List of doping cases in athletics explained

The use of performance-enhancing drugs (doping in sport) is prohibited within the sport of athletics. Athletes who are found to have used such banned substances, whether through a positive drugs test, the biological passport system, an investigation or public admission, may receive a competition ban for a length of time which reflects the severity of the infraction. Athletes who are found to have banned substances in their possession, or who tamper with or refuse to submit to drug testing can also receive bans from the sport. Competitive bans may also be given to athletes who test positive for prohibited recreational drugs or stimulants with little performance-enhancing effect for competitors in athletics. The sports body responsible for determining which substances are banned in athletics is the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

Typically, any athlete who tests positive for banned substances after having served a previous ban receives a lifetime ban from the sport of athletics. Many high-profile sportspeople to receive doping bans have come from the sport of athletics, with significant past cases concerning Ben Johnson, Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. Furthermore, a number of athletes who underwent state-sponsored doping programmes in East Germany and the Soviet Union between the 1950s and 1980s were competitors in athletics, but the quality of the international anti-doping work was so poor that only one East German athlete ever tested positive. Following allegations of state-sponsored doping in Russia, the IAAF suspended the country's athletes from competition, including the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Name	Country	Event	Date of violation	Banned substance(s)/ Anti-doping rule violation	Sanction	Reference(s)
Ahmed Abd El Raouf		Hammer throw	2008	Norandrosterone	2 years	^[1]
Inga Abitova		Long distance	2009	Biological passport anomalies	2 years	^[2]
Folashade Abugan		Sprinting	2010	Testosterone prohormone	2 years	^[3] ^[4]
Ibrahim Mohamed Aden		Middle distance	1999		Public warning	^[5] ^[6]
Tosin Adeloye		Sprinting	2012 2015	Metenolone Exogenous steroids	2 years 8 years
		Hammer throw	2007		Public warning	^[7]
		Long distance	2011		3 months
Amina Aït Hammou		Middle distance	2008	3 whereabouts failures	1 year	^[8]
Seltana Aït Hammou		Middle distance	2008	3 whereabouts failures	1 year	^[9]
Chioma Ajunwa		Long jump, sprinting	1992		4 years	^[10] ^[11]
Esther Akinsulie		Sprinting	2013	Hydrochlorothiazide	6 months	^[12]
Ashwini Akkunji		Sprinting	2011	Anabolic steroids	2 years	^[13]
		Marathon	2012	Clenbuterol	2 years	^[14]
		Long distance	1972	Self admittance of blood transfusions (not illegal at the time)	—	^[15]
Mariem Alaoui Selsouli		Middle distance	2009 2012	EPO Furosemide	2 years 8 years
Sultan Al-Dawoodi		Discus throw	2009	Norandrosterone	2 years
Denis Alekseyev		Sprinting	2013	Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone	2 years	^[16]
Barakat Al-Harthi		Sprinting	2011	Methylprednisolone	6 months	^[17]
Ghfran Almouhamad		Hurdling	2012	Methylhexaneamine	6 months	^[18]
Anna Alminova		Middle distance	2010 2009	Pseudoephedrine Biological passport anomalies	3 months 30 months	^[19] ^[20]
Anthony Alozie		Sprinting	2013	3 Whereabouts Failures	20 months	^[21]
Aslı Çakır Alptekin		Middle distance/steeplechase	2004 2010	Metenolone Biological passport	2 years 8 years	^[22] ^[23] ^[24] ^[25] ^[26]
Chinaza Amadi		Long jump	2015	Metenolone	4 years
		Sprinting	2005	Testosterone	2 years	^[27]
Anis Ananenka		Middle distance	2015	GW1516	4 years	^[28] ^[29]
Andreas Anastasopoulos		Shot put	2001		2 years	^[30]
