By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Ethnicity! style="width:25%" | Language(s) | Primary homeland | Subgroups, tribes & castes | Religion(s) |
|---|
| ǃKung | Kxʼa → ǃKung | Namibia (Kalahari Desert) | | Animism |
| Abagusii | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii | Kenya (Kisii County) | | Christianity, Traditional African religion |
| Abazins | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abaza | Russia (Abazinia) | Significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Abelam | | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) | | Christianity |
| Abenaki | Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, formerly Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki | Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont) | | Abenaki religion |
| Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz | Georgia (Abkhazia)[1] | Sadz, Afro-Abkhazians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Abkhazian Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Austronesian → Chamic → Acehnese | Indonesia (Aceh) | Significant populations in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Achagua | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Achagua | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela | | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
| | South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland) | | Christianity |
| Adi Jambava | | India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka) | | Hinduism |
| Adjoukrou | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru | Ivory Coast (Dabou) | | Christianity |
| Afar | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Afar | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria) | | Islam |
| Afemai | Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai | Nigeria (Edo State) | | Christianity |
| Afghan Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Afghan Tatar; Indo-European → Iranian → Dari, Pashto; Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek; Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen | Afghanistan (Afghan Turkestan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi |
| African-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole; Indo-European → English Creole → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign | United States, Mexico (Coahuila) | Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Freedmen (including Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Cherokee Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen), Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, along with significant populations in France, Africa (including Ghana), Israel, and Canada | Christianity → Protestantism → Black church; Hoodoo; Islam |
| Afrikaners | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | South Africa | Boers, Afrikaner-Jews | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Afro-Argentines | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Argentinian Spanish | Argentina | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Afro-Brazilians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Indo-European → Romance → Cafundo | Brazil | Zambo | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Afro-Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey | | Islam |
| Afro-Virgin Islanders | Indo-European → English-based creoles → Virgin Islands Creole; formerly Indo-European → Zeelandic-based creoles → Negerhollands | Virgin Islands (United Kingdom, United States), SSS islands (Netherlands, France) | | Christianity |
| Agaw | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Agaw[2] | Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)[3] | Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Aghuls | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Aghul | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam[4] |
| Ahiarmiut | Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuktitut → Ahiarmiut[5] | Canada (Kivalliq Region) | | |
| Ahoms | Kra–Dai → Tai → Ahom[6] | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh) | | Hinduism, Ahom religion |
| Aikana | Aikana language | Brazil (Rondonia) | | Animism |
| Aimaq | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Aimaq | Afghanistan | Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Aimaq Kipchaks, Timuri, Taymani | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ainus | Ainu → Hokkaido Ainu; formerly Ainu → Sakhalin Ainu, Kuril Ainu | Japan (Hokkaido, Tōhoku region), Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula, Khabarovsk Krai), Kuril Islands (Russia or Japan) | Hokkaido Ainus (including Ishikari Ainus, Menasunkur Ainus, Sumunkur Ainus, and Uchiura Ainus), Tokyo Ainus, Sakhalin Ainus, Russian Ainus | Animism → Ainu folk religion; Buddhism → Nichiren Shōshū; Shinto; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
| Aja | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja | Benin, Togo | | West African Vodun |
| Aka | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka | Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo | | Traditional Aka religion[7] |
| Akans | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano,[8] Avikam–Alladian, Potou, Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega;[9] Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign; Adamorobe Sign; Nanabin Sign | Ghana (Gold Coast)[10] | Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa | Christianity |
| Akha | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Akha | China (Pu'er and Xishuangbanna)[11] | Akeu | Animism |
| Akhvakhs | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Akhvakh | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam |
| Akie | Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie, Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai[12] | Tanzania (Manyara Region) | | Traditional Akie religion[13] |
| Alabamas | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama | United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation) | | Christianity → Protestantism; Ethnic religion |
| Alavi Bohras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India (Gujarat) | | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism |
| Albanians | Indo-European → Albanoid → Albanian, Albanian Sign Language, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign Language | Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia (Ilirida), Greece, Serbia (Preševo Valley), Croatia (Zadar County) Italy (Southern Italy), Bulgaria (Mandritsa) | Ghegs (including Arbanasi and Kosovars), Tosks (including Arbereshe, Cham Albanians, Arvanites, Lab Albanians), along with significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, Syria, France, the United Kingdom Italy, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Nordic countries, Switzerland, Greece (including Western Thrace), Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Australia, Canada, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Sufism → Bektashism, Christianity |
| Aleuts | Eskaleut → Aleut | Aleutian Islands (United States, Russia) | Agdaagux Tribe | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Altaians | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai, Northern Altai | Russia (Altai Republic and Altai Krai), Mongolia (Altai Mountains), China (Altay Prefecture) | | Altai faith |
| Alur | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur | Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province) | | Christianity |
| Alutiiq | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq | United States (Alaska) | Chugach | Christianity |
| Alyutors | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Alyutor | Russia (Koryak Okrug) | | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Ambonese | Austronesian → Malayic → Ambonese Malay | Indonesia (Ambon Island) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Ambundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu | Angola | | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Amdang | Furan → Amdang | Sudan (West Darfur), Chad (Wadi Fira) | | Islam |
| Americo-Liberians | Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa)
English (adopted language)
English → Merico
English → Liberian Kreyol | Liberia | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Amhara | | Ethiopia (Amharia) | | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Amis | Austronesian → Formosan → Amis | Taiwan (Taitung and Hualien Counties) | | Animism, Christianity |
| Amish | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch, Alemannic German → Alsatian | United States (Pennsylvania) | Old Order Amish (including Swiss Amish, Nebraska Amish, Swartzentruber Amish, Buchanan Amish, Andy Weaver Amish, Troyer Amish, Byler Amish, Renno Amish, Holmes Old Order Amish, Elkhart-LaGrange Amish, Lancaster Amish, Tobe Amish, and Michigan Amish), New Order Amish, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), Para-Amish groups (including Lobelville Believers in Christ, Le Roy Plain Community, Manton Plain Community, Ghent Plain Community, Christian Communities, Vernon Community, Caneyville Christian Community) | Christianity → Anabaptism |
| Amung | Trans-New Guinea → Amung | Indonesia (Mimika, Puncak) | | Christianity |
| Andis | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Andi | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam |
| Aneuk Jamee | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau → Aneuk Jamee[14] | Indonesia (Aceh) | | Islam |
| Anglo Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Caribbean English → English-based creoles | Anguila, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, San Andres y Providencia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands | Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans, Afro-Bahamians, Afro-Barbadians, Afro-Bermudians, Afro-Dominicans, Afro-Grenadians, Afro-Guyanese, Afro-Jamaicans, Afro-Kittitians and Nevisians, Afro-Saint Lucians, Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians, Afro-Vincentians, Belizean Creole, Raizal | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist; Catholicism |
| Anglo-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign | United States of America | New England Americans, Middle Atlantic Americans, Midwestern Americans, Southern Americans, Western Americans | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism |
| Anglo-Burmese | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Burmese, Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Karenic → Karen | Myanmar | Significant population in Western Australia | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism; Buddhism |
| Anglo-Canadians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign | Canada | Ontarians, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitobans, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism |
| Anglo-Celtic Australians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia | | Christianity |
| Anglo-Indians | Indo-Europeans → Germanic → English | India | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Bangladesh | Christianity |
| Anglo-Irish | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Hiberno-English; Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign; BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign | Ireland | | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
| Anglo-New Zealanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → New Zealand English | New Zealand | | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
| Angu | Trans-New Guinea → Angan | Papua New Guinea (Kratke Range) | | Animism |
| Antiochian Greek Christians | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic, historically Indo-European → Hellenic | Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Turkey) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism |
| Anuak | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak | Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (lanBoma) | | Christianity |
| Apache | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean[15] | United States (Apacheria) | Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache | Native American religions → Native American Church |
| Apanyekra | Macro-Je → Je → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region) | | Ethnic religion |
| Apinajé | Macro-Je → Je → Apinayé | Brazil (Tocantins) | | Animism |
| Arabs | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Arabic, Arab Sign, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Sicilian Arabic and Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Shirvani Arabic | Arabian Peninsula[16] and Syrian Desert[17] | Bedouins (including Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins, Negev Bedouins (including Al-Sayyid Bedouins and Hanajira), Galilee Bedouins, Ta'amreh), Tarabin Bedouins, Bedul, Liyathnah), Israeli Arabs, Palestinians (including Palestinian Christians, Palestinian Baháʼís, Palestinian Muslims (including Palestinian Metawalis), Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins), and Afro-Palestinians), Egyptian Arabs, Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Iranian Arabs (including Khuzestani Arabs, Khorasani Arabs, Huwalas, and Khamseh Arabs), Sudanese Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arab Christians[18] (including Antiochians, Jerusalemites, and Alexandrians), Alawites, Druze,[19] Hadharem, Mhallami, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs, Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-Persians, Arab-Berbers, with diaspora populations (including the Palestinian diaspora) in Europe (including the United Kingdom, the Caucasus, Sweden, Spain), Turkey, Pakistan (including Palestinians), India, Colombia, Chile (including Palestinians), Nicaragua, Brazil (including Palestinians), Mexico (including Palestinians), Venezuela, the United States (including Palestinians), Canada, Haiti (including Palestinians), Cuba, El Salvador (including Palestinians), Australia (including Palestinians), New Zealand, Singapore | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism |
| Aragonese | Indo-European → Romance → Aragonese, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Spain (Aragon) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Arameans (Syriacs) | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic | Syria (Qalamoun Mountains), Israel | Israeli Arameans | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity |
| Aranadans | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Eranadan | India (Kerala) | | |
| Arapaho | Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho | United States (Colorado, Wyoming) | | Christianity, Native American Church |
| Arará | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Cuban Spanish | Cuba | | Animism |
| Argobba | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba[20] | Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Armenians | Indo-European → Armenian, Northwest Caucasian → Circassian, Armenian Sign language, formerly Harsneren language, Turkic → Kipchak → Armeno-Kipchak | Armenian highlands (Armenia, Turkey (Western Armenia)),[21] Azerbaijan | Turkish Armenians (including Armenians in Istanbul, Hemshin, and Hidden Armenians), Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Zoks, Hayhurum, Karabakhis and historically Udis and Turkic peoples who adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with significant populations in Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Serbia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine (including Crimea), Cyprus, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Spain, the United Kingdom Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Georgia (including Samtskhe–Javakheti, Abkhazia, and Tbilisi), Azerbaijan, (including Baku), Egypt, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Ethiopia, China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Singapore, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Israel, Palestine, the Netherlands, and Germany | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Armenian Catholicism |
| Aromanians | Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian | Balkans (Greece, Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania) | Significant populations in Greece, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and North Macedonia, along with diaspora populations | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Arrernte | Pama-Nyungan → Arandic → Arrernte | Australia (Arrernte Land) | | Alcheringa |
| Ashkali | Indo-European → Albanian | Kosovo | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Asmat | Trans–New Guinea → Asmat–Kamrau → Asmat | South Papua | | Christianity |
| Assamese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Assamese | India (Assam) | Assamese Brahmins, Kalitas, Kaibartas, Assamese Muslims, Chutias | Hinduism |
| Assiniboine | Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine | Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana) | Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi | Traditional Assiniboine religion |
| Assyrians | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic[22] | Assyria (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey)[23] | Iraqi Assyrians, Turkish Assyrians, Syrian Assyrians and Iranian Assyrians. Groupings include Chaldean Assyrians from Nineveh and Bohtan, Syriac Assyrians from Tur Abdin, Citadel Christians, Hakkari and Urmia tribes including; Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Tkhuma, Nochiya, along with significant populations in Armenia, Lebanon, Israel, Georgia, Jordan, the State of Palestine, the Netherlands, Austria, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Russia, Belgium, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Sweden, Mexico, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uruguay, Argentina, | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity |
| Asturians | Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese → Asturian, Indo-European → Romance → Galician and Asturleonese → Eonavian[24] | Spain (Asturias) | Eonavians | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Asurs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Asur–Birjia | India (Bihar, Jharkhand) | Bir, Asur, Birjia, Agaria | Animism and Hinduism → Asur religion |
| Atacama | Kunza | Chile (Atacama Desert, Altiplano), Argentina (Altiplano), Bolivia (Antofagasta Region) | | Inca Religion |
| Austronesian → Formosan → Atayal; Japonic → Japanese-based creoles → Yilan Creole Japanese | Taiwan | | Animism, Christianity |
| Ati | Ati language | Western Visayas | | Animism, Christianity |
| Atikamekw | Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw | Canada (Nitaskinan) | | Christianity→ Roman Catholicism, Ethnic religion |
| Atoni | Austronesian → Timoric → Uab Meto | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor (Oecusse) | Amarasi | Christianity |
| Atyap | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap | Nigeria (Kaduna State) | | Christianity |
| Austral Islanders | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Austral | France (Austral Islands) | | Christianity |
| Austrians | Indo-European → Germanic → Bavarian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Austrian Sign | Austria | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Avars | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Avar, Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Archi | Russia (Dagestan) | Archis | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Awa | Barbacoan → Awan → Awa | Colombia (Narino), Ecuador (Carchi) | | Christianity |
| Awadhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Awadhi | India (Awadh) | Barhai | Hinduism |
| Aymara | Aymaran → Aymara | | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Aynu | Turkic and Indo-European → Karluk and Iranian → Uyghur and Persian → Aynu, Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | China (Xinjiang) | | Islam → Alevism |
| Azerbaijanis | Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri | Azerbaijan, Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan) | Ayrums, Baharlu, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Kuresunni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Terekeme, Yeraz, Afshar (including Javanshir Qizilbash), Iranian Azeris, along with significant populations in Georgia, Russia, and historically Armenia | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Babur and Bura | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Bura | Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State) | Babur, Bura | Islam |
| Badagas | Dravidian → Badaga–Kannada → Badaga | India (Nilgiris district) | | Hinduism |
| Bagirmi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi language | Chad (Chari-Baguirmi) | | Islam → Folk Islam |
| Bagvalals | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Bagvalal | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Baining | East New Britain → Baining | Papua New Guinea (Gazelle Peninsula) | | Christianity, Pomio Kivung |
| Baharna | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Bahrani Arabic | Bahrain | Significant population in Kuwait | |
| Bahnar | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Bahnar | Vietnam (Central Highlands) | | Animism |
| Bai | Sino-Tibetan → Macro-Bai → Bai | China (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Bijie, Sangzhi County) | | Buddhism, Benzhuism, Daoism |
| Bakarwal | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari → Bakarwal | India or Pakistan (Kashmir) | | Islam |
| Bakossi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose | Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Balanta | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia | | Traditional African religions |
| Balinese | Austronesian → Balinese | Indonesia (Bali) | Bali Aga | Hinduism → Balinese Hinduism |
| Balkars | Turkic → Kipchak → Balkar | Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Balochs | Indo-European → Iranian → Balochi | Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan), Afghanistan (Balochistan)) | Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jamali, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, Kunara, Langhani, Lango, Lashkrani, Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, Mirali, Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, Nothazai, Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, Sadozai, Sethwi, Shaikhzadah, Talpur, Tauki, Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates (including Al Balushi) and Turkmenistan | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Balondo-ba-Konja | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo | Cameroon | | Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion |
