начал процесс утилизации атомных ледоколов
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50. Web site: Baltiysky Zavod shipyard delivers Sibir, first serial icebreaker of Project 22220, to Atomflot. PortNews. 24 December 2021. 24 December 2021.
51. Web site: На ледоколе "Урал" прошла церемония поднятия флага. ru. Sudostroenie.info. 22 November 2022. 22 November 2022.
52. Web site: Baltiysky Zavod lays down forth 60-MW icebreaker of Project 22220. PortNews. 26 May 2020. 26 May 2020.
53. Web site: Балтзавод заложил атомоход проекта 22220 "Чукотка". ru. PortNews. 16 December 2020. 16 December 2020.
54. Web site: Пятый серийный атомный ледокол проекта 22220 получит название «Ленинград». ru. Media Paluba. 19 January 2024. 19 January 2024.
55. Web site: Новые атомные ледоколы проекта 22220 получили имена. ru. Sudostroenie.info. 30 March 2023. 30 March 2023.
56. Web site: Срок выпуска атомного ледокола «Россия» сдвинули на 2030 год. ru. The release date of the nuclear-powered icebreaker Rossiya has been pushed back to 2030. Kommersant. 20 May 2024. 20 May 2024.
57. Web site: Василий Прончищев. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
58. Web site: Афанасий Никитин. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
59. Web site: Харитон Лаптев. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
60. Web site: Пояр. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
61. Web site: Ерофей Хабаров. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
62. Web site: Vlad. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
63. Web site: Семён Челюскин. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
64. Web site: Росморпорт готов заплатить до 26 млн рублей за утилизацию ледокола "Юрий Лисянский". ru. PortNews. 24 January 2023. 27 April 2023.
65. Web site: Иван Москвитин. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
66. Web site: Ермак. FleetPhoto. 12 January 2024. ru.
67. http://en.portnews.ru/news/180039/ Vyborg Shipyard starts building hull of 21900M icebreaker "Novorossiysk" for Rosmorport (photo)
68. http://en.portnews.ru/news/231874/ FSUE Rosmorport takes delivery of Novorossiysk, icebreaker built by Vyborg Shipyard (photo)
69. Web site: The icebreaker "Ob" built for work in Sabetta will be delivered to the customer. Sever-Press. 18 October 2019. 18 October 2019.
70. Web site: Acceptance/delivery certificate signed for Victor Chernomyrdin icebreaker. 30 September 2020. 1 October 2020. PortNews.
71. Web site: Sietas (Германия) заложила ледокол мощностью 18 МВт для ФГУП "Росморпорт". PortNews. 29 October 2020. 29 October 2020.
72. Web site: IAA PortNews’ interview with Aleksandr Solovyov, General Director of Vyborg Shipyard. PortNews. 7 October 2022. 8 October 2022.
73. Web site: Onego Shipyard to build Project 23620 LNG-fueled icebreaker duo for Rosmorport. PortNews. 20 July 2021. 5 December 2021.
74. Web site: Reconstruction plan of the Onega Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Plant. VPK. 19 July 2021. 5 December 2021.
75. Web site: Судостроители Петрозаводска заложили первый в истории Карелии ледокол. ru. Интернет-газета «СТОЛИЦА на Onego.ru». 12 May 2023. 12 May 2023.
76. Web site: Заложен второй мелкосидящий ледокол проекта 22740М. ru. Sudostroenie.info. 15 November 2023. 16 November 2023.
77. http://opww.narod.ru/mmtm/17.htm Портовые и многоцелевые ледоколы
78. http://www.tugboatlars.se/Holmen8.htm Holmen VIII
79. http://www.vzsar.ru/news/2015/10/08/ledokol-saratov-planiryut-podnyat-so-dna-volgi-v-dekabre.html Ледокол "Саратов" планируют поднять со дна Волги в декабре
80. http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/ledokol31899.html Ledokol 3 1899
81. http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/ledokolvii1916.html Ledokol VII 1916
82. http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/ledokolix1917.html Ledokol IX 1917
83. https://www.fesco.ru/about/history/fleet-roll/12079/ Илья Муромец (Eisbar)
84. Web site: Ym Shanghai. ru. FleetPhoto. 9 August 2024.
85. Web site: Справедливый. ru. FleetPhoto. 7 August 2024.
86. Web site: Стахановец. ru. FleetPhoto. 7 August 2024.
87. Web site: Суворовец. ru. FleetPhoto. 7 August 2024.
88. Web site: Сибирский. ru. FleetPhoto. 7 August 2024.
89. Web site: Foros. ru. FleetPhoto. 7 August 2024.
90. Web site: Lira. ru. FleetPhoto. 7 August 2024.
91. http://en.portnews.ru/news/186383/ Nordic Yards schedules launch of two MPSVs for Rosmorrechflot’s rescue service for September 2114 (photo)
92. Web site: Амурский судозавод с опережением графика строит буксир-ледокол. ru. 13 February 2020. 13 February 2020. Хабаровский край сегодня.