Georg Andersen		Shot put	1991	Metenolone	21 months	^[31] ^[32]
Marvin Anderson		Sprinting	2009	4-Methyl-2-hexanamine	3 months	^[33]
Lyudmila Andonova		High jump	1985	Amphetamine	18 months	^[34]
		Decathlon	2003		2 years	^[35]
Vladimir Andreyev		Race walking	2005	Salbutamol	1 year
Yuriy Andronov		Race walking	2014	Trimetazidine	2 years
		Long distance	2014	Hydrochlorothiazide	18 months	^[36]
Adrián Annus		Hammer throw	2004	Missed test, tampering	2 years	^[37] ^[38]
Seema Antil		Discus throw	2000		Public warning	^[39]
Elena Antoci		Middle distance	2008	EPO		^[40]
Olena Antonova		Discus throw	2009 (Retested 2013)	Stanozolol	2 years
Esref Apak		Hammer throw	2013		2 years	^[41]
		Long distance	2014	Phentermine, Prednisolone, Norandrosterone	2 years	^[42]
Demetra Arachoviti		Hurdling	2012	Stanozolol	2 years
Geisa Arcanjo		Shot put	2010	Hydrochlorothiazide	Public warning	^[43]
Juana Arrendel		High jump	1999	Stanozolol		^[44]
		Hurdling	2010	Metenolone	2 years
Natalya Artyomova		Middle distance		Steroids		^[45]
Tatiana Aryasova		Long distance	2012	Hydroxyethylstarch	2 years	^[46]
Elena Arzhakova		Middle distance	2011	Biological passport violation	2 years
		Long distance	2015	Stanozolol	4 years
Delilah Asiago		Long distance	1999			^[47]
Innocent Asonze		Sprinting	1999
Wayne Athorne		Decathlon		Methandienone (Dianabol)		^[48]
Duncan Atwood		Javelin throw	1985	Stimulant	Life ban (later reduced)	^[49]
Olutoyin Augustus (Toyin Augustus)		Hurdles	2009	Abnormal testosterone levels	2 years	^[50]
Anna Avdeyeva		Shot put	2013	Oral Turinabol (anabolic steroid)	2 years	^[51]
Roman Avramenko		Javelin throw	2013 2015	Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone	2 years 8 years
Hussein Awada		Cross country running Half marathon	2012	Nandrolone	2 years
Mark Anthony Awere		Long jump	2001		3 months	^[52]
		Sprinting	2012	Nandrolone	2 years
Süreyya Ayhan		Middle distance	2004 2007	Interfering with test Stanozolol, Methandienone	2 years Life ban	^[53]
Masoud Azizi		Sprinting	2013	Nandrolone	2 years
		Long distance	2010	Biological passport anomalies	2 years
Ndiss Kaba Badji		Long jump, triple jump	2005	Androstenedione	2 years
Oleksandr Bagach		Shot put	1989 1997	Steroids Ephedrine	2 years Public warning and disqualification	^[54] ^[55]
José Alessandro Bagio		Race walking	2010	19-Norandrosterone	2 years	^[56]
Amina Bakhit		Middle distance	2009	Norandrosterone	2 years
Sergey Bakulin		Race walking	2011	Biological passport anomalies	3 years and 2 months
Živilė Balčiūnaitė		Long distance	2010	Testosterone	2 years
Michal Balner		Pole vault	2010	Cannabis	1 month
Onalenna Baloyi		Middle distance	2010	Methylhexanamine	2 years
Yuliya Balykina		Sprinting	2013	Drostanolone	2 years
Falk Balzer		Hurdling	2001	Nandrolone	2 years	^[57]
Konstadinos Baniotis		High jump	2013	Furosemide	Public warning	^[58]
Jarrod Bannister		Javelin throw	2012	3 Whereabouts Failures within an 18-month period	20 months	^[59]
Kelly-Ann Baptiste		Sprinting			2 years	^[60] ^[61]
Shawnacy Barber		Pole vault	2016	Cocaine	Public warning	^[62]
Roberto Barbi		Marathon	1996 2001 2008	Ephedrine EPO EPO, Ephedrine	3 months 4 years, reduced to 25 months Life ban	^[63] ^[64] ^[65]
Roxana Bârcă		Long distance running	2013	Methasterone	2 years
Randy Barnes		Shot put	1990 1998	Methyltestosterone Androstenedione	27 months Life ban	^[66] ^[67] ^[68]
Yarelys Barrios		Discus throw	2008	Acetazolamide		^[69]
Bruno de Barros		Sprinting	2009	EPO	2 years
		Cross country running	2014	Methyltestosterone	2 years	^[70]
Giuliano Battocletti		Long distance running	1999	Nandrolone	16 months	^[71]
Dieter Baumann		Long distance	1999	Nandrolone	2 years	^[72]
Julie Baumann		Hurdling	1989	Stanozolol	2 years	^[73]
