List of extreme points of the United States explained

This is a list of points in the United States that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location in the country. Also included are extreme points in elevation, extreme distances and other points of peculiar geographic interest.

Northernmost points

Point Barrow, Alaska 71.3889°N -156.4792°W – northernmost point in the United States
Utqiaġvik, Alaska 71.2956°N -156.7664°W – northernmost incorporated place in all U.S. territory, population about 5,000
Fairbanks, Alaska 64.8397°N -147.7207°W – northernmost city of more than 20,000 residents, and northernmost incorporated city with public road access
Anchorage, Alaska 61.2178°N -149.8925°W – northernmost city of more than 100,000 residents
Juneau, Alaska 58.2991°N -134.4202°W – northernmost capital city in the United States
Northwest Angle Inlet in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota 49.3845°N -95.1534°W – northernmost point in the 48 contiguous states
Sumas, Washington 49.0024°N -122.2611°W – northernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states
Lynden, Washington 48.9453°N -122.4528°W – northernmost city of more than 10,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Bellingham, Washington 48.7553°N -122.4788°W – northernmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Everett, Washington 47.9781°N -122.2075°W – northernmost city of more than 100,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Spokane, Washington 47.6603°N -117.4236°W – northernmost city of more than 200,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Seattle, Washington 47.6038°N -122.3302°W – northernmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
Olympia, Washington 47.0378°N -122.9008°W – northernmost capital city in the 48 contiguous states
Chicago, Illinois 41.8839°N -87.6316°W – northernmost city of more than 1,000,000 residents in the United States
Alaska has the northernmost geographic center of all the states. North Dakota has the northernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

Southernmost points

Rose Atoll, American Samoa -14.5697°N -168.1528°W – southernmost point in the United States^[1]
Futiga, American Samoa -14.373°N -170.7597°W – southernmost town in the United States
Pago Pago, American Samoa -14.2738°N -170.7013°W – southernmost capital city in the United States
Palmyra Atoll, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands – southernmost point in all U.S. incorporated territory
San Juan, Puerto Rico 18.4656°N -66.1058°W – southernmost city of more than 250,000 residents in all U.S. territory
Ka Lae, Hawaii 18.9108°N -155.6811°W – southernmost point in the 50 states
Discovery Harbour, Hawaii 19.0342°N -155.6303°W - southernmost settlement in the 50 states
Nā'ālehu, Hawaii 19.0658°N -155.5875°W – southernmost town in the 50 states
Hilo, Hawaii 19.6994°N -155.0808°W – southernmost place with a population over 25,000 in the 50 states
City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii 21.3053°N -157.8569°W – southernmost U.S. state capital and southernmost incorporated place in the 50 states (Hawaii's only incorporated place)
Western Dry Rocks, Florida Keys, Florida 24.4467°N -136.6°W – southernmost point in the 48 contiguous states occasionally above water at low tide
Ballast Key, Florida 24.5208°N -81.9636°W – southernmost point in the 48 contiguous states continuously above water
Key West, Florida 24.5441°N -81.8049°W – southernmost incorporated place in the contiguous 48 states
Cape Sable, Florida 25.1183°N -81.0864°W – southernmost point on the U.S. mainland
Florida City, Florida 25.4483°N -80.4825°W – southernmost municipality in the contiguous U.S.
Miami, Florida 25.7278°N -80.2339°W – southernmost major metropolitan city in the 48 contiguous states
Cameron County, Texas 25.8374°N -97.3944°W – southernmost point on the Mexico–United States border.
San Antonio, Texas 29.4724°N -98.5251°W – southernmost city of more than 1,000,000 residents in the United States
Austin, Texas 30.2672°N -97.7431°W – southernmost capital city in the 48 contiguous states
Hawaii has the southernmost geographic center of all the states. Florida has the southernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