93. Web site: На ПСЗ "Янтарь" заложили спасательное судно "Певек" проекта MPSV06М. ru. Paluba.media. 25 March 2022. 25 March 2022.
94. Web site: ПСЗ "Янтарь" заложил киль МФАСС проекта MPSV06M "Анадырь" мощностью 7 МВт. ru. PortNews. 24 May 2023. 24 May 2023.
95. Web site: На турецкой верфи состоялась закладка МФАСС проекта IBSV02 для Морспасслужбы. ru. Paluba.media. 2 March 2022. 2 March 2022.
96. Web site: GC Rieber scraps charter early to get Polar Pevek out of Russia. TradeWinds News. 29 June 2022. 31 August 2022.
97. http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/havyard-icebreaker-aleut-on-its-way-to-norway/ Havyard: Icebreaker Aleut on its way to Norway
98. http://www.en.portnews.ru/news/260574/ Russian flag raised on the Aleksandr Sannikov icebreaker
99. http://portnews.ru/news/269615/ Выборгский судзавод передал заказчику ледокольное судно обеспечения проекта IBSV01 «Андрей Вилькицкий»
100. https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/97746/ На заводе «Звезда» заложили 4 судна снабжения
101. Web site: Ark Shipping takes delivery of shallow draft AHTS for Caspian operations. OSD IMT. 4 October 2017. 27 June 2020.
102. Web site: NB016 steel cutting ceremony. Atlas Shipyard. 21 February 2020. 27 June 2020.
103. Web site: Пурга. ru. FleetPhoto. 13 May 2023.
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105. Web site: Пурга. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
106. Web site: Вьюга. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
107. Web site: Илья Муромец. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
108. Web site: Буран. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
109. Web site: Садко. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
110. Web site: Пересвет. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
111. Web site: Иван Сусанин. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
112. Web site: Айсберг. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
113. Web site: Руслан. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
114. Web site: Анадырь. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
115. Web site: Дунай. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
116. Web site: Нева. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
117. Web site: Волга. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
118. http://en.portnews.ru/news/249838/ Admiralteiskie Verfi shipyard delivers icebreaker Ilya Muromets, Project 21180, to RF Navy (photo)
119. Web site: "Евпатий Коловрат" отправится в Арктику. Shnyagi.Net. 8 November 2020. ru. 14 November 2020.
120. Web site: Russian Navy builds more icebreakers. The Barents Observer. 7 January 2022. 8 January 2022.
121. Web site: Владимир Омельницкий участвовал в закладке ледокола на судостроительной верфи «Алмаз». ru. АНО "Санкт-Петербургский центр информационной поддержки". 1 September 2023. 3 September 2023.
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124. Web site: На Выборгском СЗ заложен пограничный сторожевой корабль ледового класса «Дзержинский» проекта 23550. ru. Media Paluba. 24 December 2023. 24 December 2023.
125. Web site: Prabhavi. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
126. Web site: Георгий Седов. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
127. Web site: ПКЗ-86. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
128. Web site: Отто Шмидт. FleetPhoto. 14 March 2020.
129. Web site: Начало резки металла для НЭС "Иван Фролов" запланировано на декабрь. ru. Sudostroenie.info. 12 October 2023. 12 October 2023.
130. Web site: 2027년 '아라온호'보다 강한 쇄빙연구선 극지 누빈다. 14 January 2023. 15 August 2023.
131. Web site: Så ska den nya isbrytaren heta. sv. Sjöfartsverket. 2 April 2024. 2 April 2024.
132. Web site: Satsning på isbrytare i regeringens budget. sv. Sjöfartsverket. 8 November 2022. 11 November 2022.
133. https://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/russia-sakhalin-energy-hires-vidar-viking-ahts/ Russia: Sakhalin Energy Hires Vidar Viking AHTS
134. Web site: Украина переименовала купленный у Британии ледокол: как он теперь называется. uk. RBC. 29 October 2021. 30 October 2021.
135. News: HMS Endurance: Former ice patrol ship to be scrapped. BBC News. 7 October 2013. 22 October 2020.
136. Web site: After 30 years of service with British Antarctic Survey the RRS James Clark Ross has been sold to the Ukrainian National Antarctic Scientific Centre.. British Antarctic Survey. 19 August 2021. 19 August 2021.
137. Web site: BAS to Redeliver Ernest Shackleton Vessel to GC Rieber. Subsea World News. 25 March 2019. 10 May 2019.
138. Web site: British Antarctic Survey takes delivery of RRS Sir David Attenborough. British Antarctic Survey. 2 December 2020. 2 December 2020.
139. News: U.S. Government Shipbuilding (2020) . 1 October 2022.
140. News: ICYMI: Senate Passes 2023 Defense Bill with King-Backed Provisions to Invest in Maine Shipbuilding, Strengthen National Security and Support Jobs . 16 December 2022 . Senator Angus King (I-ME) . 16 December 2022.
141. Web site: National Science Foundation. 2007-08-16. R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer.
142. Web site: National Science Foundation. 2007-08-16. R/V Laurence M. Gould.