| Balti | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Balti | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) | | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Bamars | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese | Myanmar | Taungyo, Yaw, Intha, Danu, Anglo-Burmese | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Burmese folk religion |
| Bambara | | Mali | | Islam |
| Bamileke | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke | Cameroon (West and Northwest regions) | Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba | Christianity |
| Bamum | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum | Cameroon (West Region) | | Islam |
| Banda | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda | Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda | Christianity |
| Bangweulu Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands) | | Traditional African Religion |
| Baniwa | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Karu | Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas) | | Traditional religion
- Christianity → Catholicism
|
| Banjara | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Lambadi | India (Mewar) | | Hinduism |
| Banjarese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banjarese | Indonesia (South Kalimantan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Baraks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey (Manbij Plain and neighboring regions), Syria (Jarabulus Subdistrict) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Bari | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari | South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda | Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku | Christianity |
| Bariba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba | Borgu (Benin, Nigeria) | | Islam |
| Bashkirs | Turkic → Kipchak → Bashkir | Russia (Bashkortostan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Basques | Basque[25] | Basque Country (Spain, France) | Navarreans, Alavans, Biscayans, Gipuzkoans, Northern Basques, along with significant populations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and Uruguay | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa | Liberia (Bassaland) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
| Basters | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans | Namibia | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Batak | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Batak | Indonesia (North Sumatra) | Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, Singkil | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Bateri | Indo-European → Dardic → Bateri | Pakistan (Kohistan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Batwa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | African Great Lakes | | Traditional African religion |
| Bauzi | East Geelvink Bay → Bauzi | Indonesia (Papua) | | Animism |
| Bazigar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bazigar | India (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan), Pakistan (Punjab) | | Hinduism |
| Beja | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Beja | Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea | Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Belarusians | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian[26] | Belarus, Lithuania (Vilnius Region), Polesia (Poland, Ukraine), Russia (Smolensk Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Oryol Oblast), and surrounding regions | Significant populations in the United States, Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, and Russia | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Belizean Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Belizean Creole | Belize | | Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari |
| Bemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Bembe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania | | Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions |
| Bena | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena | Tanzania (Njombe Region) | | Christianity → Roman Catholicism |
| Bengalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Dhakaiya Urdu | Bengal (Bangladesh, India (West Bengal)) | Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Bengali Buddhists, Bengali Christians, along with the Bengali Hindu diaspora, (British Bangladeshis, Middle Eastern Bangladeshis, Malaysian Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Canadians, Italo-Bangladeshis, Polish Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi New Zealanders, Bangladeshi Australians, Maldivian Bangladeshis, Japanese Bangladeshis, Bengali Americans and Bangladeshi Americans), Bangals, Ghotis, Dhakaiyas, Mahifarash, Shershabadia, Mahimal, and Sylhetis | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism |
| Berbers | Afro-Asiatic → Berber, Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Arabic, Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal | Maghreb | Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Kountas, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Godala, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, Igdalen, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali | Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism |
| Berom | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom | Niger (Plateau State) | | Christianity |
| Berta | Nilo-Saharan → Berta | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan | | Islam |
| Betawis | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian | Indonesia (Jakarta) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Beti[27] | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Eton | Cameroon | Ewondo, Eton | Christianity |
| Bezhta | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Bezhta | Russia (Tsuntinsky District) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Bhils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil | India (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra) | Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri, Bagdi | Hinduism |
| Bhojpuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Bhojpuri | India, Nepal | Paswan, Teli | Hinduism, Jainism |
| Bhumijs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Bhumij[28] | India (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand) | | Sarnaism |
| Bicolanos | Austronesian → Philippine → Bikol | Philippines (Bicol Region) | Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, Albayanon | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Bidayuh | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar–Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, Sanggau | Christianity |
| Bilala | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba | Chad (Lake Fitri) | | Islam |
| Bimanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyneisan → Bima | Indonesia (Sumbawa Island) | | Islam |
| Bisayas | Austronesian → Dusunic → Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya | Brunei, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) | Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya | Islam, Christianity |
| Bishnupriyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali-based creole → Bishnupriya Manipuri | India (Manipur), Bangladesh | | Hinduism → Vaishnavism |
| Bissa | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa | Burkina Faso | | Islam |
| Blaan | Austronesian → Philippine → Blaan | Philippines (Soccsksargen) | | Anitism |
| Black Nova Scotians | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Canada (Nova Scotia) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptist |
| Blackfoot | Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot | Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana) | Kainai Nation, Piegan Blackfeet, Piikani Nation, Siksika Nation | Native American Church, Christianity |
| Boa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uele) | | Christianity |
| Bodo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Bodo | India (Bodoland) | Mech, Kachari | Bathouism, Hinduism |
| Bokota | Chibchan → Buglere | Panama (Bocas del Toro) | | Native American religion |
| Bondei | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei | Tanzania (Pangani District) | | Islam, Traditional African religions |
| Bororo | Macro-Je → Bororoan → Bororo | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | | Animism |
| Bosniaks | | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sandžak (Serbia, Montenegro) | Significant populations in Serbia, Turkey, Austria, Germany and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Botlikhs | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Botlikh | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam[29] |
| Bouyei | | China (Guizhou) | Giay | Moism |
| Bozo | | Mali | | Islam |
| Dravidian → Northern Dravidian → Brahui | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal (including Zagar and Zakria Zae), Sasoli | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi |
| Indo-European → Celtic → Breton[30] | France (Brittany) | Significant populations in Canada and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Bribri | Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign language | Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca) | | Talamancan mythology |
| Bru | Austroasiatic → Katuic → Bru | Laos (Savannakhet province), Vietnam (Quảng Binh and Quảng Trị provinces) | | Satsana Phi, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Bruneian | | | Kedayan Bruneian | Sunni Islam |
| Bubi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube | Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Budu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory) | | Christianity |
| Budukhs | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Budukh | Azerbaijan (Buduq) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Yedina | Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon) | | Islam |
| Buginese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Buginese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi) | | Islam, Christianity, folk religion |
| Bulgarians | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian, Francosign → Bulgarian Sign | Bulgaria | Pomaks, Paulicians, Macedonian Bulgarians, Bessarabian Bulgarians, Dobrujan Bulgarians, Thracian Bulgarians, Karakachani, along with significant populations in Turkey, Ukraine and Moldova, Romania and Serbia, Croatia, Germany, Spain, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Bunak | Trans–New Guinea → Timor–Alor–Pantar → Bunak | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor | | |
| Bunun | Austronesian → Formosan → Bunun | Taiwan (Nantou) | | Animism, Christianity |
| Burghers | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala, Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | Sri Lanka | Dutch Burghers, Portuguese Burghers | Christianity |
| Burushos | Burushaski | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) | | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism |
| Buryats | Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Buryat; Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Khalkha → Sartul, Tsongol | Russia (Buryatia) | | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism → Mongolian shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Butonese | Austronesian → Celebic → Butonese | Indonesia (Buton) | | Islam |
| Bwa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa | Burkina Faso, Mali | | Traditional African religions |
| Bwatiye | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Bacama | Nigeria (Adamawa State) | | Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism |
| Cabiyari | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Cabiyari | Colombia (Vaupes) | | Christianity |
| Caddo | Caddoan → Caddo | United States (Oklahoma) | | Peyote religion, Christianity |
| Cahuilla | Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla | United States (California) | Pass Cahuilla (including Agua Caliente Cahuilla, Morongo Cahuilla), Mountain Cahuilla (including Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, Ramona Cahuilla, Santa Rosa Cahuilla), Desert Cahuilla (including Augustine Cahuilla, Cabazon Cahuillla, Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla) | Christianity → Roman Catholicism, Moravian, Protestantism, Ethnic religion |
| Caldoche | Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign | France (New Caledonia) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Camminanti | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian → Baccagghiu | Italy (Sicily) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Canary Islanders | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño Spanish | Spain (Canary Islands) | Isleños (including Louisiana Isleños) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Cape Coloureds | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa (Western Cape) | | Christianity |
| Cape Malays | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa (Western Cape) | | Islam |
| Cape Verdeans | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Cape Verdean Creole | Cabo Verde | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Caipiras | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Caipira, formerly Tupian → Tupi–Gurani → Tupinambá → Paulista General Language, Indo-European → Italian-based creoles → Italo-Paulista | Brazil (Centro-Sul) | | Christianity→ Catholicism |
| Carolinians | Austronesian → Micronesian → Carolinian | United States (Northern Mariana Islands) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Indo-European → Romance → Catalan, LSCic → Catalan Sign | Catalan Countries (Spain, France, Andorra, Italy) | Balears, Algherese, Andorrans, Roussillonese with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Cayuga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma) | | Longhouse Religion |
| Chaga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga | Tanzania | Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga (including Kahe), Rusa, West Chaga | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions |
| Chagossians | Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole | Chagos Archipelago[31] | | Christianity, Rastafari |
| Chaharmahali Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Chaharmahali Turkic | Iran (Chaharmahal) | | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism |
| Chakmas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Chakma | Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts) | | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Chamalals | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Chamalal | Russia (Tsumadinsky District) | | Islam→ Sunni Islam, Animism |
| Chamorro | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Chamorro | United States (Mariana Islands) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Chams | Austronesian → Chamic → Cham | Champa (Cambodia, Vietnam), China (Hainan) | Churu, Jarai, Rade, Raglai, Utsuls | Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam → Bani Islam, Hinduism |
| Chaoui | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Shawiya | Algeria (Aurès) | | Islam→ Sunni Islam |
| Charrúa | Charruan languages | Uruguay | Chaná | Animism |
| Chechens | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Chechen | Russia (Chechnya, Aukh), Georgia (Pankisi) | Kists, Chechen Kurds, Aukhs, with significant populations in Austria, France, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Chehalis | Formerly Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis | United States (Washington) | Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis | Ethnic religion |
| Chelkans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Chelkan | Russia (Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Burkhanism, Shamanism |
| Chepang | Sino-Tibetan → Chepangic → Chepang | Nepal | | Hinduism |
| Chenouas | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Chenouas | Algeria (Mount Chenoua) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Cherokee | Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee[32] | United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)[33] | Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen | Christianity, Four Mothers Society |
| Chewa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa | Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique | | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Cheyennes | Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne, Plains Indian Sign Language | United States (Montana, Oklahoma) | | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity |
| Chickasaw | Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw | United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee) | | Ethnic religion, Christianity→ Protestantism |
| Chinese Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar, Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Mandarin | China (Xinjiang) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Choctaw | Muskogean → Choctaw | United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana) | Choctaw Freedmen | Christianity, Choctaw religion |
| Chokwe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia | | Christianity |
| Cholanaikkans | Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Cholanaikkan | India (Kerala) | | |
| Cho Ro | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Chrau | Vietnam, (Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria-Vung Tau) | | Animism, Theravada |
| Chuanqing | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Mandarin Chinese → Southwestern Mandarin | China (Guizhou) | | Ethnic religion |
| | | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism |
| Chulyms | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Chulym | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
| Chumash | Chumashan languages[34] | United States (California) | | Christianity, Native American religion |
| Chutiya | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Deori | India (Assam) | Deori | Ekasarana Dharma |
| Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese | Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk Lagoon) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Chuvans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi; formerly Yukaghir → Chuvan | Russia (Chukotka) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
| Turkic → Oghur → Chuvash | Russia (Chuvashia) | Virjal, Anatri | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Cinta Larga | Tupian → Monde → Cinta Larga | Brazil (Amazon rainforest) | | Indigenous religion, Santo Daime |
| Northwest Caucasian → Circassian | Russia (Circassia) | Abzakhs, Adygeans, Besleneys, Bzhedugs, Chemirgoys, Cherkess, Kabardians, Natukhajs, Shapsugs, Ubykhs, Makhosh, and Hatuqways, with significant populations in Turkey, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Germany, Iraq, Bulgaria, the United States, Egypt, Libya, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Sufism → Naqshbandi |
| Cirebonese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Cirebonese | Indonesia (Cirebon) | | |
| Clatsop | Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon; formerly Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop | United States (Oregon) | | |
| Cocopah | Yuman → Cocopah | Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), United States (Arizona) | | Native American religion |
| Cocos Malays | Malay creoles → Cocos Malay | Australia (Cocos (Keeling) Islands) | significant populations in Malaysia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Cofan | Cofan language | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo) | | Animism |
| Cook Islanders | Austronesian → Polynesian → Cook Islands Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Penrhyn, Austronesian → Polynesian → Rakahanga-Manihiki, Austronesian → Polynesian → Pukapukan | Cook Islands | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Comanche | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Comancheria) | | Native American Church, Christianity |
| Comorians | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian | Comoros, France (Mayotte) | Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Conch | Indo-European → Germanic → English, English creole → Bahamian Creole | Bahamas | | Christianity |
| Confederados | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Brazil (Santa Barbara d'Oeste, Americana) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Copts | Afro-Asiatic → Coptic,[35] Egyptian Sign | Egypt, Sudan, Libya | Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora | Christianity → Coptic Orthodoxy |
| Cornish | Indo-European → Celtic → Cornish,[36] Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cornish English, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Cornwall) | Significant populations in the United States and Australia | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism |
| Corsicans | Indo-European → Romance → Corsican | France (Corsica) | Corsican Americans (including Corsican Puerto Ricans) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Coushatta | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati | United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town) | | Christianity |
| Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Cree[37] | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador) | James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase | Christianity |
| Crimean Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Kipchak-Cuman → Middle Crimean Tatar, Turkic → Kipchak → Kipchak-Nogai → Northern Crimean Tatar, Turkic → Oghuz → Balkan Gagauz → Southern Crimean Tatar, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Balkan Romani → Crimean Romani | Ukraine (Crimea) | Steppe, Mountain, and Southcoast tribes, Crimean Roma, along with Significant populations in Turkey, Romania, and Uzbekistan. | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Torlakian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), Kosovo, Austria (Burgenland), and surrounding regions | Bunjevci, Krashovani, Janjevci, Šokci, Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats, Montenegrin Croats, Serbian Croats, Slovenian Croats, Burgenland Croats, Croat Muslims, along with significant populations in Italy (including Molise Croats), the Czech Republic, the United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Australia and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Crow | Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow | United States (Montana) | | Christianity, Crow religion |
| Czechoslovaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak | Czech Republic, Slovakia | Significant populations in Canada and the United States | Christianity→ Roman Catholicism |
| Czechs | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech | | Bohemians, Chodové, along with significant populations in United States and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism[38] |
| Dagaaba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare | | | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Dagombas | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani | Ghana (Kingdom of Dagbon) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Damara | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Damaraland) | | Christianity |
| Damia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dameli | Pakistan (Chitral District) | | |
| Danes | Indo-European → Germanic → Danish, East Danish, Jutish; Francosign → DTSic → Danish Sign | Danish Realm (Denmark), Germany (Southern Schleswig) | Significant populations in the United States, Canada, Greenland, and Germany. | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Dani | Trans-New Guinea → West Papuan Highlands → Dani | Papua New Guinea (Baliem Valley) | Indonesia (Highland Papua) | Christianity→ Protestantism, Islam |
| Dargins | Northeast Caucasian → Dargin | Russia (Dagestan) | Kaitags, Kubachis, Itsaris, Chirags | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Daurs | Mongolic → Dagur | China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang) | | Shamanism |
| Dawoodi Bohra | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India, Pakistan | | Islam → Shia → Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism |
| Deccani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Deccani | India (Deccan) | Hyderabadi | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism |
| Deg Xitʼan | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag | United States (Alaska) | | Christianity |
| Denaʼina | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Denaʼina | United States (Alaska) | | Christianity→ Orthodox Christianity, Animism |
| Dhimal | Sino-Tibetan → Dhimalish → Dhimal | Nepal | | Hinduism, Kiratism |
| | South Sudan | | Christianity, Dinka religion |
| Turkic → Kipchak → Dobrujan Tatar, Indo-European → Romance → Romanian | Romania (Constanța County) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Dogon | Niger–Congo → Dogon; Bangime; Tebul Sign | Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment) | Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande | Traditional African religions |
| Dogras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dogri | India (Jammu Division) | | Hinduism |
| Dolgans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Dolgan | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism |
| Doms | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Domari, Garachi | Azerbaijan, Middle East, North Africa | Garachi, with significant populations in Egypt, Israel, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia | Islam, Judaism |
| Dominickers | | United States (Holmes County, Florida) | | |
| Dongxiangs | Mongolic → Shirongolic → Santa | China, (Gansu) | | Sunni Islam |
| Doukhobors | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia | | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity |
| Druze | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic; DGSic → Israeli Sign | Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan) | Lebanese Druze, Syrian Druze, Israeli Druze, Jordanian Druze | Druzism[39] [40] |
| Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil → Dubli[41] | Gujarat (India) | | Hinduism |
| Dukha | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Dukhan | Mongolia (Khövsgöl Province) | | Shamanism → Dukha indigenous religion |
| Indo-European → Germanic → Low Franconian; Francosign → Dutch Sign | Netherlands | | Christianity |
| Dutch Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese and Spanish-based creoles → Papiamento | Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Dwe'e | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime | Cameroon | | Christianity |
| Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula | Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| East Indian Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → East Indian Mahratti | India (Seven Islands of Bombay) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira | Nigeria (Kogi State) | | Islam |
| Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo | Nigeria (Edo State) | Ika, Emai | Christianity |
| Efik | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik | Nigeria (Cross River State) | | Christianity, Efik religion |
| Egyptians | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic, Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Sa'idi Arabic, Egyptian Sign, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Egyptian → Ancient Egyptian | Egypt | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ekari | Trans-New Guinea → Ekari | Indonesia (Wissel Lakes) | | Christianity |
| Ekoi | Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham | Nigeria, Cameroon | | Christianity, Ekoi religion |
| Elbegli | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey (Kilis, Gaziantep, Sivas), Syria (Aleppo), Iran (South Azerbaijan)[42] [43] | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Embera | Choco → Embera | Colombia (Choco Department), Panama (Darien, Embera) | | Shamanism |
| Enets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Enets | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | | Shamanism |
| Indo-European → Germanic → English, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (England, Little England beyond Wales) | New Forest commoners, Berwickers | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
| Erzyas | Uralic → Mordvinic → Erzya | Russia (Mordovia), Armenia (Gegharkunik Province) | Shokshas, Erzya Molokans[44] | Christianity → Russian Orthodox, Protestantism → Lutheranism; Erzyas native religion |
| Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan | Nigeria (Esanland) | | Christianity |
| Uralic → Finnic → Estonian, Uralic → Finnic → South Estonian, Francosign → RSLic → Estonian Sign | Estonia, Setomaa (Estonia and Russia), Latvia (Ludza, Gauja) | Setos, Võros, Hiiumaans, Saaremaans, Ludza Estonians, Gauja Estonians, with significant populations in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Finland, Georgia (including Abkhazia), the United States | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Eurasian Singaporeans | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Singapore | | Christianity |
| Evenks | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Evenki, Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Negidal | Russia, China | Negidals | Shamanism |
| Evens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Even, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Yakut | Russia (Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakha) | | Shamanism |
| Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Ewe | Togo, Ghana | Anlo Ewe, Waci | Christianity, West African Vodun |
| Falkland Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Falkland Islands English | British Overseas Territories (Falkland Islands) | | Christianity |
| Fang | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang | Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon | | Christianity |
| Faroe Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → Faroese, Indo-European → Germanic → Danish → Gøtudanskt | Danish Realm (Faroe Islands) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Fijian | | Fijian Americans, Fijian Australians, Fijian British | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism |
| Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Mishar Tatar, Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Finland | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Uralic → Finnic → Finnish, Meänkieli, Siberian Ingrian Finnish; Indo-European → Germanic → Finland Swedish; SSLic → FSLic | Fennoscandia (Finland, Russia, Sweden, Norway) | Forest Finns, Tornedalians, Ingrian Finns (including Siberian Finns (including Korlaks)), Savonians, Tavastians, Finns proper, Ostrobothnians, Finnish Karelians, Finland Swedes, Kainuu, and Murmansk Finns, along with significant populations in Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, United States (including Findians), Argentina, and Canada (including Findians). | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Fipa | Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu | Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Flemish, Indo-European → Germanic → West Flemish, Indo-European → Germanic → Zeelandic, Francosign → Belgian Sign → Flemish Sign | Belgium (Flanders, Brussels), France (French Flanders), Netherlands (Zeelandic Flanders) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon | Dahomey (Benin) | | Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun |
| Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign | France | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| French Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Romance → French → Antillean Creole | France (French West Indies), Dominica, Haiti, Saint Lucia | Guadeloupeans, Martinicans, Saint-Martinois, Barthelemois, Afro-French Guianans, Dominicans, Haitians, Saint Lucians | Christianity → Catholicism, Haitian Vodou |
| French Canadians | Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign | | Quebecois, Acadians (including Chiac), Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Tenois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| French Louisianians | Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → Louisiana French, Indo-European → Romance → French → Missouri French, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English, formerly Indo-European → French Creole → Alabama Creole | United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri) | Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns and Louisiana Creoles of color), Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajuns), and Missouri Creoles | Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo |
| Indo-European → Germanic → Frisian, Indo-European → Germanic → East Frisian Low Saxon, Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → West Frisian Dutch | Frisia (Netherlands, Germany, historically Denmark) | Westlauwers Frisians, East Frisians, North Frisians, Saterland Frisians, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism[45] [46] |
| Indo-European → Romance → Friulian | Italy (Friuli) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula | West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)[47] | Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde | Islam |
| Fur | Furan → Fur | Sudan (Darfur) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Fuyu Kyrgyz | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Fuyu Kyrgyz | Fuyu County (Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China) | | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism |
| Ga-Adangbe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme | Greater Accra (Ghana) | Ga, Adangbe | Christianity |
| Gabrieleños | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno[48] | | | Native American religion, Christianity |
| Gade | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade | Nigeria (Niger State) | | |
| Turkic → Oghuz → Gagauz | Moldova (Gagauzia, Taraclia, Basarabeasca), Ukraine (Budjak) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Gajal | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian | Bulgaria (Ludogorie), Turkey (East Thrace) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Galela | | Indonesia (North Maluku) | | Islam, Christianity |
| Indo-European → Romance → Galician, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Castrapo | Spain (Galicia) | Couto Mistans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Gamilaraay | Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Gamilaraay | Australia (New South Wales, Queensland) | | Alcheringa |
| | Uganda (Buganda) | Abayudaya | Christianity |
| Garhwalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garhwali | India (Uttarakhand) | | Hinduism |
| Garifunas | Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna[49] | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[50] | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Garos | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Garo | India (Garo Hills) | | Christianity, Songsarek |
| Gaviao (Je) | Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Parkateje, Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Pykobje | Brazil (Pará, Maranhão) | Parkateje, Pykobje | Animism |
| Gaviao (Rondonia) | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná | Brazil (Rondonia) | | Animism |
| Gayonese | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Gayo | Indonesia (Bener Meriah, Central Aceh, and Gayo Lues Regencies) | | Islam |
| Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari | | | Traditional African religions |
| Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya | Central African Republic, Cameroon | Bokoto, Kara, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu | Islam |
| Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo | Ethiopia (Gedeo) | | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay |
| Kra–Dai → Kra → Gelao[51] | China (Guizhou) | | Taoism, Buddhism |
| Georgians | Kartvelian languages, Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Bats, Georgian Sign | Georgia, Azerbaijan (Saingilo), Turkey (Artvin Province) | Adjarians, Mingrelians, Svans, Tushetians, Meskhetians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Bats,[52] with significant populations in Turkey (including Chveneburi, France, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United States, and Iran | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Germans | Indo-European → Germanic → High German, Low German, Limburgish; DGSic → German Sign | Germany, Austria, Belgium (Eupen-Malmedy) | Bavarians, Swabians, Hessians | Christianity |
| Ghomaras | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Ghomara | Morocco (Western Rif) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ghorbati | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian, Ghorbati | Central Asia | Mugats | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Gibraltarians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Llanito; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Gibraltarian English; BANZSL → British Sign[53] | British Overseas Territories (Gibraltar) | Significant populations in the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Gilaks | Indo-European → Iranian → Gilaki | Iran (Gilan) | | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism |
| Gitxsan | Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan | Canada (Skeena Country) | | Native American religion |
| Gnawas | | Morocco | | Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion |
| Goan Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani → Goan Konkani | India (Goa) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Godoberis | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Godoberi | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Gogo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo | Tanzania (Dodoma Region) | | Christianity, African Traditional Religion |
| Gola | Niger–Congo → Gola | Liberia, Sierra Leone | | Islam |
| Dravidian → Gondi[54] | India (Gondwana) | Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, Koya | Hinduism, Koyapunem |
| Gorals | Indo-European → Slavic → Lechitic → Gorolski[55] | Southern Poland, northern Slovakia, Cieszyn Silesia (Poland, Czech Republic) | Sącz Lachs, Silesian Gorals | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Gorani | Indo-European → Slavic → Torlakian → Gorani | Gora (Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Gorontalo | | Indonesia (Gorontalo) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Gosha | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli | Somalia | | Islam |
| Great Andamanese | Great Andamanese | India (Great Andaman) | | Animism |
| Greeks | Indo-European → Hellenic; Turkic → Kipchak → Urum; Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian; Indo-European → Albanian → Arvanitika; Indo-European → Slavic → Macedo-Bulgarian; Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign; Cypriot Sign | Greece, Cyprus, Albania (Northern Epirus), Ukraine (Crimea, Donetsk), Turkey (Cappadocia, Pontus, Istanbul), Italy (Magna Graecia), Bulgaria (Balkan Mountains, Rila, Northeastern Bulgaria), North Macedonia, and surrounding regions | Greek Cypriots (including Greek Northern Cypriots), Asia Minor Greeks (including Pontic Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks, Constantinopolites, Ionian Greeks), Greek Muslims (including Vallahades, Cretan Muslims), Sarakatsani (including Karakachani), Souliotes, Azov Greeks (including Mariupol Greeks, Crimean Urums), Italiots (including Grikos and Grecanici), Macedonian Greeks, Tsakonians, Maniots, Karagounides,, Phanariots, Egyptian Greeks, Caucasus Greeks, Sfakians, Slavophone Greeks, Corfiot Greeks, Melkites (including Antiochian Greeks, Jerusalemite Greeks, and Alexandrian Greeks) and also sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks (including Helleno-Vlachs), along with significant populations in Albania (including Northern Epirotes (including Himariotes)), Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, France, Italy, Malta, Armenia, and Canada | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, formerly Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries |
| Gros Ventre | Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre | United States (Montana) | | Sun Dance |
| Guajajara | Tupian → Tenetehara | Brazil (Maranhão) | | Shamanism, Santo Daime |
| Guan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang | Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions) | Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso | Christianity |
| Guarani | Tupian → Guarani | Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia | Chiriguanos, along with Mestizos such as Paraguayans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Gujarati | | India (Gujarat) | Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Sunni Bohra, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Luso-Indians, Gujarati Americans | Hinduism, Islam, Jainism |
| Gurjars | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari | Primarily Pakistan and India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers | Khatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Bhatti, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc. | Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism |
| Gumuz | Bʼaga languages | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region) | | Traditional African religion |
| Guna | Chibchan → Kuna | Panama (Guna Yala) | | Native American religion |
| Gurage | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes | Ethiopia (Guragia) | Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha) | Christianity |
| Gurindji | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Gurindji, Pama–Nyungan and Indo-European → Gurindji and Australian Kriol → Gurindji Kriol | Australia (Northern Territory) | | Dreamtime |
| Gurma | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche | Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana) | Ntcham, Bimoba | Islam |
| Gurungs | Sino-Tibetan → Gurung | Nepal, India (Sikkim, West Bengal) | | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, Hinduism |
| Gurunsi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo | Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla | Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Gwich'in | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in | Canada (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories), United States (Alaska) | | Native American religion |
| Ha | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha | Tanzania (Kigoma Region) | | Animism |
| Hadiya | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya | Ethiopia (Hadiya) | | Islam |
| Hadza | Hadza language | Tanzania (Karatu District) | | Hadza mythology |
| Haida | Haida languages, formerly Haida Jargon | Canada (Haida Gwaii), United States (Prince of Wales Island) | Kaigani Haida | Haida Traditional Faith |
| Haisla | Wakashan → Haisla | Canada (British Columbia) | | Native American religion |
| Hän | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han | Canada (Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska) | | Native American religion |
| Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese; CSLic languages; JSLic → Taiwan Sign; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manglish, Singlish, Hong Kong English; Austronesian → Malayic → Bazaar Malay → Baba Malay; Austronesian → Murutic–Papar–Tatana → Tatana; formerly Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Ba–Shu; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Chinese Pidgin English; Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin | China, Taiwan, Singapore, Myanmar (Kokang), Malaysia (Labuan, Sabah) | Subei, Yue (including Cantonese, Punti, Taishanese (including Taishanese Hongkongers), Hongkongers (including Punti), Macau, and Namshun), Tankas (including Fuzhou Tankas), Màirén, Hui (including Panthays), Fujianese (including Fuzhounese, Hoklos, Hui'an maidens, Putianese, Fujianese Hongkongers, Fokien, and Teochew), Gaoshan Han, Gan, Tunbao, Pinghua (including Northern Pinghua and Southern Pinghua), Hakka (including Ngai (including Dan)), Hainanese, Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu (including Shanghainese, Ningbonese, and Wenzhounese), Kokang Chinese, Han Taiwanese (including Hoklo Taiwanese and Benshengren), Sino-Singaporeans (including Straits Chinese), Chin Haw, Hwagyo, Zhongum), along with significant populations in the United States (including Hoklos, Hongkongers, Fuzhounese Americans, and Hakkas), Mongolia, Malaysia (including Penangite Chinese, Straits Chinese, Sino-Natives (including Tatanas), and Peranakans (including Baba-Nyonya and Kiau–Seng)), Thailand, Indonesia (including Benteng), Myanmar, Canada (including Hongkongers), the Philippines (including Sangleys), Peru, Australia (including Hong Kong Australians), Vietnam (including Chinese Nùng and Ngai (including Dan)), Japan, Russia, France (including Chinois and Wenzhounese French), the United Kingdom (including Hong Kong Britons), South Africa, Italy, Bulgaria, Germany, Korea (including North Korea and South Korea), Fiji, Finland, Spain, India (including Zhongum), Laos, Brazil, the Netherlands (including Hongkongers), Argentina, Panama, Madagascar, Mauritius (including Namshun, Fokien, Hakka, and Sino-creoles), Seychelles, Venezuela, Cambodia (including Teochew, Cantonese Cambodians, Hainanese Cambodians, Hoklos, and Hakkas), Belgium, Denmark, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Czech Republic, Chinese Bangladeshis, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Suriname, and Guyana), Chile, Costa Rica, Brazil, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania, Samoa, Serbia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and New Zealand | Chinese folk religion, Buddhism → Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Irreligion (see also Religion in China and Religion in Taiwan) |