Easternmost points

Point Udall, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 17.7553°N -64.565°W – easternmost point in the United States, by direction of travel
Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands 17.7482°N -64.7168°W – easternmost town in the United States, by direction of travel
Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands 18.3407°N -64.9311°W – easternmost capital city in the United States, by direction of travel
San Juan, Puerto Rico 18.4655°N -66.1057°W – easternmost major city of more than 250,000 residents in all U.S. territory
Sail Rock, Lubec, Maine 44.8126°N -66.947°W – easternmost point in the 50 states, by direction of travel and easternmost incorporated place in the 50 states
West Quoddy Head, Maine 44.8154°N -66.9498°W – easternmost point on the U.S. mainland
Bangor, Maine 44.8217°N -111.1°W – easternmost city of more than 20,000 residents in the 50 states
Augusta, Maine 44.307°N -69.782°W – easternmost U.S. state capital
Portland, Maine 43.7°N -75.2°W – easternmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 50 states
Boston, Massachusetts 42.332°N -71.0202°W – easternmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
New York City, New York 40.6635°N -73.9387°W – easternmost city of more than 1,000,000 residents in the United States
Pochnoi Point, Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska 51.9617°N 179.7731°W – easternmost point in all U.S. territory by longitude
Peacock Point, Wake Island 19.2703°N 166.6573°W – first sunrise (at equinox) in all U.S. territory
Northern Islands Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands 16.0271°N 146.0645°W – easternmost municipality in all U.S. territory, by longitude
Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands 15.1833°N 190°W – easternmost capital city in the United States, by longitude
Maine has the easternmost geographic center of the 50 states.

Westernmost points

Point Udall, Santa Rita, Guam (13.4475°N 144.6182°W) – westernmost point and westernmost town in the United States, by direction of travel
Hagåtña, Guam 13.4773°N 144.7472°W – westernmost capital city in the United States, by direction of travel
Peaked Island, offshore from Cape Wrangell, Attu Island, Alaska 52.9206°N 172.4378°W – westernmost point in the 50 states by direction of travel, and last sunset (at equinox) in all U.S. territories. West of it passes the International Date Line, after which come Russian territorial islands.
Amatignak Island, Alaska 51.2686°N -179.1486°W – westernmost point in all U.S. territories by longitude
Adak, Alaska 51.8224°N -176.7147°W – westernmost incorporated city in the 50 states
Pago Pago, American Samoa -14.2794°N -170.7006°W – westernmost capital city in the United States, by longitude
Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska 65.6422°N -168.1189°W – westernmost point on the North American continent
Unalaska, Alaska 53.889°N -166.5272°W – westernmost city of more than 2,500 residents in the 50 states
Honolulu, Hawaii 21.3069°N -157.8583°W – westernmost U.S. state capital
Anchor Point, Alaska (59.7725°N -151.8673°W) – westernmost point on the continuous road system of North America^[2]
Umatilla Reef, offshore from Cape Alava, Washington 48.185°N -171.1°W – westernmost point in the 48 contiguous states occasionally above water at low tide
Bodelteh Islands, offshore from Cape Alava, Washington 48.1785°N -124.7717°W – westernmost point in the 48 contiguous states continuously above water
Cape Alava, Washington 48.1642°N -124.7331°W – westernmost point on the U.S. mainland (contiguous)
Neah Bay, Washington 48.3656°N -124.6156°W – westernmost town in the 48 contiguous states
Port Orford, Oregon 42.7541°N -124.5126°W – westernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states
Brookings, Oregon 42.0553°N -124.2875°W – westernmost city of more than 5,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Coos Bay, Oregon 43.3681°N -124.2174°W – westernmost city of more than 10,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Eureka, California 40.7717°N -136.2°W – westernmost city of more than 25,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Corvallis, Oregon 44.5433°N -143.2°W – westernmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Eugene, Oregon 44.085°N -135.5°W – westernmost city of more than 100,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Salem, Oregon 44.9392°N -123.0394°W – westernmost capital city in the 48 contiguous states
Portland, Oregon 45.5917°N -172.2°W – westernmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
San Jose, California 37.4483°N -124.8°W – westernmost city of more than 1,000,000 residents in the United States
Hawaii has the westernmost geographic center of all the states. Oregon has the westernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.
Diomede, Alaska, Little Diomede Island 65.7583°N -225.2°W - closest town to Russia Big Diomede

Interpretation of easternmost and westernmost

There are three methods for reckoning the eastern and western extremes of the United States.

