List of governors of Georgia explained

The governor of Georgia is the head of government of the U.S. state of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. Republican Brian Kemp assumed office on January 14, 2019.

There have officially been 83 governors of the State of Georgia, including 11 who served more than one distinct term (John Houstoun, George Walton, Edward Telfair, George Mathews, Jared Irwin, David Brydie Mitchell, George Rockingham Gilmer, M. Hoke Smith, Joseph Mackey Brown, John M. Slaton and Eugene Talmadge, with Herman Talmadge serving two de facto distinct terms).

The longest-serving governors are George Busbee, Joe Frank Harris, Zell Miller, Sonny Perdue and Nathan Deal, each of whom served two full four-year terms; Joseph E. Brown, governor during the Civil War, was elected four times, serving seven and a half years. The shortest term of the post-revolutionary period is that of Matthew Talbot, who served 13 days after succeeding his predecessor, who died in office. Eugene Talmadge died in December 1946 before taking office in his second distinct term, leading to a dispute in which three people claimed the office.

Governors

Georgia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on January 2, 1788.[1] Before it declared its independence, Georgia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It seceded from the Union on January 19, 1861,[2] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.[3] Following the end of the American Civil War, Georgia during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Georgia was readmitted to the Union on July 25, 1868;[4] again expelled from Congress on March 3, 1869;[5] and again readmitted on July 15, 1870.

The Rules and Regulations of the Colony, drafted in 1776, provided for a president to serve a term of 6 months.[6] A formal constitution was drafted in 1777, providing for a governor to serve a term of one year, but no more than one year out of every three.[7] The term was lengthened to two years in 1789, but with no term limit.[8] The 1865 constitution required governors to take four years off after serving two terms,[9] but that was quickly changed in the 1868 constitution, which allowed four-year terms with no limits. The term length was returned to the two-year term and limit of the 1865 constitution in 1877.[10]

The 1945 constitution changed the length of terms to four years, with governors required to take four years off before running again, and it created the office of Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, who would exercise the powers of the governor should the office become vacant.[11] This was changed in 1983 so that the lieutenant governor fully becomes governor in that circumstance.[12] Before the creation of the office of lieutenant governor, the president of the senate (or, before 1789, the president of the executive council[13]) would exercise the powers of governor.[14] The 1983 constitution also allows governors to succeed themselves once, before having to wait four years to run again. The governor and the lieutenant governor are not officially elected on the same ticket.

!scope="colgroup" colspan="3"
GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor
7data-sort-value="Bulloch, Archibald" Archibald Bulloch

[15] [16]
[17]

February 22, 1777
NoneOffice did not exist
8data-sort-value="Gwinnett, Button"Button Gwinnett

[18] [19]


May 8, 1777
None
9data-sort-value="Treutlen, John"John A. Treutlen

[20] [21]


January 10, 1778
None
10data-sort-value="Houstoun, John"John Houstoun

[22] [23]


December 29, 1778
None
Competing governments

August 6, 1779
11data-sort-value="Wereat, John"John Wereat

[24] [25]

 -
November 1779
None
12data-sort-value="Walton, George"George Walton

[26] [27]

 -
January 4, 1780
None
13data-sort-value="Howly, Richard"Richard Howly

[28]


February 5, 1780
None
data-sort-value="Wells, George"George Wells

 -
February 16, 1780
None
14data-sort-value="Heard, Stephen"Stephen Heard

[29] [30]

 -
August 18, 1781
None
15data-sort-value="Brownson, Nathan"Nathan Brownson

[31] [32]


January 3, 1782
None1781
16data-sort-value="Martin, John"John Martin

[33] [34]


January 8, 1783
None1782
17data-sort-value="Hall, Lyman"Lyman Hall

[35] [36]


January 9, 1784
None1783
10data-sort-value="Houstoun, John"John Houstoun



January 6, 1785
None1784
18data-sort-value="Elbert, Samuel"Samuel Elbert

[37] [38]


January 9, 1786
None1785
19data-sort-value="Telfair, Edward"Edward Telfair

[39] [40]


January 9, 1787
None1786
20data-sort-value="Mathews, George"George Mathews

[41] [42]


January 26, 1788
None1787
21data-sort-value="Handley, George"George Handley

[43] [44]


January 7, 1789
None1788
12data-sort-value="Walton, George"George Walton



November 9, 1789
Democratic-
Republican
data-sort-value="1789-01"Jan. 1789
19Edward Telfair