| Hangaza | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza | Tanzania (Kagera Region) | | Christianity |
| Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani | China (Yunnan) | | Animism |
| Harari | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari | Ethiopia (Hararia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Haratins | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic, Afro-Asiatic → Berber | Mauritania | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| | Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian,[56] Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Hawaiian Pidgin, Hawaiʻi Sign, Hawaiʻi Sign and American Sign → Creole Hawaiʻi Sign | United States (Hawaii) | | Christianity, Hawaiian religion |
| Ḫawlan bin ʾAmir | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Razihi, Faifi | Yemen (Saada Governorate), Saudi Arabia (Fifa Mountains) | Razihis, Faifis | Islam → Shia Islam → Zaydism |
| Haya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya | Tanzania (Kagera Region) | | Christianity, Ruhanga |
| Hazaras | Karluks → Indo-European → Persian → Hazaragi | Afghanistan (Hazarajat) | | Islam → Shia and Sunni |
| Hehe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe | Tanzania (Iringa Region) | | Christianity |
| Heiltsuk | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk | Canada (Central Coast Regional District) | | Native American religion |
| Helong | Austronesian → Timoric → Helong | Indonesia (Kupang Regency, Semau Island, Flores Island) | | Christianity |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero | Namibia (Hereroland), Angola | OvaHimba, Ovambanderu | Christianity |
| Highland Travellers | Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic → Beurla Reagaird | United Kingdom (Scottish Highlands) | | Christianity → Roman Catholic |
| Hinukh | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hinuq | Russia (Tsuntinsky and Kizlyarsky districts) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Hispanic Americans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish | Hispanic America (Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Paraguay, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay), United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize | Mexican (Northeastern Mexican, Northwestern Mexican, Baja Californian, Western Mexican, Abajeno, Central Mexican, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Colombian (Cundinamarqués, Bogotan, Boyacense, Santandereano, Huilense, Tolimense, Paisa, Caucano, Pastuso, Valluno, Llanero, Amazonian Colombian, Guajiro, Sabanero, Samario, Vallenato, Chochoano, Tumaqueño, Basque-Colombian, Colombian-American), Argentinian (North Argentinian, Guaranitic, Cuyano, Cordobes, Puntano, Litoraleno, Porteno, Patagonian, Basque-Argentinian, Argentinian-American), Peruvian (Ecuatorial Peruvian, Coastal Peruvian, Andean Peruvian, Amazonian Peruvian, Peruvian-American), Venezuelan (Amazonian Venezuelan, Llanero, Andean Venezuelan, Western Venezuelan, Eastern Venezuelan, Island Venezuelan, Caraqueno, Zuliano, Central Venezuelan, Venezuelan-American, Venezuelan-Colombian), Chilean (Chilean-American), Ecuadorian (Quiteno, Riobambeno, Cuencano, Lojano, Esmeraldeno, Manabita, Guayaco, Amazonian Ecuadorian, Ecuadorian-American), Guatemalan (Guatemalan-American), Bolivian (Bolivian-American), Cuban (Cuban-American), Dominican (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Paraguayan (Paraguayan-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Lenca, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanian (Panamanian-American), Uruguayan (Uruguayan-American), Islenos, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Rican, Hispanic Americans in the United States (Chicano, Nuyorican), colonial-era Hispanos in the USA and their modern descendants (Tejanos, Californios, Neomexicanos, Floridanos, Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish Americans (Asturian-American, Basque Americans, Catalan Americans, Canarian Americans, Galician Americans), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Hispanic Afro-Caribbeans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American SpanishIndo-European → Romance → Spanish-based creoles → Palenquero | Hispanic Caribbean (Mexico, Caribbean Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico) | Afro-Mexican, Caribbean Afro-Colombian (Palenquero), Afro-Venezuelan, Afro-Cuban (Ganga-Longoba), Afro-Dominican, Afro-Panamanian, Afro-Puerto Rican | Christianity → Catholicism, Santeria, Orisha, Yoruba, Vodou, Traditional African religion |
| Hmong | Hmong–Mien → Hmongic | China (Guizhou)[57] | A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-Hng, Hmong Americans | Hmong folk religion |
| Hopi | Uto-Aztecan → Hopi | United States (Hopi Reservation) | | |
| Huli | | Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands Province) | | Christianity, Papuan religion |
| Uralic → Ugric → Hungarian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Hungarian Sign | Hungary, Romania (Székely Land, Csángó Land, Bukovina), and neighboring regions | Palóc, Matyó, Magyarabs, Hungarian Cumans, Jasz, along with significant populations in Romania (including Szekelys (including Bukovina Szekelys) and Csangos), Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, Germany, the United States, and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism, Eastern Catholicism → Hungarian Greek Catholicism, Hungarian Unitarianism |
| Hunzibs | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hunzib | Russia (Tsuntinsky District) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Hutterites | Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German | Great Plains (United States, Canada) | Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut | Christianity → Anabaptism |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[58] | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) | | Christianity |
| Iatmul | Sepik → Iatmul | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province) | | |
| Austronesian → Malayic → Iban | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Mualang | Christianity |
| Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ibanag | Philippines (Isabela, Cagayan) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket, | Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State) | Eket, Anaang, Oron | Christianity |
| Indo-European → Germanic → Icelandic, Francosign → DTSic → Icelandic Sign | | | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism, Asartu |
| Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma | Nigeria (Benue State) | Agatu, Alago, Yala | Christianity |
| | Nigeria (Igboland) | Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa, Igbo Jews | Christianity, Odinala |
| Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede | Nigeria (Benue State) | | Christianity |
| Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran | Philippines (Cordillera Administrative Region) | Balangao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao (including Kalanguya), Isnag, Kalinga, Kankanaey | Anitism |
| Ijaw | Niger–Congo → Ijaw | Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States) | Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo | Christianity |
| Ili Turks | Turkic → Karluk → Ili Turki | China (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture), Kazakhstan | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ilocano | Philippines (Ilocos Region) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Imraguen | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen | Mauritania, Western Sahara | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Indo | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Malay → Indonesian | Indonesia | | Christianity |
| Indo-Caribbeans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil | Caribbean | Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese, with significant populations in the United States and the United Kingdom | Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí |
| Indo-Fijians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Fiji Hindi; Indo-European → Germanic → English, Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Fijian | Fiji | Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism |
| Indo-Mauritians | Indo-European → Romance → French-based creoles → Mauritian Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil | | | Hinduism, Islam |
| Indus Kohistanis | Indo-European → Dardic → Indus Kohistani | Pakistan (Kohistan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ingushes | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Ingush | Russia (Ingushetia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i |
| Innu | Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Algic → Algonquian → Naskapi | Canada (Nitassinan) | Naskapi | Animism |
| Inuit | Eskaleut → Inuit, Inuit Sign language | Danish Realm (Greenland), Canada (Nunavut, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, NunatuKavut), United States (Alaska) | Greenlanders (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Inupiat (including Nunamiut), Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Iglulik Inuit (including Aivilingmiut) | Christianity, Inuit religion |
| Iranis | Indo-European → Iranian → Zoroastrian Dari | | | Zoroastrianism |
| Iranun | Austronesian → Philippine → Iranun | Philippines (Mindanao) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Iraqi Turkmen | Turkic → Oghuz → Iraqi Turkmen | Iraq | | Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam |
| Iraqw | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw | Tanzania | | Christianity |
| Indo-European → Celtic → Irish, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Hiberno-English, Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign | Ireland | Irish Catholics, Significant populations of Irish diaspora around the World such as in United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), United Kingdom (including Ulster Scots people) Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, New Zealand, Mainland Europe, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Puerto Rico, and India | Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism |
| Irish Travellers | Indo-European → Irish and English → Shelta, Francosign → Irish Sign | Ireland | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Isan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao → Isan | Thailand (Isan) | | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Isoko | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko | Nigeria (Isoko region) | | Christianity |
| Istro-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Istro-Romanian | Croatia (Istria) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Italians | Indo-European → Romance → Italian, Indo-European → Slavic → Slavomolisano, Indo-European → Romance → Istriot, Indo-European → Romance → Ligurian, Francosign → LISic → Italian Sign, formerly Indo-European → Romance → Dalmatian | Italy | Molise Croats,[59] Dalmatian Italians, Istrian Italians, Niçard Italians | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Itawes | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Itawis | Philippines (Cagayan Valley) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Itelmens | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Kamchatkan → Itelmen | Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula) | | Shamanism |
| Izhorians | Uralic → Finnic → Ingrian | Russia (Ingria) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Jamaican Maroons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole | Jamaica | | Kumfu |
| Jambian | Austronesian → Jambian | Indonesia (Jambia) | Batin | Sunni Islam |
| Japanese/Yamato | Japonic → Japanese, Hachijō; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Miyakubo Sign Language | Japan | Kantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, Miyakubo, Tsugaru, and Nikkei Brazilians in Japan, along with significant populations in Brazil, the United States (including Hawaii), Canada, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica), Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China (including Hong Kong), Belgium (including Brussels), Spain, Turkey, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Australia, Pakistan, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Africa, Singapore, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, the United Arab Emirates, and the Philippines. | Irreligion, Shinto, Tenrikyo, Buddhism;[60] Christianity → Catholicism → Kakure and Hanure Krishitanity |
| Jarai | Austronesian → Chamic → Jarai | Vietnam (Central Highlands) | | Animism |
| Jarawas | Ongan → Jarawa | India (South Andaman, Middle Andaman) | | Animism |
| Austronesian → Javanesic | Indonesia (Java) | Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Banyumasan, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Suriname, China, Sri Lanka, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Jeks | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Jek | Azerbaijan (Mount Shahdagh) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Channel Islanders | Indo-European → Romance → Norman, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Channel Island English | British Crown Dependencies (Channel Islands) | Jèrriais (including Sercquiais), Guernésiais, Auregnais | Christianity |
| Jerusalemite Greek Christians | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic, historically Indo-European → Hellenic | Israel, Palestine, Jordan | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism |
| Jews | Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew,[61] Jewish languages,[62] DGSic → Israeli Sign, formerly Indo-European → Romance → Zarphatic, Indo-European → Romance → Judaeo-Portuguese, Indo-European → Slavic → Knaanic | Israel | Ashkenazim (including Galitzianers, Yekkes, Chuts, Unterlander Jews, Oberlander Jews, Litvaks, Afrikaner-Jews, Udmurt and Tatar Jews), Assyrian Jews, Sephardim (including Eastern Sephardim, North African Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, Amazonian Jews, Iberian Jews, Sephardic Bnei Anusim, Xuetes, and Toshavim), Mizrahim (including Bukharim, Juhurim, Kurdim, Syrian Jews, Arab Jews, Afghan Jews, Baghdadi Jews, Teimanim (including Rechabites, Baladi Jews, Shami Jews, and Rambamists), Sharʿabi Jews, Habbanim, Banu al-Harith, Adeni Jews, Persim, Mashhadi Jews, and Kaifeng Jews), Astrakhan Jews, Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Italkim (including San Nicandro Jews and Italian Rite Jews), Rusape Jews, Romaniotes, Constantinopolitan Karaites, Bavlim, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Gruzim, Benei Sion, Bene Israel, Banu Israil, Kochinim, Paradesi, Lishanid Noshan, Israeli Jews, B'nai Moshe, Bnei Menashe, Urfalim, Meshuchrarim, Abayudaya, Shaposhniki, Karaimites, African-American Jews, Desi Jews, Igbo Jews, Levites (including Kohen), and Bene Ephraim, along with significant populations in the United States (including Syrian Jews and Puerto Rican Jews), Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Russia, Belarus, the Czech lands, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Austria, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Iraq, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Monaco, the United Kingdom, Peru, South Africa, Australia, India (including Sephardim) and New Zealand | Judaism |
| Jingpo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Jingpho | China (Yunnan), India (Northeast India), Myanmar (Kachin State) | | Animism |
| Jita | | Tanzania (Mara Region) | | Christianity, Ethnic Religion |
| Jola | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola | Senegal (Jolaland) | Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp | Traditional African religions |
| Jukun | Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum[63] | Nigeria (Wukari) | Wannu | Traditional African religions |
| Kabyle | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Kabyle | Algeria (Kabylia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kadazan-Dusun | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Dusunic | Malaysia (Sabah) | Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, Tambanuo | Christianity, Momolianism |
| Kafwe Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga | Zambia (Kafue Flats) | | Traditional African religion |
| Kaguru | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu | Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains) | | |
| Kaingang | Macro-Je → Je → Kaingang | Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo) | | Shamanism |
| Kalanga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga | Zimbabwe, Botswana | Nambya | Christianity |
| Kalash | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kalasha | Pakistan (Chitral District) | | Kalasha |
| Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin | Kenya (Rift Valley Province) | Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik | Christianity |
| Kalinago | Indo-European → Germanic → English,[64] Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole | Lesser Antilles | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kalmyks | Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Kalmyk Oirat, Sart Kalmyk | Russia (Kalmykia), Kyrgyzstan (Issyk-Kul Region) | Sart Kalmyks, Buzava | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism |
| Kaluli | Trans-New Guinea → Kaluli | Papua New Guinea (Great Papuan Plateau) | | Papuan religion |
| Kamba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba | Kenya (Ukambani) | | Christianity |
| Kamentsa | Camsa language | Colombia (Putumayo) | | Christianity |
| Kanaks | Austronesian → Kanak | France (Kanakia) | Haveke, Ajie, Arha, Xaragure, Haeke | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kannadigas | | India (Karnataka) | Vokkaliga | Hinduism, Jainism |
| Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri | Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon) | Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri | Islam |
| | Indonesia | Pagu,, Boeng, Towiliko | Christianity, Islam, Animism |
| Kapampangans | Austronesian → Philippine → Kapampangan | Philippines (Pampanga) | | Christianity → Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Anitism |
| Kapsiki | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki | Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon) | | Islam |
| Karamanlides | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Karamanli Turkish | Turkey (Karaman Province, Cappadocia)[65] | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Turkish Orthodox Church |
| Karachays | Turkic → Kipchak → Karachay | Russia (Karachay-Cherkessia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Karakalpaks | Turkic → Kipchak → Karakalpak | Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) | Qon'ırat, On To'rt Urıw | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Karatas | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Karata | Russia (Dagestan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Karategin Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Southern Uzbek | Afghanistan | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Karbi | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Karbic | India (Karbi Anglong district) | Amri | Hinduism, Animism |
| Karelians | Uralic → Finnic → Karelian, Uralic → Finnic → Ludic, Uralic → Finnic → Livvi-Karelian | Karelia (Finland, Russia) | Tver Karelians, Olonets Karelians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Karen | Sino-Tibetan → Karenic | Myanmar (Karen State, Kayah State, Pa'O Self-Administered Zone), Thailand | S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni (including Kayan), Pa'O | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Karuk | Karuk language | United States (California) | | Christianity |
| Kashmiris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Kashmiri | Kashmir (India, Pakistan) | Kashmiri Hindus (including Kashmiri Pandits), Kashmiris in Punjab | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism |
| Kashubians | Indo-European → Slavic → Kashubian, formerly Indo-European → Slavic → Slovincian | Poland (Kashubia) | Krubans, Slovincians, and Gochans, along with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kaska Dena | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory) | | Native American religion |
| Kassena | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena | Ghana (Kassena-Nankana), Burkina Faso | | Kassena religion |
| Kawesqar | Alacalufan → Kawesqar | Chile (Chilean Patagonia, Wellington Island) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Kayapo | Macro-Je → Je → Kayapo | Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso) | | |
| Kazakhs | | | Uly juz, Orta juz, Kishi juz. Significant populations in China, Iran, Canada, the United States, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kemak | Austronesian → Timoric → Kemak | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor | | |
| Kereks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Kerek | Russia (Chukotka) | | Shamanism |
| Keres | Keresan languages, Keresan Sign Language | United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico) | Eastern Keres (including Dámáyámʾé, Dîiwʾamʾé, Katishtya, Kʾúutìimʾé, Tsʾíiyʾamʾé) Western Keres (including Áakʾùumʾé, Kʾáwáigamʾé) | |