One method is to use the Prime Meridian as the dividing line between east and west. This meridian running through Greenwich, London, is defined as zero degrees longitude and could be called the least eastern and least western place in the world. The 180th meridian, on the opposite side of the globe, is therefore the easternmost and westernmost place in the world.

Another method is to use the International Date Line as the easternmost–westernmost extreme. On the equinox, the easternmost place would be where the day first begins, and the westernmost is where the day last ends.

Still another method is to first determine the geographic center of the country and from there measure the shortest distance to every other point. All U.S. territory is spread across less than 180° of longitude, so from any spot in the U.S. it is more direct to reach the easternmost point, Point Udall, U.S. Virgin Islands, by traveling east than by traveling west. Likewise, there is not a single point in U.S. territory from which heading east is a shorter route to the westernmost point, Point Udall, Guam, than heading west would be, even accounting for circumpolar routes. The two different Point Udalls are named for two different men: Mo Udall (Guam) and Stewart Udall (Virgin Islands), brothers from the Udall family of Arizona who both served as U.S. Congressmen.^[3]

Highest points

Denali, Alaska 63.0692°N -151.0064°W – highest summit in the United States, all US territories, and North America at 6190.5m (20,310feet) (known as Mount McKinley from 1896 to 2015) ^[4]
Mount Whitney,^[5] ^[6] California 36.5786°N -118.2919°W – highest point in the 48 contiguous states at 14505feet
Grays Peak,^[7] Colorado 39.6336°N -105.8175°W – highest point on the Continental Divide of North America at 14270feet
Mauna Kea,^[8] Hawaiʻi 19.8206°N -155.4681°W – highest island summit in all U.S. territory and the entire Pacific Ocean at 13796feet
Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico 36.5978°N -105.445°W – highest village limits in all U.S. territory at 12581feet (No residents of Taos Ski Valley live above)^[9]
Winter Park, Colorado 39.8928°N -105.7619°W – highest city limits in all U.S. territory at 12060feet (No residents of Winter Park live above)
San Juan County, Colorado 37.8167°N -147°W – highest U.S. county based on a mean elevation (11240feet)
Alma, Colorado 39.2839°N -106.0628°W – highest town in all U.S. territory at 10355feet; contiguous residential areas extend to 11680feet.
Leadville, Colorado 39.2472°N -106.2917°W – highest city in all U.S. territory at 10152feet. (No residents of Leadville live above)
Woodland Park, Colorado 38.9983°N -105.0564°W – highest city of more than 5,000 residents in all U.S. territory at 8465feet.
Laramie, Wyoming 41.3111°N -105.5936°W – highest city of more than 10,000 residents in all U.S. territory at 7165feet.
Santa Fe, New Mexico 35.6672°N -105.9644°W – highest city of more than 50,000 residents and highest capital city in all U.S. territory at 6989feet.
Colorado Springs, Colorado 38.8339°N -104.8253°W – highest city of more than 100,000 residents in all U.S. territory at 6035feet.
Denver, Colorado 39.7619°N -104.8811°W – highest major city of more than 500,000 residents in all U.S. territory at 5280feet.
Phoenix, Arizona 33.4483°N -112.0739°W – highest major city of more than 1,000,000 residents in all U.S. territory at 1085feet.
Lake County Airport, Colorado 39.2203°N -106.3167°W – highest airfield in all U.S. territory and North America at 9927feet
New Mexico State Capitol, Santa Fe 35.6822°N -105.9397°W – highest state capitol in the United States at 7005feet
Colorado 39°N -135°W – highest U.S. state based on an average elevation of 6800feet
Mount Mitchell, North Carolina 35.7647°N -82.265°W – highest point in eastern United States at 6684feet
Mount Washington, New Hampshire 44.2703°N -71.3033°W – highest point in northeastern United States at 6288feet
Arikaree River, Yuma County, Colorado at Kansas state line 39.9783°N -102.0517°W – highest U.S. state low point at 3317feet
Beech Mountain, North Carolina 36.2064°N -81.8831°W – highest incorporated community east of the Mississippi River at an elevation of 5,506 feet (1,678 m).
Boone, North Carolina – highest elevation (3,333 feet, 1015.9 m) east of the Mississippi River of any town of its size (over 10,000 population).
Eisenhower Tunnel, west of Denver, Colorado 39.6785°N -105.92°W – highest point on the Interstate Highway System, at .