November 7, 1793
Democratic-
Republican
data-sort-value="1789-11"Nov. 1789
1791
20data-sort-value="Mathews, George"George Mathews



January 15, 1796
Democratic-
Republican
1793
22data-sort-value="Irwin, Jared"Jared Irwin

[45] [46]


January 12, 1798
Democratic-
Republican
1795
23James Jackson

[47] [48]


March 3, 1801
Democratic-
Republican
1797
1799
24data-sort-value="Emanuel, David"David Emanuel

[49] [50]


November 7, 1801
Democratic-
Republican
25data-sort-value="Tattnall, Josiah"Josiah Tattnall

[51] [52]


November 4, 1802
Democratic-
Republican
1801
26John Milledge

[53] [54]


September 23, 1806
Democratic-
Republican
1802
1803
1805
22Jared Irwin



November 10, 1809
Democratic-
Republican
1807
27David Brydie Mitchell

[55] [56]


November 5, 1813
Democratic-
Republican
1809
1811
28data-sort-value="Early, Peter"Peter Early

[57] [58]


November 10, 1815
Democratic-
Republican
1813
27data-sort-value="Mitchell, David"David Brydie Mitchell



March 4, 1817
Democratic-
Republican
1815
29William Rabun

[59] [60]


October 24, 1819
Democratic-
Republican
1817
30data-sort-value="Talbot, Matthew"Matthew Talbot

[61]


November 5, 1819
Democratic-
Republican
31John Clark

[62] [63]


November 7, 1823
Democratic-
Republican
1819
1821
32George Troup

[64] [65]


November 7, 1827
Troup Democratic-
Republican
1823
1825
33data-sort-value="Forsyth, John"John Forsyth

[66] [67]


November 4, 1829
Troup Democratic-
Republican
1827
34data-sort-value="Gilmer, George"George Rockingham Gilmer

[68] [69]


November 9, 1831
Troup Democratic-
Republican
1829
35Wilson Lumpkin

[70] [71]


November 4, 1835
Union
(Democratic)
1831
1833
36data-sort-value="Schley, William"William Schley

[72] [73]


November 8, 1837
Union
(Democratic)
1835
34data-sort-value="Gilmer, George"George Rockingham Gilmer



November 6, 1839
State Rights
(Whig)
1837
37Charles James McDonald

[74] [75]


November 8, 1843
Union
(Democratic)
1839
1841
38George W. Crawford

[76] [77]


November 3, 1847
Whig1843
1845
39George W. Towns

[78] [79]


November 5, 1851
Democratic1847
1849
40data-sort-value="Cobb, Howell"Howell Cobb

[80] [81]


November 9, 1853
Constitutional
Union (Democratic)
1851
41Herschel V. Johnson

[82] [83]


November 6, 1857
Democratic1853
1855
42Joseph E. Brown

[84] [85]


June 17, 1865
Democratic1857
1859
1861
1863
43data-sort-value="Johnson, James"James Johnson

[86] [87]


December 19, 1865
44data-sort-value="Jenkins, Charles"Charles J. Jenkins

[88] [89]


January 13, 1868
Democratic1865
45data-sort-value="Ruger, Thomas"Thomas H. Ruger

[90] [91]


July 4, 1868
46data-sort-value="Bullock, Rufus"Rufus Bullock

[92] [93]


October 30, 1871
Republican1868
47data-sort-value="Conley, Benjamin"Benjamin F. Conley

[94]


January 12, 1872
Republican
48James Milton Smith

[95] [96]


January 12, 1877
Democratic1871
1872
49Alfred H. Colquitt

[97] [98]
[99]

November 4, 1882
Democratic1876
1880
50data-sort-value="Stephens, Alexander"Alexander H. Stephens

[100] [101]
[102]

March 4, 1883
Democratic1882
51data-sort-value="Boynton, James"James S. Boynton

[103]


May 10, 1883
Democratic
52Henry Dickerson McDaniel

[104] [105]
[106]

November 9, 1886
Democratic1883
1884
53John B. Gordon

[107] [108]
[109]

November 8, 1890
Democratic1886
1888
54William J. Northen

[110] [111]
[112]

October 27, 1894
Democratic1890
1892
55William Yates Atkinson

[113] [114]
[115]

October 29, 1898
Democratic1894
1896
56Allen D. Candler

[116] [117]
[118]