Vadim Bavikin		Javelin throw	1994	Steroids	4 years	^[74]
		Heptathlon	1989		2 years
James Beckford		Long jump	1997	Ephedrine	3 months	^[75]
Violeta Beclea		Middle distance	1995	Steroids	4 years
		Steeplechase	2015	Ostarine	4 years	^[76]
Alemitu Bekele		Long distance	2009	Biological passport anomalies	2 years and 9 months	^[77]
Mimi Belete		Middle/Long distance	2010	Salbutamol	Public reprimand and disqualification	^[78]
Irina Belova		Heptathlon	1993	Testosterone	4 years	^[79] ^[80]
Kenta Bell		Triple jump	2007	Methylprednisolone	3 months	^[81] ^[82]
		Sprinting	2004	Norandrosterone	2 years
Yassine Bensghir		Middle distance	2014	Biological passport	4 years
Yahya Berrabah		Long jump	2009 2011	Cannabis EPO	Public warning 4 years (2nd ADRV)
Gwen Berry		Hammer throw	2016	Use of a prohibited substance (Vilanterol Trifenatate)	3 months	^[83]
Michael Berry		Sprinting	2010	Cannabis	3 months	^[84] ^[85]
		Hammer throw	2015	Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone	4 years
		Discus throw	1983		Life ban	^[86]
		800 m	2017	Erythropoietin out-of-competition test in November 2017	4 years	^[87]
Antonella Bevilacqua		High jump	1996	Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine		^[88]
Uwe Beyer		Hammer throw	1960's/1970's	Anabolic steroids (self-admitted)	—	^[89] ^[90]
Alemayehu Bezabeh		Middle/Long distance	2010	Use of a prohibited method (Operation Galgo)	2 years	^[91]
		Long distance	2006	Norandrosterone	2 years	^[92]
Quentin Bigot		Hammer throw	2014	Methandienone and Stanozolol	2 years	^[93] ^[94]
Madina Biktagirova		Long distance	1992	Norephedrine		^[95]
Yuriy Bilonoh		Shot put	2004 (Sample retested 2012)	Oxandrolone	3 years	^[96]
Svetlana Biryukova		Long jump	2014		2-year ban	^[97]
Dominique Blake		Sprinting	2006 2012	Ephedrine Methylhexanamine	9 months 4 years and 6 months (Reduced from 6 years)	^[98] ^[99] ^[100] ^[101]
Yohan Blake		Sprinting	2009	4-Methyl-2-hexanamine	3 months
José Luis Blanco		Middle distance	2010	EPO	2 years	^[102]
Zhanna Block		Sprinting	2002	BALCO scandal	2 years
Lyudmyla Blonska		Heptathlon, long jump	2003 2008	Stanozolol Methyltestosterone	2 years Life ban	^[103] ^[104]
Petr Bogatyrev		Race walking	2011	Biological passport anomalies	2 years
Ato Boldon		Sprinting	2001	Ephedrine	Public warning
Scott Boothby		Hammer throw	2006	Finasteride, 6-oxo-androstenedione	4 years (Reduced from 8 years)	^[105] ^[106] ^[107]
Valeriy Borchin		Race walking	2005 2009	Ephedrine Biological passport anomalies	1 year 8 years	^[108]
Béranger-Aymard Bossé		Sprinting	2016	Prednisolone	2 years
Mihaela Botezan		Long distance	2007	Chlortalidone	2 years	^[109] ^[110]
Chakir Boujattaoui		Long-distance	2010	MIRCERA	2 years	^[111]
Brahim Boulami		Steeplechace	2002	EPO	2 years	^[112]
Larbi Bouraada		Decathlon	2012	Stanozolol	2 years
Abderrahime Bouramdane		Marathon	2011	Biological passport	2 years	^[113]
Zahra Bouras		Middle-distance	2012		2 years
Sofiya Bozhanova		Long/Triple jump	1994		4 years	^[114]
Kevin Braunskill		Sprinting	1994	Stanozolol	4 years	^[115]
Grit Breuer		Sprinting	1992	Clenbuterol	2 years	^[116]
Okkert Brits		Pole vault	2003	Ephedrine	Public warning	^[117]
Damien Broothaerts		Hurdling	2011	Methylhexanamine, 3 whereabouts failures	1 year (Reduced from 2 years)	^[118]
		Sprinting	2013	Hydrochlorothiazide	2 years	^[119]
Erik de Bruin		Discus throw, shot put	1993	Testosterone, Stanozolol, hCG	4 years	^[120]
Ricky Bruch		Discus throw	1960's/1970's	Anabolic steroids (self-admitted)	—	^[121]
Yelyzaveta Bryzhina		Sprinting	2013	Drostanolone	2 years
Aleksandr Bulanov		Shot put	2009	Methandienone	2 years
Viktor Burayev		Race walking	2008	EPO	2 years	^[122]
Tamara Bykova		High jump	1990	Ephedrine	3 months	^[123] ^[124]
