List of tropical cyclones near the Equator explained

Typically, tropical cyclones form at least 5.0 degrees of latitude north and south of the equator, or at least 300 nautical miles (556 km, 345 mi) of the equator. Despite the presence of sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures and generally low wind shear, tropical cyclogenesis is uncommon at these latitudes, due to a lack of the Coriolis force, which causes cyclones to spin. On rare occasions, tropical cyclones can develop within 5º of the equator, though it is more prevalent in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Background

See also: Tropical cyclogenesis. Various factors converge to produce a tropical cyclone, including sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear, ample moisture, and enough atmospheric instability to produce thunderstorms. In addition, weather disturbances typically need to be far enough away from the equator to spin, known as vorticity. This is due to increasing Coriolis force closer to the poles, and which is zero at the equator.^{[1] [2] [3]} One associated phenomenon often seen with low-latitude cyclones is the equatorial westerly wind burst, which allows for sufficient shear vorticity on both sides of the equator to support tropical cyclogenesis.^[4] Westerly wind bursts are typically the most common in the equatorial Western Pacific Ocean.^[5]

List

Note: Only systems that were of tropical depression strength or higher within 5.0 degrees of the equator are included.

Storm	Year			Minimum Latitude	Ref(s)
		bgcolor=#			1.4°N	^[6]
		bgcolor=#			1.5°N	^[7]
		bgcolor=#			1.7°N	^[8]
		bgcolor=#			2.0°N	^[9]
		bgcolor=#			2.0°N	^[10]
		bgcolor=#			2.0°N	^[11]
		bgcolor=#			2.2°N	^[12]
		bgcolor=#			2.5°N	^[13]
		bgcolor=#			2.5°S	^[14]
		bgcolor=#			2.6°N	^[15]
		bgcolor=#			2.7°N	^[16]
		bgcolor=#			2.7°S	^[17]
		bgcolor=#			2.9°N	^[18]
		bgcolor=#			2.9°S	^[19]
		bgcolor=#			3.4°N	^[20]
		bgcolor=#			4.0°N	^[21]
		bgcolor=#			4.3°N	^[22]
		bgcolor=#			4.4°N	^[23]
		bgcolor=#			4.5°N	^[24]
		bgcolor=#			5.0°S	^[25]
		bgcolor=#			5.0°S	^[26]
		bgcolor=#			5.0°N	^[27]
		bgcolor=#			5.0°N	^[28]

See also

• Outline of tropical cyclones
• List of tropical cyclone records

External links

• Steenkamp . Sian C. . G. Kilroy . R. K. Smith . Tropical cyclogenesis at and near the Equator . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society . 145 . 722 . 1846–1864 . 2019 . 10.1002/qj.3529 . 2019QJRMS.145.1846S . 128002922 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: September 8, 2023. Tropical Cyclone Introduction. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 31, 2024.
2. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Introduction . National Weather Service . 23 April 2023.
3. Web site: Chun-yuen . Chau . Why do Tropical Cyclones always Form more than 5 degrees of Latitude away from the Equator? . Hong Kong Observatory . 23 April 2023.
4. Web site: October 10, 2018. Linkage Between Westerly Wind Bursts and Tropical Cyclones. American Geophysical Union. May 21, 2024.
5. Web site: January 13, 2021. Generation of westerly wind bursts by forcing outside the tropics. Nature.com. May 21, 2024.
6. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=2001361N01106}} 2001 VAMEI (2001361N01106)]. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). 19 May 2017.
7. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2004. India Meteorological Department. January 2005. 2015-05-24.
8. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1956081N02154}} 1956 01W:SARAH (1956081N02154)]. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). 19 May 2017.
9. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1978361N02180}} 1979 ALICE (1978361N02180)]. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). 19 May 2017.
10. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=2014093N02148}} 2014 PEIPAH (2014093N02148)]. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). 19 May 2017.
11. Web site: WWJP27 RJTD 040600 . Japan Meteorological Agency . 4 March 2023 . https://archive.today/20230304112104/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt . 4 March 2023 . 4 March 2023.
12. Web site: TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - TROPICAL DEPRESSION NINE-C. Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 22 December 2016. 25 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240325033121/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/CP092015_Nine-C.pdf. 25 March 2024. dead.
13. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1977082N03165}} 1977 PATSY (1977082N03165)]. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). 19 May 2017.
14. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=2002247S03067}} 2002 Moderate Tropical Storm Abaimba (2002247S03067)]. International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. April 2, 2024.
15. Web site: TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - HURRICANE PALI. Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 13 December 2018. 26 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190126220802/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2016/Final-CP012016_Pali.pdf. 26 January 2019. dead.
16. Web site: Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm “FANI” over eastcentral equatorial Indian Ocean and adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal (26 April – 04 May, 2019): Summary. India Meteorological Department. May 17, 2024.
17. Web site: Best Track Data on Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien (10) . . 25 March 2024 .
18. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1959356N05152}} 1959 HARRIET (1959356N05152)]. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). 19 May 2017.
19. Web site: 22 May 2024 . CYCLONE AND CYCLONIC ACTIVITY LA REUNION . dead . https://archive.today/20240522030411/https://meteofrance.re/fr/cyclone . 22 May 2024.
20. Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2012. April 2, 2024. Japan Meteorological Agency.
21. WMO / ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Annual Review 2002. World Meteorological Organization. April 2, 2024.
22. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1970286N06143}} 1970 Super Typhoon Kate (1970286N06143)]. International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. April 2, 2024.
23. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1992003N03176}} 1992 Typhoon Axel (1992003N03176)]. International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. April 2, 2024.
24. Tropical Cyclones 1992. April 2, 2024. Central Pacific Hurricane Center.
25. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1973116S05131}} 1973 Severe Tropical Cyclone FLORESCYCLO (1973116S05131)]. International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. April 2, 2024.
26. Web site: [{{IBTRACS url|id=1982091S03159}} 1982 Severe Tropical Cyclone Bernie (1982091S03159)]. International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. April 2, 2024.
27. India Meteorological Department. May 17, 2024. 2006. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2005.
28. India Meteorological Department. May 21, 2024. 2007. Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2006.