| Kerewe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe | Tanzania (Ukerewe Island) | | |
| Austronesian → Kerincian | Indonesia (Kerincia) | | Sunni Islam |
| Ket | Yeniseian → Northern Yeniseian → Ket | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | | Shamanism |
| Khakas | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Khakas | Russia (Khakassia) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Tengrism |
| Khalaj | Turkic → Common Turkic → Khalaj | Iran | | |
| Khanty | Uralic → Ugric → Khanty | Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) | | |
| | Nepal, India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal) | Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, Gandarbha | Hinduism |
| Khasi | Austroasiatic → Khasi–Palaungic → Khasic | India (Meghalaya) | Pnar | Christianity |
| Khinalugs | Northeast Caucasian → Khinalug | Azerbaijan (Khinalug) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Khmer | Austroasiatic → Khmer | Cambodia, Mekong Delta, Isan | Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom and Significant populations in the United States | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Khoja | | | | Islam → Shia Islam → Ismaili'sm → Nizari Isma'ilism |
| Khonds | Dravidian → Kui | India (Kandhamal) | | Hinduism |
| Khorasani Turks | | Iran (Khorasan) | | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Khwarshi | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Khwarshi | Russia (Tsumadinsky District) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kickapoo | Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo | United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Sonora, Durango) | Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma |
| Kiga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | Uganda, Rwanda | | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism |
| Kikuyu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu | Kenya (Central Province) | | Christianity |
| Kilba | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Huba | Nigeria (Hong) | | Christianity |
| Kinga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga | Tanzania (Kipengere Range) | | Christianity, Traditional African religion |
| Kiowa | Tanoan → Kiowa | United States (Oklahoma) | | Christianity, Native American Church |
| Kirantis | Sino-Tibetan → Kiranti | Nepal (Eastern Region) | Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha (including Athpare), Rai (including Kulung, Bantawa, and Bahing) | Kirat Mundhum |
| Kiribati | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Gilbertese | Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) | | Christianity, Baha'i Faith |
| Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi | Guinea, Sierra Leone | | Christianity |
| Klallam | Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam | United States (Olympic Peninsula, Kitsap Peninsula), Canada (Vancouver Island) | Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam | |
| Koches | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Koch | India (Assam, Meghalaya), northern Bangladesh | | Animism |
| Kodava | Dravidian → Tamil–Kodava–Urali → Kodava | India (Kodagu, Bangalore, Mysore) | | Hinduism |
| Kofyar | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Kofyar | Nigeria (Plateau State) | | Traditional African religions |
| Komi | Uralic → Permic → Komi | Russia (Komi Republic, Permyakia) | Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Izhma Komi | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Konda Reddis | Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu) | | |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo | Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola) | Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe | Christianity, Kongo religion |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo | Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda) | Nande | Christianity |
| Konkani | | India (Konkan) | Luso-Indians | Hinduism |
| Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Konso | Ethiopia (Konso) | | Traditional African religions |
| Koreanic languages, JSLic → Korean Sign | Korea (North Korea, South Korea), China (Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Xi'an District) | North Koreans (including in South Korea), South Koreans, Jeju Islanders, Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, Zainichi Koreans, Chaoxianzu (including in Japan and Korea) and along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, Russia (including North Koreans, Koryo-saram, and Sakhalin Koreans), China, Japan (including Zainichi Koreans), Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Iran, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, India, the Arab world, Africa (including South Africa), Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand, Micronesia, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic | Christianity → Protestantism and Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism → Korean Buddhism, Korean shamanism, Cheondoism, Unification Church, Juche |
| Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Koryak | Russia (Koryak Okrug) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism |
| Kosraeans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Kosraean | Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae) | | Christianity |
| Koyukon | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon | United States (Alaska) | | |
| Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle | Liberia, Guinea | | Traditional African religions |
| Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo | Togo (Plateaux), Ghana | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kraho | Macro-Je → Je → Kraho | Brazil (Terra Indigena Kraolandia) | | |
| Kristang | Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Kristang | Malaysia, Singapore | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Kru | Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties) | Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa | Christianity |
| Kryts | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Kryts | Azerbaijan | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kulin | Pama-Nyungan → Kulinic → Kulin | Australia (Victoria) | | Alcheringa |
| Kumandins | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Kumandy | Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
| Kumyks | | Russia (Kumykia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kumzari | Indo-European → Iranian → Kumzari | Oman (Kumzar) | | Islam → Ibadi Islam, Sunni Islam |
| Nilo-Saharan → Kunama | Eritrea, Ethiopia | | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Kurds | Indo-European → Iranian → Kurdish, Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Zaza–Gorani, Kurdish Sign language | Kurdistan (Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), Syria (Western Kurdistan), Turkey (Northern Kurdistan)), South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) | Bajalan, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Chechen Kurds, Yazidis, Yarsanis, Kurdish Christians, Shabaks, Sheylanli, Chalabianlu, Muzuri, along with significant populations in Iraq (including Yazidis), Iran, Syria (including Yazidis), Turkey (including Yazidis), Armenia (including Yazidis), Georgia (including Yazidis), Azerbaijan, France, Palestine, and Germany (including Yazidis) | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya; Islam → Alevism → Kurdish Alevism; Yazidism; Yarsanism; Zoroastrianism |
| Kuria | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria | Kenya, Tanzania | | Traditional African religions, Christianity |
| Kurukh | Dravidian → Kurukh | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau) | Kisan | Sarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism |
| Kuteb | Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb | Nigeria (Taraba State) | | Christianity |
| Kuwarranyji | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra → Kuwarranyji | Australia (Northern Territory) | | |
| Kvens | Uralic → Finnic → Finnish → Kven | Norway (Northern Norway) | | |
| Kwakwaka'wakw | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala | Canada (British Columbia) | | Native American religion |
| Kwaya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya | Tanzania (Mara Region) | | |
| Kwere | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere | Tanzania (Bagamoyo District) | | |
| Kwinti | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Kwinti | Suriname | | Christianity → Moravian Church |
| Kyrgyz | Turkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz, Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Sart Kalmyk | Kyrgyzstan | Sart Kalmyks, significant populations in Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Tengrism |
| Ladins | Indo-European → Romance → Ladin | Italy (Ladinia) | | |
| Laks | Northeast Caucasian → Lak | Russia (Lakia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Lamaholot | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Lamaholot | Indonesia (Solor) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Lampungs | Austronesian → Lampung | Indonesia (Lampung) | | Islam |
| Lani | Trans-New Guinea → Western Dani | Indonesia (Central Papua, Highland Papua) | | Christianity, Animism |
| Lao | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao | Laos | | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Satsana Phi |
| Larrakia | Larrakia | Australia (Northern Territory) | | Alcheringa |
| Latvians | Indo-European → Baltic → Latvian, Latgalian; Francosign → Russian Sign → Latvian Sign | Latvia | Latgalians, Kursenieki, Selonians | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Laz | Kartvelian → Zan → Laz[66] | Lazistan (Turkey, Georgia) | Turkish Laz, Georgian Laz | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Lega | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | Traditional African religions |
| Lemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique | | Christianity, Islam, Judaism |
| Lenape | Algic → Algonquian → Munsee, formerly Algic → Algonquian → Unami | United States, Canada | Munsee (including Christian Munsee (including Delaware Nation at Moraviantown), Stockbridge Munsee, Munsee-Delaware Nation), Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians | Traditional Lenape religion |
| Lenca | Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish | Honduras, El Salvador | | Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom |
| Lezgins | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Lezgian | Lezgistan (Russia, Azerbaijan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Lhoba | Adi, Bokar, Idu Mishmi[67] | China (Tibet), India (Arunachal Pradesh) | Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, Adi | Animism, Buddhism, Christianity |
| Lhotshampa | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali | Bhutan | | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Li | Kra–Dai → Hlai | China (Hainan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Limba | Niger–Congo → Limba | Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts) | | Christianity |
| Lipka Tatars | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian, Polish, Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian | Belarus, Poland, Lithuania | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Lisu | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Lisu | China, Myanmar | Lipo | Christianity → Protestantism → Lisu Christianity |
| Lithuanians | Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian, Lithuanian Sign | Lithuania, Poland (Podlaskie) | Samogitians, Aukštaitians, Lietuvninkai, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Poland and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Livonians | Uralic → Finnic → Livonian | Latvia, Estonia | | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Lodha | Austroasiatic → Munda → Lodhi | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal) | Lodha Muslims | Hinduism, Islam |
| Lom | Indo-European → Armenian and Indo-Aryan → Lomavren, Indo-European → Armenian | Armenia, Georgia, Turkey | | |
| Loloda | | Indonesia | | |
| Lombards | Indo-European → Romance → Italian, Lombard, Gallo-Italic of Sicily | Italy (Lombardy, Sicily) | Lombards of Sicily | |
| Lori | | Balochistan | | |
| Lower Cowlitz | Formerly Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz | United States (Cowlitz Reservation, Quinault Reservation, Chehalis Reservation) | | |
| Luba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lubaland) | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua | Christianity |
| Lubu | Austronesian → Malayic → Lubu | Indonesia (Sumatra) | | |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya | Kenya (Western Province) | Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga, | Christianity |
| Lumbee | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English | United States (North Carolina) | | Christianity |
| Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo | Kenya | | Christianity |
| Lurs | Indo-European → Iranian → Luri | Iran (Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces) | Bakhtiari, Iranian Laks | Islam → Shia Islam, Yarsanism |
| Luritja | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Luritja | Australia (Northern Territory) | | Alcheringa |
| Luxembourgers | Indo-European → Germanic → Moselle Franconian → Luxembourgish | Luxembourg, Belgium (Arelerland), and surrounding regions | Significant populations in Brazil, Canada, and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Maasai | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai | Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya) | Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi | Traditional African religions |
| Macanese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Macanese Patois, Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Cantonese | China (Macau) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Macedonians | Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian | North Macedonia | Torbesh, Mijaks, Brsjaks, along with significant populations in Australia, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Greece | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Macushi | Cariban → Macushi | Guyana (Rupununi), Brazil (Roraima) | | Shamanism |
| Madi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda | | Christianity |
| Madurese | Austronesian → Madurese | Indonesia (Madura)[68] | Boyanese | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i |
| Mafa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Mafa | Cameroon | | Christianity |
| Magahi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Magahi | India (Magadha) | | Hinduism |
| Magars | Sino-Tibetan → Magar[69] | Nepal | Ale, Gharti, Chantayal, Saru, Pun | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Maguindanao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maguindanao | Philippines (Maguindanao) | | Islam |
| Mahar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra) | | Buddhism → Navayana Buddhism |
| Maithils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Maithili | Mithila (India, Nepal) | Karan Kayastha, Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaisya | Hinduism |
| Makaa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep | Cameroon (East Region, Centre Region) | South Makaa, North Makaa | |
| Makah | Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah | United States (Washington) | | Native American religion |
| Makassarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Makassarese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| West Papuan → North Halmahera → Moi, Austronesian → South Halmahera → Taba, | Indonesia (Makian) | Tabayama, Jitinee | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism |
| Makonde | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde | Tanzania, Mozambique (Mueda Plateau) | Machinga | Islam |
| Makua | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa | Mozambique | Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo | Traditional African religions |
| Malagasy | Austronesian → Malagasy | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius | Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo | Christianity, Malagasy religion |
| Malasar | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Malasar | India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) | | |
| Malayalis | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | India (Kerala) | Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Mappilas, Ezhava, Latheen Mappilas, St. Thomas Christians along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity |
| Malayarayans | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malaryan | India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu) | | Hinduism |
| Malays | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Brunei Malay Austronesian → Malayic → Jambi Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Pahang Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Terengganu Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Kedah Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Reman Malay, Francosign → ASLic → Malaysian Sign, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Sri Lanka Malay | Malay world (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei) | Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Loloan Malays, Proto-Malay (including Orang Kuala, Jakun, Orang Rimba, Orang Seletar, and Temuan) Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays, Thai Malays, Burmese Malays | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Maldivians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Maldivian | Maldives, India (Minicoy) | Mahls | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Maltese | Malta | Gozitans, with significant populations in Greece (including Corfu) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Austronesian → Timoric → Mambai | East Timor (Dili District) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Mambila | Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon) | Somyev | Traditional African religions |
| Manavs | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey (East Marmara Region, Marmara Region, Aegean Region) | | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi |
| Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Manchu[70] | Manchuria (China, Russia) | Significant populations in Taiwan | Shamanism |
| Mandaeans | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Aramaic → Mandaic | Southern Mesopotamia | Iraq, Iran | Mandaeism |
| Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Mandar | Indonesia (West Sulawesi) | | Islam |
| Mandinka | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding | Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal | Bolon | Islam |
| Mangalorean Catholics | Indo-European languages → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | India (Karnataka) | | Christianity → Roman Catholicism |
| Manggarai | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Manggarai | Indonesia (Manggarai) | | Christianity |
| Manjak | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal | | Traditional African religions |
| Mannan | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Mannan | India (Idukki district) | | Hinduism |
| Mansi | Uralic → Ugric → Mansi | Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) | | |
| Manx | Indo-European → Celtic → Manx, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manx English | Isle of Man (Crown Dependency) | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Māori | Austronesian → Polynesian → New Zealand Māori,[71] | New Zealand | Māori Indians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States | Christianity |
| Mappila Muslims | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam → Arabi Malayalam | India (Kerala, Lakshadweep) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Mapuche | Araucanian languages[72] | Chile (Araucania), Argentina | Huilliche, Moluche, Pehuenche, along with Mestizos such as Chileans | Christianity, Mapuche religion |
| Maranao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maranao | Philippines (Lanao) | | Islam |
| Marathi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra) | Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Bhoi | Hinduism, Jainism |
| Uralic → Mari | Russia (Mari El) | Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari, Eastern Mari, Mountain Mari | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Mari Native Religion |
| Maronites | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Western Aramaic,[73] Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Cypriot Arabic | Lebanon | Significant populations in Syria, Cyprus and Israel along with the greater Lebanese diaspora | Christianity → Maronite Catholicism |
| Marquesas Islanders | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesians → Polynesian → Marquesan | France (Marquesas Islands) | | Christianity |
| Marshallese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Marshallese | Marshall Islands | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Masa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Masana | Cameroon, Chad | | Christianity, Islam |
| Nilo-Saharan → Masalit | Sudan, Chad | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Matagi | | Japan (Ani, Shirakami-Sanchi) | | |
| Matawai | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname | | Christianity → Moravian Church |
| Mauritian Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole | | | Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari |
| Maya | Mayan, Mayan Sign | Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas) | Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Xinca, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Chʼol, and Tzʼutujil | Christianity → Catholicism, Maya religion |
| Mazahua | Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua | Mexico (State of Mexico) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mazandaranis | Indo-European → Iranian → Western Iranian → Mazanderani | Iran (Mazandaran) | | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Mazatec | Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Ayautla | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mbaka | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mbugu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Niger–Congo and Afro-Asiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Tanzania (Usambara Mountains) | | |