Yolanda Caballero		Long distance	2011 2014	Biological passport Tampering	4 years
		Sprinting, hurdling	1998	Nandrolone	2 years	^[125]
		Long distance	1987			^[126]
		Long distance	2010	EPO	2 years
Jillian Camarena-Williams		Shot put	2013	Clomiphene	6 months	^[127]
John Capel		Sprinting	2004 2006	Cannabis Cannabis	Public warning 2 years	^[128] ^[129]
Dean Capobianco		Sprinting	1996	Stanazolol	2 years (Reduced from 4 years)	^[130]
		Sprinting	2011	Anabolic steroid	2 years	^[131]
LaMark Carter		Triple jump	2004	Salbutamol	Public warning	^[132] ^[133]
Silviu Casandra		Race walking	2002		2 years	^[134]
Arnaud Casquette		Long jump	2005	Cannabis	6 months	^[135]
Víctor Castillo		Long jump	2006 2011	Furosemide Methylhexaneamine	2 years 4 years	^[136]
Recep Çelik		Race walking	2012	Metenolone	2 years
Jolanda Čeplak		Middle distance	2007	EPO	2 years	^[137] ^[138]
Dwain Chambers		Sprinting	2003	THG, Testosterone, EPO, HGH, Insulin, Modafinil & Liothyronine	2 years	^[139] ^[140]
		Long distance	2011	Biological passport	4 years
Jamel Chatbi		Steeplechase	2009	Clenbuterol	3 years	^[141]
Jani Chathurangani Silva		Sprinting	2006	Nandrolone	2 years	^[142]
David Chaussinand		Hammer throw	23 May 2002 24 June 2002	Metenolone Clenbuterol	3 years	^[143]
Mouhcine Cheaouri		Pole vault	2016	Stanozolol	4 years
Emily Chebet		Long distance, cross country	2015	Furosemide	4 years
Cristiana Checchi		Shot put	2003	Caffeine	Public warning	^[144]
Viktor Chegin		Coach		Administration of a prohibited substance, complicity	Life ban
Abdelatif Chemlal		Steeplechase	2004	Norandrosterone	2 years	^[145] ^[146]
Flomena Chepchirchir		Marathon	2014		6 months
Pamela Chepchumba		Cross country running	2003	EPO	2 years	^[147] ^[148]
Susan Chepkemei		Long distance	2007	Salbutamol	1 year	^[149] ^[150]
Svetlana Cherkasova		Middle distance	2007	Fraudulent substitution of urine	33 months	^[151] ^[152] ^[153]
Lada Chernova		Javelin throw	2008 2013		2 years Life ban	^[154] ^[155] ^[156]
Tatyana Chernova		Heptathlon	2009	Oral Turinabol	2 years	^[157]
Lydia Cheromei		Long distance	2005	Clomiphene	2 years	^[158]
Damu Cherry		Hurdling	2003	Norandrosterone	2 years	^[159]
Silvano Chesani		High jump	2007	Formoterol	Public warning	^[160]
Christophe Cheval		Sprinting	2001	Nandrolone	2 years	^[161]
Dimitrios Chondrokoukis		High jump	2012	Stanozolol	2 years	^[162] ^[163]
Fouad Chouki		Middle distance	2003	EPO	2 years	^[164]
		Long distance	2007	Stanozolol	2 years	^[165]
Linford Christie		Sprinting	1999	Nandrolone	2 years	^[166]
Vivian Chukwuemeka		Shot put and discus	2009 2012	Oxymetholone Stanozolol	2 years Life ban
Clement Chukwu		Sprinting	1992		4 years	^[167] ^[168]
Yelena Churakova		Hurdling	2013	Methandienone & Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone	2 years	^[169]
Hazel Clark		Middle distance	2001	Pseudoephedrine	Public warning	^[170]
Venolyn Clarke		Sprinting	2001	Stanozolol	4 years	^[171]
Ramon Clay		Sprinting	2000–2004	Steroids and hormones (BALCO scandal)	2 years	^[172] ^[173]
Luis Collazo		Long distance	2011	Exogenous steroids	2 years
Michelle Collins		Sprinting	2002–2004	THG, EPO (BALCO scandal)	4 years (Reduced from 8 years)	^[174] ^[175]
		Hurdling	1980	Steroids	18 months	^[176] ^[177]
		Sprinting	1999
Harold Connolly		Hammer throw	1960's	Self-admitted; Anabolic steroids	–	^[178] ^[179]
Jessica Cosby		Hammer throw	2009	Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide	4 months	^[180] ^[181]
		Cross country running	2011	EPO	2 years	^[182]
Daniela Costian		Discus throw	1986			.^[183]
		Middle/Long distance	2008	Testosterone	3 years	^[184]
Crystal Cox		Sprinting	2002 2001–2004	Ephedrine (positive test) Anabolic steroids (self admitted)	Public warning 4-year ban	^[185]