Lowest points

Badwater Basin, Death Valley, California, 36.2397°N -116.8347°W – lowest surface point in all U.S. territory and North America, at -85m (-279feet)^[10]
Salton Sea, California, 33.3331°N -115.8342°W – lowest lake in all U.S. territory and North America, at -226feet
Furnace Creek Airport, California 36.4639°N -116.8814°W – lowest airfield in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at -210feet
Furnace Creek, California, 36.4581°N -116.8708°W – lowest settlement in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at -190feet
Calipatria, California, 33.1256°N -115.5142°W – lowest city in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at -184feet
9th Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana, 30.0444°N -89.9464°W – lowest surface point in eastern United States, at -7feet
New Orleans, Louisiana, 29.9667°N -93°W – lowest city over 250,000 population in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, with an average elevation of -1.5feet
Delaware – lowest state, with an average elevation of 60feet
Britton Hill, Florida, 30.9883°N -86.2819°W – lowest state high point, at 345feet
Lake Superior bottom, Michigan, 46.9086°N -86.5978°W – lowest freshwater point in all U.S. territory, at -732feet
Puget Sound bottom, Washington, 47.7483°N -147.7°W – lowest seawater point in the interior of the United States, at -956feet

Other points

Geographic center of the 50 states

approximately 20miles north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota, 44.9667°N -149°W

Geographic center of the 48 contiguous states

approximately 4miles west of Lebanon, Kansas, 39.8333°N -133°W

The geographic center of North America is at 48.1667°N -110°W, about 6miles west of Balta, in Pierce County, North Dakota.^[11]
Closest to the equator: Baker Island is at 0.1947°N -176.4794°W.^[12] ^[13]
Most remote point in the 50 states: Ipnavik River, National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska, 68.75°N -197°W; 120miles from nearest habitation.
The North American pole of inaccessibility (distant from ocean access) is at 43.3667°N -159°W, about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of the town of Kyle, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, in Bennett County, South Dakota, 1025miles from the nearest coastline.
The southwesternmost point of the contiguous United States is Border Field State Park, California.^[14]
The northwesternmost point of the contiguous United States is Cape Flattery, Washington.^[15]
The northeasternmost point of the contiguous United States is Van Buren, Maine, 47.2357°N -69.233°W ^[16]

Islands

Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi 19.8208°N -155.4681°W – most extensive island in all U.S. territory at 4028sqmi and tallest island in all U.S. territory and the entire Pacific Ocean at 13796feet.
Kodiak Island, Alaska 57.4667°N -179°W – most extensive Gulf of Alaska island at 3595.09sqmi.
Island of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico 18.25°N -96°W – most extensive island of U.S. Caribbean territory at 3515.1sqmi.
Prince of Wales Island, Alaska 55.6319°N -132.9075°W – most extensive island of the Alexander Archipelago at 2577sqmi.
Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska 63.415°N -170.3994°W – most extensive Bering Sea island at 1791.56sqmi.
Unimak Island, Alaska 54.7683°N -164.1867°W – most extensive Aleutian island at 1571.41sqmi.
Long Island, New York 40.8694°N -73°W – most extensive island of the U.S. Atlantic coast at 1401sqmi.
Padre Island, Texas 26.8444°N -97.3678°W – most extensive Gulf of Mexico island at 209sqmi and longest barrier island on Earth at 113miles.
Isle Royale in Lake Superior, Michigan 48°N -143°W – most extensive island in a lake in all U.S. territory at 206.73sqmi.
Whidbey Island, Washington 48.1364°N -122.5825°W – most extensive island of Puget Sound at 168.67sqmi.
Santa Cruz Island, California 34.0036°N -119.7264°W – most extensive of the Channel Islands of California at 97sqmi.
The most remote islands in the United States are within the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands (namely, islands such as Palmyra Atoll and Johnston Atoll).^[17] ^[18]