| Megleno-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Megleno-Romanian | Greece (Almopia) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Mehri | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Mehri | Oman (Dhofar Governorate), Yemen (Al Mahrah Governorate, Socotra) | | Islam |
| Meitei | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Meitei | India (Manipur) | Loi | Hinduism → Vaishnavism |
| Melanau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Melanau | Malaysia (Sarawak) | | Islam |
| Melungeons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English | United States (Appalachia) | Carmel Indians | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists |
| Mende | Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende | Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces) | | Islam |
| Mennonites | | | Russian Mennonites, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), with significant populations in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay | Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism |
| Métis | Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif, Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi | Canada (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Northwestern Ontario), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana) | Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis | Christianity |
| Miami | Algic → Algonquian → Miami | United States (Illinois) | Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw | Christianity, Native American religion |
| Miccosukee | Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation) | | |
| Mien | Hmong–Mien → Mienic | China (Hunan, Guizhou), Vietnam | Iu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon, San Diu | Yao folk religion |
| Mijikenda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda | Kenya (Coast Province) | Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai | Christianity |
| Minahasan | Austronesian → Philippine → Minahasan, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay-based creole → Manado Malay | Indonesia (Minahasa Peninsula) | Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, Tonsea | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Minangkabau | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau, Austronesian → Malayic → Negeri Sembilan Malay | Indonesia (Minangkabau Highlands), Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan) | Overseas Minangkabau | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Misak | Barbacoan → Northern Barbacoan → Coconucan → Nam Trik | Colombia (Cauca) | | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
| Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Mishar Tatar, Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia (Penza Oblast, Mordovia, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Chuvashia, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Tatarstan, Samara Oblast, Saratov Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Bashkortostan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Mising | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Mising | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh) | | Donyi-Polo, Ekasarana Dharma |
| Miskito | | Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras) | Miskito Sambu | Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church |
| Mixe | Mixe–Zoque → Mixe | Mexico (Oaxaca) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mixtec | Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec | Mexico (La Mixteca) | Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mi'kmaq | Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq | Canada (Mi'kma'ki), United States (Maine) | Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Moghols | Indo-European → Iranian → Dari, formerly Mongolic → Moghol | Afghanistan | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Mohawk | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk | Canada (Quebec, Ontario), United States (New York) | | Animism, Christianity |
| Moken | Austronesian → Moken | Thailand, Myanmar (Mergui Archipelago, Surin Islands) | | Buddhism |
| Mokshas | Uralic → Mordvinic → Moksha | Russia (Mordovia) | | |
| Moldovans | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Moldovan, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Moldova Sign | Moldova | Significant populations in Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Italy and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Molokans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Uralic → Mordvinic → Erzya | Eastern Europe and the Caucasus | Erzya Molokans,[74] Subbotnik Molokans, along with significant populations in Armenia | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity |
| Mon | | Myanmar (Mon State) | | |
| Monacans | Formerly Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo | | | |
| Monegasques | Indo-European → Romance → Ligurian → Monegasque | Monaco | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi) | Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela | Christianity |
| Mongolic languages, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Mongolian Sign | China (Inner Mongolia, Dorbetia, Bayingolin, Dzungaria, Subei-Mongolia, Santania, Kharchinia), Mongolia | Khalkha, Oirats (including Manchurian Öelets),[75] Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Yugur, Khatso, Bonan, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Altai Uriankhai, Ordos, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Koke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Zakhchin, Hishigten, Dorbet, Muumyangan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Olot, Sunud, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Eljigin, Choros, Qaidam, Fujin, with significant populations in India, the Czech Republic, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Canada | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism |
| Mongondow | Austronesian → Philippine → Mongondow | Indonesia (Mongondowia) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Montenegrins | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Montenegrin | Montenegro and surrounding regions | Significant populations in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovinia, Croatia, Slovenia, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Germany, Luxembourg, Argentina, the United States, Australia, | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Moravians | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech → Moravian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Moriori | Austronesian → Polynesian → Moriori,[76] Indo-European → Germanic → English[77] | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | | Christianity including Rātana |
| Mormons[78] | Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Mountain States) | | Christianity → Mormonism |
| Mossi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi | Burkina Faso (Mossiland) | | Islam |
| Mosuo | Sino-Tibetan → Naish → Na | China (Sichuan and Yunnan) | | Daba, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism |
| Motu | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Motu | Papua New Guinea (Central Province) | | Christianity, Shamanism |
| Mudburra | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra | Australia (Northern Territory) | | |
| Mughal | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani, formerly Indo-European → Iranian → Persian | India, Pakistan, Bangladesh | | Islam |
| Muhajir | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Urdu | Pakistan | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Mumuye | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye | Nigeria (Taraba State) | | Traditional African religions |
| Munanese | Austronesian → Celebic → Munanese | Indonesia (Muna) | | Islam |
| Mundas | Austroasiatic → Munda → Mundari | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal) | Sabar, Mahali | Sarnaism |
| Murut | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Murutic | Malaysia (Murutia) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Muscogee | Muskogean → Muscogee, Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia) | Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen | Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society |
| Musgum | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Musgu | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est) | | Islam |
| Muslimani | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian[79] | Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, North Macedonia | | Islam |
| Muthuvans | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Muthuvan | India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu) | | Hinduism |
| Mwera | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera | Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions) | | Islam |
| Nagas | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga, formerly Angami Naga Sign | India (Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam), Myanmar (Naga Self-Administered Zone) | Angami, Ao, Chakhesang (including Chokri and Khezha), Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Mao, Maram, Maring, Nocte, Phom, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sumi, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tikhir, Wancho, Yimkhiung, Zeliangrong (Zemi, Liangmei, Rongmei/Kabui), Lamkang Naga | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists, |
| Nagpuri | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Sadri | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau) | Chik Baraik | Hinduism |
| Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl | | Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil, along with Mestizos such as Mexicans | Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion |
| Nakoda | Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) | Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney | |
| Nama | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Namaland), South Africa | Oorlams | Christianity |
| Nanai | Tungusic → Nanai, Tungusic → Kili | Russia, China | | Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism |
| Naso | Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe | Panama (Bocas del Toro) | | Native American religion |
| Natchez | Natchez language | United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina) | Eastern Band | |
| Nauruans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Nauruan | Nauru | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Navajo | Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo, Navajo Family Sign | United States (Navajo Nation) | | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church |
| Ndendeule | Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule | Tanzania | |
| Nenets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Nenets | Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Forest Nenets, Tundra Nenets | Shamanism, Animism |
| Newars | Sino-Tibetan → Newar | Nepal (Kathmandu Valley) | Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, Chitrakar | Hinduism, Buddhism → Vajrayana → Newar Buddhism |
| Nez Perce | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Idaho, Washington) | | Waashat Religion, Christianity |
| Ngabe | Chibchan → Guaymi | Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Ngaju | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Ngaju | Indonesia (Central Kalimantan) | Bakumpai, Meratus | Kaharingan |
| Ngalop | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Dzongkha | Bhutan | Kheng, Bumthang | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon |
| Nganasans | Uralic → Samoyedic → Nganasan; formerly Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Taimyr Pidgin Russian | Russia (Taymyr Autonomous Okrug) | | Animism, Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Ngbandi | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic | Yakoma | Christianity |
| Ngoni | | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia | | |
| Nias | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Nias | Indonesia (Nias) | | Christianity |
| Nicobarese | Austroasiatic → Nicobarese | India (Nicobar Islands) | | Christianity, Animism |
| Nipmucs | Formerly Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Algic → Algonquian → Massachusett | United States (Chaubunagungamaug Reservation, Hassanamisco Reservation) | Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation | |
| Niueans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Polynesian → Niuean | New Zealand (Niue) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Nivkhs | Nivkh languages | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast) | | Shamanism |
| Nkole | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore | Uganda (Ankole) | | Christianity, Ruhanga |
| Nogais | | Russia (North Caucasus) | Ak Nogai, Karagash | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Norfolk Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn–Norfolk → Norfuk | Australia (Norfolk Island) | | Irreligion, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism[80] |
| Norwegians | Indo-European → Germanic → Norwegian; Indo-European → Germanic → Dano-Norwegian → Urban East Norwegian, Bokmål, Riksmål; Francosign → DTSic → Norwegian Sign | Norway | Kola Norwegians, Svalbarders, along with Significant populations in the United States, and Norwegian Canadians | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Nubis | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi | Uganda, Kenya | Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis | |
| Nubians | Nilo-Saharan → Nubian | Nubia (Egypt, Sudan) | Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali) | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer | South Sudan (Nuerland) | | Traditional African religions |
| NunatuKavummiut | | Canada (NunatuKavut) | | |
| Kra–Dai → Tai → Nùng | Vietnam, China (Guangxi) | | Moism |
| Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Nuristani | Afghanistan (Nuristan) | Safed-Posh Kaffirs (including Askunis), Kamkata-viris (including Kata and Kom) | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Nuu-chah-nulth | Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth | Canada (British Columbia) | | Native American religion |
| Nuxalk | Salishan → Nuxalk | Canada (British Columbia) | | Native American religion |
| Nyambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo | Tanzania (Karagwe District, Kagera Region) | | |
| Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Nishi | India (Arunachal Pradesh) | | Christianity |
| Ōbeikei Islanders | Indo-European → English Creole → Bonin English | Japan (Bonin Islands) | | Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto |
| Occitans | Indo-European → Romance → Occitan, Indo-European → Romance → Gardiol | Occitania (France, Italy, Spain) | Aranese, Auvergnats, Provencals, Languedociens, Gascons, Nicois, Guardiota, Monégasque Occitans | Christianity |
| Odawa | Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa | Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan) | | |
| Odia | | India (Odisha) | Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria | Hinduism |
| Ogiek | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek | Kenya (Mau Forest, Mount Elgon) | | Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion[81] |
| Ogoni | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni | Nigeria (Ogoniland) | Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ | Christianity |
| Ogu | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun | Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun State), Benin | | |
| Oji-Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree | Canada (Ontario, Manitoba) | | |
| Ojibwe | Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe[82] | Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States) | Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians | Midewiwin |
| Okies | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Oklahoman English | United States (Oklahoma, California) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Southern Baptist |
| Oku | Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English | Sierra Leone, The Gambia | | Islam |
| Oneida | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin) | | Longhouse Religion |
| Onge | Ongan → Onge | India (Little Andaman Island) | | Animism |
| Onondaga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York) | | |
| Orcadians | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Orcadian, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Scottish English, BANZSL → British Sign, formerly Indo-European → Germanic → Norn | United Kingdom (Orkney) | | |
| Ormurs | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Eastern Iranian → Ormuri | Afghanistan (Logar Province), Pakistan (South Waziristan) | | Islam |
| Orochs | Tungusic → Udegheic → Oroch | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Primorsky Krai) | | |
| Oromo | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Oromo | Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya | Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Oroqens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Oroqen | China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia) | | |
| Ossetians | Indo-European → Iranian → Ossetian | Ossetia (Russia, Georgia) | Iron, Digor, Kudar, Trialeti Ossetians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Ot Danum | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Ot Danum | Indonesia (West and Central Kalimantan) | Lawangan, Ma'anyan | Kaharingan |
| Otomi | Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi | Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Queretaro) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Ovambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo | Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola | | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu | Angola | | Christianity |
| Pākehā | Indo-European → Germanic→English → New Zealand English | New Zealand | | Irreligion, Christianity |
| Palau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Palauan, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Palauan English | Palau | | Christianity, Modekngei |
| Palawa | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Palawa kani, formerly Tasmanian languages | Australia (Tasmania) | | Alcheringa |
| Palembangese | Austronesian → Malayic → Palembang | Indonesia (South Sumatra) | | |
| Palula | Indo-European → Dardic → Palula | Pakistan (Chitral District) | | |
| Pamiris | Indo-European → Iranian → Pamir | Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China) | Shughni, Sarikoli (including Tajiks of Xinjiang), Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, Ishkashimi | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism |
| Pangasinese | Austronesian → Philippine → Pangasinan | Philippines (Pangasinan) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Papel | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel | Guinea-Bissau (Biombo Region) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Parachis | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Eastern Iranian → Parachi | Afghanistan (Nijrab District, Kabul) | | Islam |
| Paramaccan | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ndyuka | Suriname (Pamacca) | | Winti |
| Pardo | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Pare | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Tanzania (Pare Mountains) | | Islam |
| Parsis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujaratic → Gujarati | | | Zoroastrianism |
| Pashayi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Pashayi | Afghanistan (Laghman, Kapisa and Nangarhar Provinces) | | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism |
| Pashtuns | Indo-European → Iranian → Pashto | Pashtunistan (Afghanistan, Pakistan) | Kakar, Ghilji (including Lodi (including Niazi, Hotak (including Babai), and Lohani (including Marwat))), Punjabi Pathans (including Malerkotla Pathans and Multani Pathans), Tareen, Bettani (including Shirani), Afridi, Bangash, Durrani, and other Pashtun tribes, with significant populations in the United States, India, Sri Lanka, | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Sikhism |
| Pataxó | Macro-Jê → Maxakalian → Pataxó | Brazil (Bahia) | | Shamanism |
| Pedi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho–Tswana → Sepedi | South Africa (Limpopo) | | Christianity |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | Christianity |
| Pennsylvania Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English | United States (Pennsylvania) | Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren) | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Persians | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian, Indo-European → Iranian → Achomi | Iran (Fars) | Arab-Persians, Achomi, Sistanis, Dezfulis, Shushtaris, along with significant populations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Israel, Bahrain, Australia, and Sweden | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Islam → Sufism → Ni'matullāhī, Safaviyya, Zoroastrianism, Baha'i |
| Piapoco | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Piapoco | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela | | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
| Pied-Noir | Indo-European → Romance → French | Algeria | | Christianity |
| Pitcairn Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Pitkern | British Overseas Territories (Pitcairn Islands) | Significant population in Norfolk Island, along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand[83] | Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism |
| Pitjantjara | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Pitjantjara | Australia (Central Australia) | | Alcheringa |
| Podlashuks | Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian or Belarusian → Podlachian | Poland (Podlachia) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism |
| Pohnpeian | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Pohnpeian | Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei) | | Christianity |