Shawn Crawford		Sprinting	2012	3 whereabouts failures	2 years	^[186] ^[187]
Olga Cristea		Middle-distance	2010	Testosterone	2 years	^[188]
Peter Dajia		Shot put	1983– 1986	Self admittance in 1989: Steroids Positive test: Steroids, Testosterone	18 months	^[189] ^[190]
Martina Danišová-Hrasnová		Hammer throw	2003	Nandrolone	2 years	^[191]
Bonnie Dasse		Shot put	1992	Clenbuterol	4 years	^[192]
Marie Davenport (Marie McMahon)		Long distance	1996	Phenylpropanolamine	Reprimand	^[193]
Walter Davis		Triple jump	2013	3 whereabouts failures	1 year
		Hurdling	2013	β-Methylphenethylamine	6 months	^[194]
Mary Decker (Mary Slaney)		Middle distance	1996	Testosterone		^[195]
Tony Dees		Hurdling	2001	Norandrosterone, Noretiochdandone	Life ban
Hind Dehiba		Middle distance	2007	EPO	2 years	^[196]
Tatyana Dektyareva		Hurdling	2014	Ostarine	2 years	^[197]
Dimitrios Delifotis		Long jump	1984
Luis Delís		Discus throw/shot put	1990
		Middle/Long distance	2005	Metenolone	2 years
		Steeplechase	2007	EPO	2 years
Sébastien Denis		Hurdling	2005	Ephedrine	Public warning
Lyubov Denisova		Marathon	2007	Prostanozol, testosterone	2 years	^[198]
Manuela Derr		Sprinting	1992	Clenbuterol	3 years	^[199]
Ronald Desruelles		Long jump	1980			^[200]
Hrysopiyi Devetzi		Triple/Long jump	2009 2007 (Retest 2015)	Failure to submit to doping control Stanozolol	2 years 4 years	^[201]
Vadim Devyatovskiy		Hammer throw	2000	Nandrolone	2 years	^[202]
		Long distance	2006	Refusal to submit to doping control	3 years	^[203] ^[204]
		Discus throw	2010	Testosterone metabolites		^[205]
Alberico Di Cecco		Marathon	2008	EPO	2 years	^[206]
Rostislav Dimitrov		Triple jump	1999	Ephedrine		^[207]
Svetla Dimitrova		Heptathlon	1989	Sydnocarb	2 years	^[208]
Katalin Divós		Hammer throw	2001		2 years	^[209]
		Sprinting	2005	Metenolone	2 years	^[210]
Abderahmane Djemadi		Long distance	2001	Refusal to submit to doping control	2 years	^[211]
Gábor Dobos		Sprinting	2000 2006	Drostanolone, testosterone	2 years Life ban	^[212] ^[213]
Jim Doehring		Shot put	1990	Steroids	2 years	^[214]
Bahar Doğan		Long distance	2011		2 years and 6 months
Bishop Dolegiewicz		Shot put, discus throw	1973–1985	Self admittance (The Dubin Inquiry): Steroids	National record annulled	^[215] ^[216]
Marta Dominguez		Middle distance	2009	Biological passport	3 years	^[217]
Tetyana Dorovskikh (Tatyana Samolenko)		Middle distance	1993	Unknown substance		^[218]
Rashid Shafi Al-Dosari		Discus throw	2003	Refused to submit to doping control	2 years	^[219] ^[220]
Troy Douglas		Sprinting	1999	Nandrolone	2 years	^[221] ^[222]
Horace Dove-Edwin		Sprinting	1994	Stanozolol	2 years	^[223]
Hanna Drabenia		Race walking	2015	Trimetazidine	2 years
Rasa Drazdauskaitė		Long distance	2003	Stanozolol	2 years	^[224]
Heike Drechsler		Long jump/sprinting	1980's	Self admittance	—	^[225]
Hamza Driouch		Middle distance	2012	Biological passport anomalies	2 years	^[226]
Jon Drummond		Coach	2012/ 2013	Possession, trafficking and administration of prohibited substances	8 years	^[227] ^[228]
Oleksandr Dryhol		Hammer throw	2013	Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone	2 years
		Shot put	2014	Oxilofrine	6 months
Aleksandra Duliba		Marathon	2013	Biological passport	2 years
Corina Dumbrăvean		Middle distance	2007 2010	Refusal to submit to testing	2 years Life ban	^[229]
Julien Dunkley		Sprinting	2008	Boldenone	2 years	^[230]
Debbie Dunn		Sprinting	2012	Testosterone	2 years	^[231]
Lyudmila Dzhigalova		Sprinting	1993	Steroids	4 years	^[232]
Monzavous Edwards		Sprinting	2004		Public warning	^[233]
Paul Edwards		Shot put	1993 1997	Anabolic steroids, raised testosterone and pseudoephedrine Tetrahydrocannabinol	4 years Life ban	^[234] ^[235]