Lakes

Lake Michigan-Huron 45.8°N -129°W – largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, at 45300sqmi, of which 31507sqmi is within the United States.
Lake Superior 47.7°N -117°W – Lying along the Canada–United States border, it is the second largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, at 31,700 sq mi (82,100 km²), of which 53350km2 is within the United States.^[19] It is also North America's largest lake by volume, at 2,900 cu mi (12,000 km³); it is commonly called the largest lake by surface area when Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are not considered one lake.
Great Salt Lake, Utah, 41.1667°N -147°W – most extensive endorheic lake, at 1700sqmi.
Crater Lake, Oregon, 42.95°N -127°W – deepest lake, at 1943feet.^[20]
Pacific Tarn, Colorado, 39.4197°N -106.1197°W – Highest elevation lake at 13420feet.^[21]

Rivers

Mississippi River 29.1511°N -89.2533°W – most extensive river basin at 1151000sqmi.
Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson Rivers 29.1511°N -89.2533°W – longest river system at 3902miles.
Missouri River 38.8136°N -90.1197°W – longest main stem river at 2341miles.
Mississippi River 29.1511°N -89.2533°W – longest Gulf of Mexico main stem river at 2202miles.
Yukon River 62.5986°N -164.7944°W – longest Bering Sea main stem river at 1979miles.
Colorado River 31.8158°N -114.8061°W – longest Gulf of California main stem river at 1450miles.
Columbia River 46.2442°N -124.0581°W – longest Pacific Ocean main stem river at 1243miles.
Saint Lawrence River 49.6667°N -94°W – longest Atlantic Ocean main stem river at 600miles.
Bear River 41.4583°N -112.2903°W – longest endorheic basin main stem river at 491miles.

Extreme distances

Greatest east–west distance in the 48 contiguous states: 2,800 miles (4,500 km)
Greatest north–south distance in the 48 contiguous states: 1,650 miles (2,660 km).^[22]
Greatest distance between any two points in U.S. territory: 9514miles, from Point Udall, Guam, to Point Udall, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (formerly known as Orote Point and East Point, respectively).^[23]
Greatest distance between any two points in the 50 states: 5859miles, from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Log Point, Elliott Key, Florida.
Greatest distance between any two points in the contiguous 48 states: 2901miles, from North Farallon Island, California, to Sail Rock, east of West Quoddy Head, Maine.
Greatest driving distance between any US territory in contiguous lower 48 states (via US highway system): 3689miles, from Fort Zachary Taylor, Key West, Florida, to Cape Flattery, Washington.
Greatest distance between any two mainland points in the contiguous 48 states (linear distance): 2892miles, from Point Arena, California, to West Quoddy Head, Maine.
Greatest east–west distance in U.S. territory [?]: 5823miles, from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Riviera Beach, Florida.

Some map projections make diagonal lines appear longer than they actually are. The diagonal line from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to West Quoddy Head, Maine, is 5797miles; and the diagonal from Cape Wrangell, Attu Island, Alaska, to Log Point, on Elliott Key, Florida, is 5505miles.