| Poles | Indo-European → Slavic → Polish | Poland and surrounding regions | Masovians (including Bambers, Kurpies, Łowiczans, Masurians, Międzyrzec Boyars, Poborzans, Podlachians), Greater Polish (including Kaliszans, Kuyavians (including Kuyavian Borowiaks), and Taśtaks), Lesser Polish (including Cracovians, Lasovians, Lublinians, Sącz Lachs, and Sandomierzans), Kociewians, Łęczycans, Polish Uplanders, Sieradzans, Borderlands Poles (including Bug River Poles), Tuchola Borowians, Kocievians,, and Warmians, as well as Significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Germany, Canada, Iceland, Sweden, France, Armenia,the United Kingdom, Argentina, Belarus, Russia, Australia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Ireland, and Norway | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Poleshuks | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian or Ukrainian → West Polesian | Polesia (Belarus, Poland, Russia, Ukraine) | | |
| Portuguese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Indo-European → Romance → Minderico, Indo-European → Romance → Barranquenho, SSLic → Portuguese Sign | Portugal | Alentejans, Algarveans, Azoreans, Barranquenhos,[84] Beiroes, Madeirans, Mindericos, Minhotos, Ribatejanos, Transmontanos, with significant populations in Africa (including Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, South Africa), Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Luxembourg, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Potawatomi | Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi | Canada (Ontario), United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin) | | |
| Potiguara | Tupian → Potiguara, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil (Paraíba) | | Shamanism |
| Powhatans | Indo-European → Germanic → English; formerly Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian | United States (Tsenacommacah) | | |
| | Punjab (Pakistan (Punjab), India (Punjab)) | Arain, Awan, Gujjars, Jat, Khatris, Punjabi Rajputs, Sikhs, along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Sunni Islam → Ahmadiyya, Hinduism, Sikhism |
| Punjabi Mexican Americans | | United States (California) | | |
| Purepecha | Purepecha | Mexico (Michoacan) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Qarai Turks | Turkic, Indo-European → Iranian → Persian | Iran (Kerman Province) | | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Qaratays | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Qataray | Russia (Kamsko-Ustyinsky District) | | |
| Qashqai | | Iran (Fars Province) | | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Qiang | Sino-Tibetan → Qiangic | China (Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture) | | Qiang folk religion |
| Quechan | Yuman → Quechan | United States (Arizona, California) | | Native American religion, Christianity |
| Quechuan | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina | Ayacucho, Cajamarca–Canaris, Central, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Inga, Kichwa, Lamas, North Bolivian, Pacaraos, Puno, Santiagueno, South Bolivian | Christianity → Catholicism, Inca religion |
| Quileute | Chimakuan → Quileute | United States (Washington) | | Native American religion |
| Rabari | | India (Kutch District) | | Hinduism |
| Qulla | Quechuan → Southern Quechua | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Rade | Austronesian → Chamic → Rade | Central Highlands, Vietnam | | Christianity |
| Raizal | Indo-European → Germanic → English → San Andres-Providencia Creole | Colombia (Archipelago of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina) | | Christianity |
| Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rajasthani | India (Rajasthan) | Charan, Kachhi, Marwari, Meena, Rajputs (including Chandels, Mahyavanshi, and Molesalam) | Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism |
| Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kamtapuri | India (Assam, West Bengal), Bangladesh | | Hinduism |
| Rakhine | | Myanmar (Rakhine State) | Marma | |
| Ramkokamekra | Macro-Je → Je → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region) | | |
| Ranquel | Araucanian → Mapudungun → Ranquel | Argentina (La Pampa Province) | | |
| Rapa Nui | Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa Nui | Chile (Easter Island) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Redbones | | United States (Louisiana) | | Christianity |
| Reisende | | Norway | | Christianity |
| Rejangese | | Indonesia (Rejang Lebong Regency) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Rendille | Kenya (Eastern Province) | | Waaq |
| Resians | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene → Resian | Italy (Resia, Friuli) | | |
| Rhodesians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English | Zimbabwe | Significant populations in the United Kingdom | Christianity |
| Rifians | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Tarifit | Morocco | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Rohingyas | | Myanmar (Rakhine State) | | Islam |
| Roma | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Romani, Para-Romani,[85] Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Boyash | Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Caucasus | Kalderash, Iberian Cales (including Spanish Cales, Portuguese Cales, Brazilian Cales), Erromintxela, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Romanichal (including Scottish Romanichal Travellers), Lowland Scottish Travellers, Sinti (including Manouches), Belaruska Roma, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, Ruska Roma, Crimean Roma, Gurbeti, Xoraxane Roma (including Turkish Roma, Zargari, and Arlije), Romanisal, Bergitka Roma, Polska Roma, Cascarots, Ursari, Balshade), Romanlar (including Turkish Roma, Sepetçi, Ayjides, Yerli, and Çerge), Wallachian Roma, Servitka Roma, Lovari, Boyash, along with significant populations in Albania, Algeria (including Beni Ades), Australia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States (including Balshade), and Uruguay | Christianity, Islam |
| Indo-European → Romance → Romanian | Romania, Moldova | Wallachians (including Oltenians and Muntenians), Moldavians, along with significant populations in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Romansh | Indo-European → Romance → Romansh | Switzerland (Grisons) | | Christianity |
| Rotenese | Austronesian → Timoric → Rotenese | Indonesia (Rote Island) | Dela, Oenale | Christianity |
| Rotumans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Rotuman | Fiji (Rotuma) | | |
| Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Francosign → Russian Sign | Russia | Caucasus Russians, Siberians, Cossacks (including Kuban Cossacks and Nekrasov Cossacks), Pomors, Lipovans, Subbotniks, Old Believers, Alaskan Russians (including Alaskan Creoles, Alaskan Old Believers), along with significant populations in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (including Hong Kong), Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia, the United States, Uzbekistan | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Indo-European → Slavic → Carpathian Rusyn, Pannonian Rusyn | Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland),[86] Pannonian Plain (Croatia, Serbia) | Pannonian Rusyns, Lemkos, Hutsuls, Boykos,,, with significant populations in the United States and Romania | Christianity → Eastern Catholicism |
| Rutuls | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Rutul | Russia (Dagestan), Azerbaijan | | |
| Ryukyuans | Japonic → Ryukyuan;[87] Japonic → Japanese → Okinawan Japanese, Amami Japanese; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Koniya Sign Language | Japan (Ryukyu Islands) | Amami (including Kikai, Amami Ōshima (including Setouchi), Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu, and Yoron), Okinawans (including Kunigami) Miyakoans, Tarama, Yaeyama, Yonaguni, with significant populations in, Brazil, and the United States (including Hawaii) | Irreligion
- Ryukyuan religion; Christianity → Catholicism → Ryukyuan Catholicism
|
| Saho | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Saho | Eritrea, Ethiopia | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Sahrawis | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic | Western Sahara | Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna, Tajakant, Aït Oussa | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Saint Helenians | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Saint Helena | | Christianity → Anglicanism |
| Saint Thomas Christians | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | India (Kerala) | Northists, Knanayas | Christianity → Saint Thomas Christianity |
| Sakizaya | Austronesian → East Formosan → Sakizaya | Hualien County (Taiwan) | | Animism, Christianity |
| Salar | Turkic → Oghuz → Salar | China (Qinghai, Gansu) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Salinan | Hokan → Salinan | United States (California) | | Native American religion |
| Sama-Bajau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw | Maritime Southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei) | Sama (including Banguingui), Bajaw, Abaknon | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Samana Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samana English | Dominican Republic (Samana Province) | | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism |
| Samaritans | Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew, Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → South Levantine Arabic → Palestinian Arabic, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Samaritan Hebrew, Afro-Asiatic → Aramaic → Samaritan Aramaic | Israel | | Samaritanism |
| Sambal | Austronesian → Philippine → Sambalic | Philippines (Zambales) | Bolinao, Botolan (including Banguingui) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Uralic → Sámi, formerly Uralic → Sámi → Akkala Sámi, Uralic → Sámi → Kemi Sámi, Kainuu Sámi | Sapmi (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia) | Inari Sámi, Kildin Sámi, Lule Sámi, Northern Sámi, Pite Sámi, Skolt Sámi, Southern Sámi, Ter Sámi, Ume Sámi, Akkala Sámi | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Sammarinese | Indo-European → Romance → Romagnol → Sammarinese, Indo-European → Romance → Italian | San Marino | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Samoans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan | Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa) | American Samoans | Christianity |
| Sandawe | Sandawe | Tanzania (Chemba District) | | Traditional African Religion, Islam |
| Sangirese | Austronesian → Philippine → Sangirese | Indonesia (Sangihe Islands), Philippines (Mindanao) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Sankethi Brahmin | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sankethi | India (Karnataka) | | Hinduism → Advaita Vedanta |
| Santal | Austroasiatic → Munda → Santali | India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara | Chad, Central African Republic | Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay | Traditional African religions |
| Saramaka | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname | | Winti, Christianity → Moravian Church |
| Sardinians | Indo-European → Romance → Sardinian, Indo-European → Romance → Sassarese, Indo-European → Romance → Gallurese | Italy (Sardinia) | Logudorese, Campidanese, Sassarese, Gallurese | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sasak | Austronesian → Sasak | Indonesia (Lombok) | | Islam |
| Saurashtras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saurashtra | India (South India) | | Hinduism → Vaishnavism, Hinduism → Shaivism |
| Savu | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba → Hawu | India (Savu) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Scots | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Scottish English, Indo-European → Germanic → Scots, Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Ulster Scots, Shetlanders, Highlanders, Lowlanders, Berwickers, along with significant populations in the United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, Argentina, Russia, and the Bahamas | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Selkups | Uralic → Samoyedic → Selkup | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tyumen Oblast) | | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Seminoles | Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole | United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila) | Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles | |
| Semnanis | Indo-European → Iranian → Semnani | Iran (Semnan) | Biyabunakis, Sangsaris, Sorkheis, Aftaris, Lasgerdis | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism |
| Seneca | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma) | | |
| Sentinelese | Sentinelese | India (North Sentinel Island) | | |
| Senufo | Niger–Congo → Senufo | Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso | Nafana, Minyanka | Traditional African religions |
| | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska), Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Romania, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, North Macedonia | Kosovo Serbs, Montenegrin Serbs, Croatian Serbs, Bosnian Serbs, Macedonian Serbs, Romanian Serbs, Hungarian Serbs, Albanian Serbs, Bulgarian Serbs, Slovenian Serbs, Vojvodinian Serbs, Triestine Serbs, Serb Muslims, along with significant populations in Greece, Germany, Austria, France, Slovakia, and Sweden | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Serer | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Serer | Senegal | Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi | Islam, Serer religion |
| Seychellois Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Seychellois Creole | Seychelles | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Shan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Shan | Myanmar (Shan State) | | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Sharchops | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla | Bhutan (Lhuntse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Trashigang, and Trashiyangtse Districts) | | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon |
| Shawnee | Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee | United States (Oklahoma, formerly Ohio) | Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe | |
| Sherbro | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Mel → Sherbro | Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island) | | Traditional African religions |
| Shilha | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Shilha | Morocco | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk | South Sudan | Gule | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Shina | Indo-European → Dardic → Shina, Indo-European → Dardic → Kohistani Shina | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) | Kohistani Shina | Islam |
| Shirazi | Niger–Congo → Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros | Zanzibaris, and Maore | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Shiriana | Arawakan → Shiriana, Arutani language | Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon rainforest), Venezuela (Amazon rainforest) | Auake | |
| Shompen | Shompen | India (Great Nicobar Island) | | Animism |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe (Mashonaland) | Manyika, Ndau | Christianity |
| Shopi | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian | Shopluk (Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia) | | |
| Shors | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Shor | Russia (Kemerovo Oblast) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Shor Shamanism |
| Shoshone | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni | Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States) | Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute | Native American Church, Christianity |
| Sibe | Tungusic → Xibe | China (Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang) | | Shamanism |
| Siberian Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Siberian Tatar | Russia (Western Siberia) | Baraba Tatars, Chats, Eushta Tatars, Kalmak Tatars, Zabolotnie Tatars | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Siberian Yupik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, Eskaleut → Eskimo → Naukan | Russia (Chukchi Peninsula), United States (St. Lawrence Island) | Naukan | Shamanism |
| Sicilians | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Siculo-Arabic | Italy (Sicily) | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sidama | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama | Ethiopia (Sidamia) | | Christianity |
| Siddi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili[88] → Sidi | Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sindh), India (Karnataka, Gujarat, Hyderabad) | | Islam |
| Sierra Leone Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis | Sierra Leone | Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity |
| Sika | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Sika | Indonesia (Sikka Regency) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Silesians | Indo-European → Slavic → Silesian, Indo-European → Germanic → High German → Silesian German | Silesia (Poland, Germany, Czech Republic) | Cieszyn Vlachs,, along with significant populations in the United States (including Texas) | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Siltʼe | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe | Ethiopia (Siltia) | | Islam |
| Sindhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sindhi | Pakistan (Sindh) | Jat, Memon, Arain, Indian Sindhis | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Hinduism |
| Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | | Dewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers (including Portuguese Burghers and Dutch Burghers) | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Siona | Tucanoan → Western Tucanoan → Siona | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo) | | Animism |
| Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux[89] | United States (Lakotah) | Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton) | Native American religion |
| Sirenik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik,[90] formerly Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik | Russia (Sireniki) | | |
| Skokomish | Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana | United States (Skokomish Indian Reservation) | | |
| Slavey | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey | Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories) | Deh Cho, Sahtu | Christianity, Animism |
| Slovaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak | Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, and surrounding regions | Significant populations in Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, Serbia, Croatia, United States, Australia, and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Slovenes | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Slovenia, Austria (Carinthia), Hungary, Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Croatia (Istria, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Zagreb), and surrounding regions | Hungarian Slovenes (including Rába Slovenes), Carinthian Slovenes, Prekmurje Slovenes, Italian Slovenes, Croatian Slovenes along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Australia, Uruguay, Venezuela, Argentina, Croatia, and Italy | Christianity → Catholicism |
| | Uganda (Busoga) | | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Somalis | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Somali | Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya) | Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i |
| Songhai | Songhay languages | West Africa | Songhai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, Dendi | Islam |
| | | | Islam → Sunni Islam → Maliki |
| Sonsorolese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Sonsorolese | Palau (Sonsorol) | | Christianity |
| Soqotris | Afro-Asiatic → Modern South Arabian → Soqotri | Yemen (Socotra) | | Islam |
| Sorbs | Indo-European → Slavic → Sorbian | Lusatia (Germany, Poland) | Upper Sorbs, Lower Sorbs, with significant populations in the United States (including Texas) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sotho | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho | | | Christianity |
| Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Dalzell, Sumter County, South Carolina) | | Islam |
| South Sea Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia (Queensland) | | |
| Soyots | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Soyot | Russia (Okinsky District) | | Shamanism |
| Spaniards | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Indo-European → Romance → Extremaduran, Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese, Indo-European → Romance → Barranquenho, Spanish Sign language | Spain, Portugal (Barrancos) | Andalusians, Barranquenhos, Castilians, Leonese, Cantabrians, Extremadurans, Mercheros | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sri Lankan Chetties | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka | | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Sri Lanka Kaffirs | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese Creole → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | | | Christianity → Catholicism, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Sri Lanka Malays | Austronesian → Malay creoles → Sri Lankan Malay | Sri Lanka | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Sri Lankan Moors | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil | Sri Lanka | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui → Sui | China (Sandu Shui Autonomous County) | | Animism |
| Sukuma | | Tanzania | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| | Indonesia (Sula Islands Regency) | , Falahu, Fatcei, Mangon | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism |
| Sumba | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba | Indonesia (Sumba) | Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, Wanukaka | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Sumbawa | Austronesian → Sumbawa | Indonesia (Sumbawa) | | Islam |
| Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Sundanese-Baduy | Indonesia (Java) | Bantenese, Baduy, Ciptagelar | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Surma | Nilo-Saharan → Surmic | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo | Traditional African religions |
| Susu | Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu | Guinea, Sierra Leone (Kambia) | | Islam |
| Swahili | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros) | | Islam |
| | | | Christianity → African Zionism |