Torri Edwards		Sprinting	2004	Nikethamide	15 months (Reduced from 2 years)	^[236] ^[237] ^[238] |-|Daniel Effiong||Sprinting|1995|Methyltestosterone and ephedrine|4 years|^[239] ^[240] |-|Inna Eftimova||Sprinting|2011

Notes and References

1. Web site: Doping Rule Violation – Ahmed Abdel RAOUF . 13 November 2008 . iaaf.org . IAAF . 14 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150102053906/http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/doping-rule-violation-28 . 2 January 2015. live.
2. Web site: Ex-European Champion Abitova Gets 2-Year Ban. 7 November 2012 . RIA Novosti. 18 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140724081653/http://en.ria.ru/sports/20121107/177266232.html . 24 July 2014. live.
3. Web site: Third Nigerian tests positive. 15 October 2015 . bbc.co.uk . BBC . 18 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140510195008/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9095226.stm. 10 May 2014. live.
4. Web site: Abugan makes slow return in Calabar 2013. 19 June 2013 . athletics-africa.com. 18 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143229/http://www.athletics-africa.com/s/news/africa/nigeria/abugan-makes-slow-return-in-calabar-2013-6448?PageSpeed=noscript . 4 February 2015. live.
5. BBC Sport: Two disqualified over drugs, 25 August 1999
6. Web site: Mohamed Ibrahim Aden . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20041231021915/http://www2.iaaf.org/News/PressReleases/getnews.asp?Event=WCH99&Code=1409 . 31 December 2004 .
7. Web site: Doping Rule Violation – Susan Olufunke ADEOYE . 13 February 2008 . iaaf.org . IAAF . 15 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151015122707/http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/doping-rule-violation-96 . 15 October 2015. live.
8. Web site: Doping Rule Violation – Amina AIT HAMMOU . 28 August 2008 . iaaf.org . IAAF . 14 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151014141411/http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/doping-rule-violation-38 . 14 October 2015. live.
9. Web site: IAAF: Medical anti-doping - iaaf.org . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090213035627/http://iaaf.org/antidoping/news/newsid=47377.html . 13 February 2009 .
10. News: OLYMPICS; Sophisticated Doping Begets More Testing. The New York Times. Michael. Janofsky. 19 July 1992. 2019-12-29. 7 November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121107195821/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/19/sports/olympics-sophisticated-doping-begets-more-testing.html. live.
11. Tana Aiyejina: Much ado about broken African 100m record, punchng.com, 25 August 2013
12. The Canadian Press: Canadian sprinter Akinsulie suspended for anti-doping rule violation, cbc.ca, 26 June 2013
13. News: India bans seven athletes for failing doping tests. BBC. 23 December 2011. 16 November 2012. 22 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120822045104/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-16315183. live.
14. News: Brad . Emons . Free Press Marathon women's winner explains two-year ban for doping: I have nothing to hide . Detroit Free Press . 17 October 2022 . Detroit, Michigan . USA Today . 14 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221018000543/https://eu.freep.com/story/sports/marathon/2022/10/17/free-press-marathon-womens-winner-mary-akor-beasely-doping-ban-usada/69569831007/ . 18 October 2022 . en.
15. Malin Roos: OS-stjärnan: Vi dopade oss, expressen.se, 5 November 2005
16. http://rupaper.com/post/1222 The Russian prize-winner of the olympic games-2008 is disqualified for a dope
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