Notes and References

Web site: National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. NOAA.gov. July 3, 2020. July 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200704005057/https://americansamoa.noaa.gov/about/location.html. live.
Book: The Milepost. 2009. 61. 626. 978-1892-15426-2.
Book: Life and times of Morris K. Udall . Donald Winslow Carson . James W. Johnson . University of Arizona Press . 2001 . 0-8165-2049-6 . 220 .
New Elevation for Nation's Highest Peak . USGS . Mark Newell . Blaine Horner . September 2, 2015 . September 26, 2015 . September 27, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150927194328/http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-elevation-for-nations-highest-peak/?from=title . live .
Web site: Mount Whitney . NGS Station Datasheet . . September 9, 2012 . August 29, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140829191221/http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=GT1811 . live .
Web site: Mount Whitney . Peakbagger.com . September 9, 2012 . April 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150410084117/http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 . live .
Web site: Grays Peak. Peakbagger.com. June 21, 2016. March 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191952/http://peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=5664. live.
Web site: Mauna Kea. Peakbagger.com. April 1, 2012. October 23, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151023232225/http://peakbagger.com/Peak.aspx?pid=11909. live.
Web site: About Taos Ski Valley. Taos Ski Valley Chamber of Commerce. February 29, 2012. February 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120224105801/http://www.taosskivalley.com/pages/about-the-area/About-Taos-Ski-Valley/. dead.
Web site: USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 meter Downloadable Data Collection from The National Map 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) - National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) National Elevation Data Set (NED). United States Geological Survey. September 21, 2015. September 22, 2015. March 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190325085854/https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/usgs-national-elevation-dataset-ned-1-meter-downloadable-data-collection-from-the-national-map-. dead.
Web site: Kinda-Sorta Stand at the Center of North America in This North Dakota Town. Jaunted. 20 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150521095324/http://www.jaunted.com/story/2014/4/2/102926/6498/travel/Kinda-Sorta+Stand+at+the+Center+of+North+America+in+This+North+Dakota+Town+. 21 May 2015.
1392997. Baker Island. February 24, 2009.
Web site: CIA World Factbook: Jarvis Island. July 3, 2009. CIA World Factbook. https://web.archive.org/web/20060908234411/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2003/geos/dq.html#Geo. September 8, 2006. dead.
News: The Canyoneers . 1 June 2016 . No bay at Border Field State Park for about 7000 years . San Diego Reader . 6 April 2017 . April 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170407144858/http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2016/jun/01/roam-border-field-state-park/ . live .
News: Binkowski . Brooke . 8 October 2012 . Friendship Park — A Link Between Two Countries — Opens Again . KPBS . San Diego . 6 April 2017 . San Diego's Friendship Park, or Border Field State Park, is tucked into the extreme southwest corner of the United States and the extreme northwest of Mexico, with fields on the U.S. side, the city of Tijuana on the other, and the blue Pacific Ocean to the west. . December 23, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102622/http://www.kpbs.org/news/2012/oct/08/friendship-park-link-two-countries-opens-again/ . live .
Web site: Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan . August 2010 . Office of Coastal Management . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 6 April 2017 . November 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108165405/https://coast.noaa.gov/data/docs/nerrs/Reserves_TJR_MgmtPlan.pdf . live .
Book: National Geographic Society (U. S.). National Geographic. Guide to Scenic Highways & Byways. 2013. National Geographic. 978-1-4262-1014-3. 4.
Book: Victoriah Arsenian. Moon Pacific Coast Highway Road Trip: California, Oregon & Washington. 22 December 2015. Avalon Publishing. 978-1-63121-029-7. 69.
Web site: Administrator. The Northeasternmost Point of the U.S. - ExtremeGeographer.com. 2022-01-19. www.extremegeographer.com. en-gb. January 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119015827/https://www.extremegeographer.com/the-16-extreme-compass-points/northeasternmost-point-of-us. live.
Web site: Palmyra Atoll: Plan Your Visit. FWS.gov. July 3, 2020. July 3, 2020. December 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211205113855/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Palmyra_Atoll/visit/plan_your_visit.html. dead.
Web site: Corrective Action At Johnston Atoll. EPA.gov. July 3, 2020. July 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200703225051/https://www.epa.gov/pi/corrective-action-johnston-atoll. live.
Encyclopedia: Lake Superior. The Canadian Encyclopedia. James H.. Marsh. February 7, 2006. August 22, 2017. August 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170829123203/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lake-superior/. live.
Web site: Park Map Viewer. Nps.gov. 2 October 2018. August 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110817073708/http://www.nps.gov/pwr/customcf/apps/maps/showmap.cfm?alphacode=crla&parkname=Crater+Lake+National+Park. live.
Web site: Pacific Tarn. 30 April 2023.
Web site: Geography of the United States. Geography.howstuffworks.com. 21 September 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130925052931/http://geography.howstuffworks.com/united-states/geography-of-united-states1.htm. 25 September 2013.
Web site: Elevations and Distances. Eastern Region Geography, Information. Services. Pubs.usgs.gov. 2 October 2018. July 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170709095932/https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html. live.