October 25, 1902
Democratic1898
1900
57Joseph M. Terrell

[119] [120]
[121]

June 29, 1907
Democratic1902
1904
58data-sort-value="Smith, M. Hoke"M. Hoke Smith

[122] [123]
[124]

June 26, 1909
Democratic1906
59data-sort-value="Brown, Joseph M."Joseph Mackey Brown

[125] [126]
[127]

July 1, 1911
Democratic1908
58data-sort-value="Smith, M. Hoke"M. Hoke Smith

[128]

November 15, 1911
Democratic1910
60data-sort-value="Slaton, John"John M. Slaton

[129] [130]


January 25, 1912
Democratic
59data-sort-value="Brown, Joseph M."Joseph Mackey Brown

[131]

June 28, 1913
Democratic1912
60data-sort-value="Slaton, John"John M. Slaton

[132]

June 26, 1915
Democratic1912
61data-sort-value="Harris, Nathaniel"Nathaniel Edwin Harris

[133] [134]
[135]

June 30, 1917
Democratic1914
62Hugh Dorsey

[136] [137]
[138]

June 25, 1921
Democratic1916
1918
63data-sort-value="Hardwick, Thomas"Thomas W. Hardwick

[139] [140]
[141]

June 30, 1923
Democratic1920
64Clifford Walker

[142] [143]
[144]

June 25, 1927
Democratic1922
1924
65Lamartine Griffin Hardman

[145] [146]
[147]

June 27, 1931
Democratic1926
1928
66data-sort-value="Russel, Richard"Richard Russell Jr.

[148] [149]
[150]

January 10, 1933
Democratic1930
67Eugene Talmadge

[151] [152]
[153]

January 12, 1937
Democratic1932
1934
68Eurith D. Rivers

[154] [155]
[156]

January 14, 1941
Democratic1936
1938
67data-sort-value="Talmadge, Eugene"Eugene Talmadge

[157]

January 12, 1943
Democratic1940
69data-sort-value="Arnall, Ellis"Ellis Arnall

[158] [159]
[160]

January 14, 1947
Democratic1942
data-sort-value="Talmadge, Eugene"Eugene Talmadge

Died before
taking office
Democratic1946 
data-sort-value="Talmadge, Herman"Herman Talmadge

[161] [162]
[163]

March 19, 1947
Democratic
70data-sort-value="Thompson, Melvin"Melvin E. Thompson

[164] [165]
[166]

November 17, 1948
DemocraticVacant
71Herman Talmadge

[167]

January 11, 1955
Democratic1948
1950
72data-sort-value="Griffin, Marvin"Marvin Griffin

[168] [169]
[170]

January 13, 1959
Democratic1954
73data-sort-value="Vandiver, Ernest"Ernest Vandiver

[171] [172]
[173]

January 15, 1963
Democratic1958
74data-sort-value="Sanders, Carl"Carl Sanders

[174] [175]
[176]

January 11, 1967
Democratic1962
75data-sort-value="Maddox, Lester"Lester Maddox

[177] [178]
[179]

January 12, 1971
Democratic1966
76data-sort-value="Carter, Jimmy"Jimmy Carter

[180] [181]
[182]

January 14, 1975
Democratic1970
77George Busbee

[183] [184]
[185]

January 11, 1983
Democratic1974
1978
78Joe Frank Harris

[186] [187]
[188]

January 14, 1991
Democratic1982
1986
79Zell Miller

[189] [190]
[191]

January 11, 1999
Democratic1990
1994
80data-sort-value="Barnes, Roy"Roy Barnes

[192] [193]
[194]

January 13, 2003
Democratic1998
81Sonny Perdue

[195] [196]
[197]

January 10, 2011
Republican2002
2006
82Nathan Deal

[198] [199]
[200]

January 14, 2019
Republican2010
2014
83Brian Kemp

[201]
[202]