| Indo-European → Germanic → Swedish, Indo-European → Germanic → Dalecarlian, Indo-European → Germanic → East Danish → Scanian, Indo-European → Germanic → Gutnish, Indo-European → Germanic → Norrlandic, Indo-European → Germanic → Jamtska, SSLic → Swedish Sign | Sweden, Estonia (Aiboland) | Scanians, Jamtish, Gutnish, Dalecarlians, Estonian Swedes along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Argentina, and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Sylhetis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti | Bangladesh (Sylhet Division), India (Barak Valley) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Syrian Turkmen | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Syrian Turkmen | Syria | | Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism |
| | Indonesia (Jailolo) | | Animism |
| Tabasaran | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tabasaran | Russia (Dagestan (Tabasaransky District)) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Tagalogs | Austronesian → Philippine → Tagalog | Philippines | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Tagish | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish | Canada (Yukon) | | |
| Tahitians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian | France (Tahiti) | | Christianity |
| Tahltan | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan | Canada (Northern British Columbia) | | |
| Tahtacı | | Turkey (Aegean Region, Mediterranean Region) | | Islam and Shamanism → Shia Islam and Shamanism → Alevism and Shamanism |
| Taidnapam | Formerly Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz; Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon | United States (Yakama Indian Reservation) | Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz | |
| Taino | Arawakan → Taino | Greater Antilles | | Native American religion |
| Tajiks | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Tajik, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Russian Sign → Tajik Sign | Central Asia | Kharduri | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Tallensi | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Talni | Ghana (Tallensi Traditional Area), Burkina Faso | | Tallensi religion |
| Talysh | Indo-European → Iranian → Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran | | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Tama | Nilo-Saharan → Tama | Chad, Sudan | | Islam |
| Tamangs | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tamang | Nepal, India (Sikkim) | Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Tamils | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Malayic → Malay-based creoles → Malay Chetty | India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka (Northern and Eastern Provinces) | Indian Tamils (including Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka[91]), Sri Lankan Tamils (including Negombo Tamils), Chitty, Giraavaru, Ambattar, along with significant populations in Malaysia, South Africa, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France (including Malbars) | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism |
| Tampuans | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Tampuan | Cambodia (Ratanakiri) | | Animism |
| Tanana Athabaskans | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross | United States (Interior Alaska), Canada (Western Yukon) | Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana | |
| Tao | Malayo-Polynesian → Philippine → Batanic →Yami-Itbayat | Taiwan (Orchid Island) | | Christianity, Anitism |
| Taos | Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos | United States (Taos Pueblo) | | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity |
| Tapayuna | Macro-Jê → Jê → Tapayuna | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | | Ethnoreligion |
| Tarok | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok | Nigeria (Plateau State) | | Christianity |
| Tausūg | Austronesian → Bisayan → Tausug | Philippines (Sulu Archipelago) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Austronesian → Philippine → Tboli | Philippines (South Cotabato) | | Anitism |
| Tebers | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Teberce | Turkey, Syria, Balkans | | Islam → Alevism |
| Tehuelche | Araucanian → Mapudungun, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | | |
| Teke | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Teke | Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo | | |
| Telengits | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Telengit | Russia (Altai Republic) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Burkhanism |
| Telugus | Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) | Kamma, Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala, Kaikalas, Adi Andhra | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity |
| Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Temne | Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone) | | Islam |
| Terena | Arawakan → Terena, Brazilian Sign language, Terena Sign language | Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul) | | Shamanism |
| | Indonesia (Ternate) | Tubo, Tobona, Tabanga, Toboleu, Ibu, Jailolo, Ternate-Portuguese | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism |
| Thais | Kra–Dai → Tai → Thai | | Southern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, Tai Lue, Thai Americans | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Tharus | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tharu | Terai (Nepal, India) | Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, Rana | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Tibetans | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tibetic, Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla → Pemako Tshangla, Tibetan Sign | | Amdolese (including Golok and Tebbu), Khams, U-Tsang (including Ngari and Walung), Pemakopas, Changpa, Baima, Kachee | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon |
| Ticuna | Ticuna–Yuri → Ticuna | Brazil (Amazonas) | | Shamanism |
| Tidore | | Indonesia (Tidore) | | Islam |
| Tigrayans | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya | Eritrea (Eritrean Highlands), Ethiopia (Tigrayia) | | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Tigre | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Tigre | Eritrea | | Islam |
| Tiv | Niger–Congo → Tiv | Nigeria (Benue State) | | Christianity |
| Tiwa | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Tiwa | India (Assam, Meghalaya) | | Hinduism |
| Tiwi | Tiwi | Australia (Tiwi Islands) | | Alcheringa |
| Tlapanec | Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec | Mexico (Guerrero) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Tlingit | Na-Dene → Tlingit | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska, Washington) | | Alaska Native religion |
| Tobelo | | Indonesia (North Halmahera) | | Christianity → Protestantism, Animism, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Tofalars | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Tofa | Russia (Tofalariya) | | Christianity |
| Tokelauans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Tokelauan | | | Christianity → Congregationalism |
| | Tonga | Tongan Hawaiians | Christianity |
| Tooro | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro | Uganda (Tooro Kingdom) | Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi[92] | Christianity, Ruhanga |
| Toraja | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Toraja | Indonesia (Tana Toraja) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Torres Strait Islanders | Pama-Nyungan → Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Eastern Trans-Fly → Meriam, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Torres Strait Creole | Australia (Torres Strait Islands) | | |
| Toubou | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu | Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya) | Daza, Teda | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Toucouleur | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Pulaar | Senegal (Futa Tooro) | | Islam |
| Trawara | Indo-European → Dardic → Mankiyali | Pakistan (Danna, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) | | |
| Tripuri | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Kokborok | India (Tripura) | Jamatia, Murasing | Hinduism |
| Trumai | Trumai | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | | Animism |
| Tsakhurs | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tsakhur | Russia (Rutulsky District), Azerbaijan (Zagatala and Qakh districts) | | Islam → Sunni Islam[93] |
| Tsez | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Tsez | Russia (Tsuntinsky District) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Tsimshian | Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic | Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska) | Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw | Alaskan Native religion |
| Tsonga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga | Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Tswana | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana | Botswana, South Africa (South Tswanaland) | Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong | Christianity |
| Tuamotuans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Tuamotuan | France (Tuamotus) | | Christianity |
| Tujia | Sino-Tibetan → Tujia[94] | China (Wuling Mountains) | | Nuo folk religion |
| Tuluvas | Tulu | India (Karnataka) | | Hinduism |
| Tunica-Biloxi | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → French,[95] Tunica language, Formerly Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi | United States (Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation) | Biloxi, Tunica | |
| Tupuri | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Mayo-Kebbi) | | Christianity |
| Turkana | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana | Kenya (Turkanaland) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Turkmens | | Turkmenistan, Iran (Turkmen Sahra), Afghanistan | Teke, Yomut, Bayandur, Afshar, Ersari, Chowdur, Saryk, Iranian Turkmens, Afghan Turkmens, with significant populations in Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Turkish Sign | West Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe | Turkish Cypriots, Meskhetian Turks, Yoruks, Amuca, along with significant populations in Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, the United States, Syria, and Palestine | Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism |
| Tuscarora | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina) | | |
| Tutchones | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone | Canada (Yukon Territory) | Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones | Native American religion |
| Tutejszy | Indo-European → Slavic → Polish, Indo-European → Slavic → East Slavic, Indo-European → Baltic → Eastern Baltic | Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia | | Christianity → Roman Catholicism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Tutsi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) | Banyamulenge | Christianity, Islam |
| Tuvaluans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Tuvaluan | Tuvalu | | Christianity |
| Tuvans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Steppe Sayan Turkic → Tuvan; Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Tozhu Tuvan, Tere-Khöl Tuvan | Russia (Tuva), Mongolia (Khovsgol Province) | Tozhu Tuvans | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism |
| Udis | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Udi | The Caucasus, Russia, Ukraine | | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Udmurts | Uralic → Permic → Udmurt | Russia (Udmurtia) | Besermyan | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian, Indo-European → Slavic → Surzhyk, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Ukrainian Sign | Ukraine, Russia (Kuban, Siberia), Transcarpathia (Slovakia, Poland), Belarus (Beresteishchyna), and surrounding regions | Cossacks, Litvins, Pinchuks, along with significant populations in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Portugal, New Zealand, Australia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Canada, Italy, Argentina, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Russia (including Kuban and Siberia), Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, Armenia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Serbia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Romania | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism → Ukrainian Greek Catholicism |
| Ulchi | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Ulch | Russia (Ulchsky District) | | |
| Ulster Protestants | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Ulster Scots, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ulster English, BANZSL → British Sign | Ulster (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Umatilla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla | United States (Oregon) | | Native American religion |
| Upper Kuskokwim | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim | United States (Interior Alaska) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
| Urak Lawoi | Austronesian → Malayic → Urak Lawoi | Thailand (Phuket) | | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Urhobos | | Nigeria (Delta State) | | Christianity |
| Ute | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute | United States (Colorado, Utah) | | Native American Church, Christianity |
| Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur, Turkic → Karluk → Tor Uyghur | China (Uyghuristan) | Kashgartsy and Tor Uyghurs, with significant populations in Kazakhstan | |
| Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek | Uzbekistan | Includes Ming, Yuzi and Kyrk tribes. Significant populations in Russia, Pakistan, Canada, the United States, and Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Valencians | Indo-European → Romance → Catalan → Valencian; LSCic → Valencian Sign | Spain (Valencian Community, Carche) | | Christianity → Catholicism[96] |
| Van Baoria | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Shekhawati | India (Rajasthan) | Vad Gujar, Param Veldo, Meowoti, Chandia, Gelot | Hinduism |
| Vaqueiros de alzada | Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese | Spain (Asturias, Province of Leon) | | Christianity and traditional folk religion → Roman Catholicism and traditional folk religion → Vaqueiro religion |
| Vedda | Sinhala-based creoles → Vedda | Sri Lanka | Coast Veddas, Anuradhapura Veddas, Bintenne Veddas | Animism |
| Venda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda | South Africa (Vendaland) | | Christianity, Traditional African religions |
| Vepsians | Uralic → Finnic → Veps | Russia (Former Veps National Volost; Vytegorsky, Babayevsky, Podporozhsky, Lodeynopolsky, Tikhvinsky, and Boksitogorsky districts) | | |
| | Vietnam | Muong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nung, Giay, along with significant populations in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, and Laos | Buddhism → Mahayana, Vietnamese folk religion, Caodaism, Hoa Hao |
| Vilamovians | Indo-European → Germanic → Wymysorys[97] | Poland (Wilamowice) | | |
| Visayans | Austronesian → Philippine → Bisayan | Philippines (Visayas) | Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano (including Boholano and Eskaya), Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbatenos, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon (including Bantoanons), Waray | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Volga Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar | Russia (Tatarstan) | Astrakhan Tatars, Kasimov Tatars, Kazan Tatars, Kryashens, Nagaybaks, Nukrat Tatars, Perm Tatars, Teptyars | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Votians | Uralic → Finnic → Votic | Russia (Ingria), Estonia (Ida-Viru), Latvia (Bauska) | Kreevins, Poluverniki, Kukkuzi | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Wa | Austroasiatic → Palaungic → Wa | Myanmar (Wa State) | | Buddhism, Animism |
| Wakhi | Indo-European → Iranian → Wakhi | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, China | | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism |
| Walla Walla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla | United States (Oregon, Washington) | | Waashat Religion |
| Walloons | Indo-European → Romance → Walloon, Picard, French → Belgian French; Francosign → Belgian Sign → French Belgian Sign | Belgium (Wallonia, adjacent regions of Flanders), France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Ardennes), Netherlands (Dutch Limburg), Germany, Luxembourg | Significant populations in the United States (including Wisconsin) and the Netherlands | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Warlpiris | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Warlpiri, Indo-European and Pama–Nyungan → Warlpiri and Australian Kriol → Light Warlpiri | Australia (Northern Territory) | | Dreamtime |
| Waropen | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Waropen | Indonesia (Waropen Regency) | | Christianity |
| Wassamasaw | | United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina) | | |
| Waxiang | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Waxiang Chinese | China (Hunan) | | Chinese folk religion |
| Wayuu | Arawakan → Wayuunaiki | Colombia (La Guajira), Venezuela | | Ethnic religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
| Welayta | Afro-Asiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta | Ethiopia (Wolayitia) | | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay |
| Indo-European → Celtic → Welsh, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Welsh English, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Wales) | Significant populations in Argentina, the United States, Canada, and Australia. | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Wolane | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane | Ethiopia (Gurage) | | |
| Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof | Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia) | Lebu | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride |
| Wuikinuxv | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala | Canada (British Columbia) | | Native American religion |
| Xavante | Macro-Je → Je → Xavante | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | | Shamanism |
| Xerente | Macro-Je → Je → Xerente | Brazil (Tocantins) | | |
| Xhosa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa | South Africa (Xhosaland) | | Christianity |
| Xokleng | Macro-Je → Je → Xokleng | Brazil (Santa Catarina) | | |
| Yaghnobis | Indo-European → Iranian → Yaghnobi, Indo-European → Iranian → Tajik | Tajikistan (Sughd Region) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Yahgan | Yahgan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) | | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Yakan | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw → Yakan | Philippines (Basilan) | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Yako | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yako | Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government) | | Christianity |
| | Russia (Yakutia) | | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Yali | Trans-New Guinea → Yali | Indonesia (Baliem Valley) | | Christianity, Animism |
| Yanomami | Yanomaman | Southeastern Venezuela, and northern Brazil | | Shamanism |
| Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions) | | Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam |
| Yapese | Austronesian → Oceanic → Yapese | Federated States of Micronesia (Yap) | | Christianity |
| Yenish | Indo-European → Germanic → Yenish | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France | | |
| Yerukala | Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Yerukala | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) | | |
| Sino-Tibetan → Loloish | China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi) | Phu La, Azha | Bimoism |
| Yoa-Lokpa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa | Benin (Donga Department) | | |
| Yoruba | Niger–Congo → Yoruba, Yoruba Sign | Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo) | Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada | Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion |
| Yuchi | Yuchi language | United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina) | | |
| Yugambeh | Pama-Nyungan → Bandjalangic → Yugambeh | Australia (Queensland) | | Alcheringa |
| Yugoslavs | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian, Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Croatia | Significant populations in Serbia, Canada, and the United States | |
| Yukaghir | Yukaghir languages | Russia (Yakutia) | | Shamanism |
| Yup'ik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik | United States (Alaska) | Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik | Christianity, Shamanism |
| Zaghawa | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa | Chad, Sudan | | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Zamboanguenos | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chavacano | Philippines (Zamboanga City) | | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Niger–Congo → Zande | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan | Barambu | Christianity |
| Zapotecs | Oto-Manguean → Zapotec | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Ixtlan | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang[98] | China (Zhuangia) | | Moism |
| Zomi | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga,[99] Sino-Tibetan → Mruic | Zogam (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India) | Thadou, Paite, Zou, Kom, Koireng, Mizo (including Khiangte, Hmar (including Saihriem and Zote), Renthlei, Chawngthu, Miu-Khumi, and Ralte), Aimol, Sukte, Bawm, Lai, Biate, Chin (including Asho, Mro-Khimi, Mru (including Anok, Tshungma, Domrong, Dopteng, and Rumma), Anu, Chho, Cumtu Chin, and Hkongso (including Kasang, Htey, Kamu, Ngan, Gwa, Hteikloeh, Ngai, Rahnam, Kapu, Kasah, Namte, Krawktu, and Namluek)), Kuki (including Vaiphei, Khelma, Halam (including Korbong), Mate, and Simte) Gangte, and Bnei Menashe | Christianity |
| Zonians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Panama (Panama Canal Zone) | | |
| Zoró | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná → Zoró | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | | |
| Zulu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Northern Ndebele | Christianity |
| Zuni | Zuni language | United States (New Mexico) | | |
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