Incumbent
Republican2018
2022

See also

References

General

Constitutions

Specific

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Georgia; January 2, 1788 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20151220224732/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratga.asp . December 20, 2015 . October 31, 2015 . The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
  2. Web site: Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150905091739/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3953 . September 5, 2015 . May 24, 2015 . University of Houston.
  3. http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html#p1 Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America
  4. Book: Meyers, Christopher C. . The Empire State of the South . Mercer University Press . 2008 . 978-0-88146-111-4 . May 19, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160521041454/https://books.google.com/books?id=LwMI1Xokv7AC&lpg=PA172&pg=PA172 . May 21, 2016 . live.
  5. Georgia (United States) . 11 . 751 - 758; see page 757 .
  6. 1776 Const. art. I
  7. 1777 Const. art. XXIII
  8. 1789 Const. art. II, § 1
  9. 1865 Const. art III, § 1
  10. 1877 Const. art V, § 1
  11. 1945 Const. art. V, § 1
  12. GA Const. art. V, § 1
  13. 1777 Const. art. XXIX
  14. 1789 Const. art. II, § 4
  15. Web site: Archibald Bulloch . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  16. Web site: Schmidt . Jim . January 23, 2019 . Archibald Bulloch . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  17. Web site: 1990 . Georgia Official and Statistical Register, 1989-90 . February 20, 2023 . Georgia Department of Archives and History . 199 - 207.
  18. Web site: Button Gwinnett . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  19. Web site: Deaton . Stan . August 1, 2019 . Button Gwinnett . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  20. Web site: John Adam Treutlen . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  21. Web site: Schmidt . Jim . February 21, 2018 . John Adam Treutlen . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  22. Web site: John Houstoun . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  23. Web site: Schmidt . Jim . December 10, 2019 . John Houstoun . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  24. Web site: John Wereat . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  25. Web site: Lamplugh . George R. . September 15, 2014 . John Wereat . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  26. Web site: George Walton . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  27. Web site: Deaton . Stan . February 21, 2018 . George Walton . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  28. Web site: Richard Howly . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  29. Web site: Stephen Heard . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  30. Web site: Ouzts . Clay . October 28, 2016 . Stephen Heard . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  31. Web site: Nathan Brownson . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  32. Web site: Schmidt . Jim . September 16, 2014 . Nathan Brownson . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  33. Web site: John Martin . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  34. Web site: Schmidt . Jim . September 15, 2014 . John Martin . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  35. Web site: Lyman Hall . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  36. Web site: Deaton . Stan . February 21, 2018 . Lyman Hall . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  37. Web site: Samuel Elbert . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  38. Web site: Diamond . Beryl I. . September 17, 2014 . Samuel Elbert . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  39. Web site: Edward Telfair . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  40. Web site: Johnson . Charles J. . May 16, 2015 . Edward Telfair . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  41. Web site: George Mathews . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  42. Web site: Ebel . Carol . September 11, 2014 . George Mathews . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  43. Web site: George Handley . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  44. Web site: Hulett . Keith . September 9, 2014 . George Handley . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  45. Web site: Jared Irwin . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  46. Web site: Rohrer . Katherine E. . September 15, 2014 . Jared Irwin . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  47. Web site: James Jackson . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  48. Web site: Lamplugh . George R. . September 15, 2014 . James Jackson . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  49. Web site: David Emanuel . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  50. Web site: Brown . Russell K. . September 2, 2016 . David Emanuel . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  51. Web site: Josiah Tattnall . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  52. Web site: Brown . Russell K. . September 15, 2014 . Josiah Tattnall . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  53. Web site: John Milledge . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  54. Web site: Myers . Barton . September 15, 2014 . John Milledge . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  55. Web site: David Brydie Mitchell . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  56. Web site: Rohrer . Katherine E. . February 16, 2018 . David B. Mitchell . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  57. Web site: Peter Early . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  58. Web site: Hulett . Keith . May 14, 2013 . Peter Early . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  59. Web site: William Rabun . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  60. Web site: Luckett . Robert E. . May 14, 2013 . William Rabun . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  61. Web site: Matthew Talbot . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  62. Web site: John Clark . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  63. Web site: Floyd . Christopher J. . September 15, 2014 . John Clark . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  64. Web site: George Michael Troup . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  65. Web site: Saba . Natalie D. . September 11, 2014 . George Troup . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  66. Web site: John Forsyth . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  67. Web site: Luckett . Robert E. . September 15, 2014 . John Forsyth . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  68. Web site: George Rockingham Gilmer . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  69. Web site: Rohrer . Katherine E. . May 13, 2013 . George R. Gilmer . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  70. Web site: Wilson Lumpkin . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  71. Web site: Tate . Benjamin B. . September 25, 2014 . Wilson Lumpkin . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  72. Web site: William Schley . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  73. Web site: Brown . Russell K. . August 6, 2013 . William Schley . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  74. Web site: Charles James McDonald . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  75. Web site: Luckett . Robert E. . September 5, 2014 . Charles McDonald . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  76. Web site: George Walker Crawford . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  77. Web site: Summerlin . Donnie . December 9, 2013 . George W. Crawford . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  78. Web site: George Washington Towns . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  79. Web site: Hulett . Keith . August 20, 2013 . George W. Towns . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  80. Web site: Howell Cobb . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  81. Web site: Reid . R. L. . September 20, 2018 . Howell Cobb . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  82. Web site: Herschel Vespasian Johnson . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  83. Web site: Morgan . Chad . June 8, 2017 . Herschel Johnson . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  84. Web site: Joseph Emerson Brown . February 20, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  85. Web site: Boney . F. N. . September 30, 2020 . Joseph E. Brown . February 20, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  86. Web site: James Johnson . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  87. Web site: Davis . Matthew . November 12, 2019 . James Johnson . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  88. Web site: Charles Jones Jenkins . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  89. Web site: Brown . Russell K. . July 15, 2020 . Charles Jones Jenkins . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  90. Web site: Thomas Howard Ruger . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  91. Web site: Davis . Matthew . June 8, 2017 . Thomas Ruger . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  92. Web site: Rufus Brown Bullock . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  93. Web site: Duncan . Russell . June 8, 2017 . Rufus Bullock . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  94. Web site: Benjamin F. Conley . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  95. Web site: James Milton Smith . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  96. Web site: Hulett . Keith . September 29, 2020 . James M. Smith . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  97. Web site: Alfred Holt Colquitt . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  98. Web site: Myers . Barton . April 14, 2016 . Alfred H. Colquitt . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  99. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1877 sess., 45, accessed August 11, 2023
  100. Web site: Alexander Hamilton Stephens . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  101. Web site: Morgan . Chad . June 6, 2017 . Alexander Stephens . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  102. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1882 sess., 48, accessed August 11, 2023
  103. Web site: James Boynton . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  104. Web site: Henry Dickerson McDaniel . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  105. Web site: Luckett . Robert E. . July 23, 2018 . Henry McDaniel . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  106. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1883 sess., 20, accessed August 12, 2023
  107. Web site: John Brown Gordon . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  108. Web site: Groce . W. Todd . June 8, 2017 . John B. Gordon . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  109. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1886 sess., 101, accessed August 12, 2023
  110. Web site: William Jonathan Northen . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  111. Web site: Cater . Casey P. . March 11, 2020 . William J. Northen . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  112. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1890 sess., 95, accessed August 12, 2023
  113. Web site: William Yates Atkinson . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  114. Web site: Hulett . Keith . September 25, 2014 . William Y. Atkinson . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  115. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1894 sess., 68, accessed August 12, 2023
  116. Web site: Allen D. Candler . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  117. Web site: Luckett . Robert E. . March 20, 2021 . Allen D. Candler . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  118. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1898 sess., 93, accessed August 13, 2023
  119. Web site: Joseph Meriwether Terrell . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  120. Web site: Hulett . Keith . September 8, 2016 . Joseph M. Terrell . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  121. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1902 sess., 117, accessed August 13, 2023
  122. Web site: Hoke Smith . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  123. Web site: Maysilles . Duncan . November 10, 2021 . Hoke Smith . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  124. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1907 sess., 166, accessed August 13, 2023
  125. Web site: Joseph Mackey Brown . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  126. Web site: Myers . Barton . March 11, 2020 . Joseph M. Brown . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  127. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1909 sess., 218, accessed August 13, 2023
  128. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1911 sess., 203, accessed August 13, 2023
  129. Web site: John Marshall Slaton . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  130. Web site: Galloway . Tammy H. . September 15, 2014 . John M. Slaton . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  131. News: 1912-01-26 . Brown Inducted As Governor by Simple Service . 1 . The Atlanta Constitution . 2023-08-14.
  132. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1913 sess., 150, accessed August 14, 2023
  133. Web site: Nathaniel Edwin Harris . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
  134. Web site: Myers . Barton . May 14, 2013 . Nathaniel E. Harris . February 21, 2023 . New Georgia Encyclopedia.
  135. Georgia General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1915 sess., 245, accessed August 14, 2023
  136. Web site: Hugh Manson Dorsey . February 21, 2023 . National Governors Association.
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