List of countries by steel production explained
The article summarizes the world steel production by country.
In 2023, total world crude steel production was nearly 1.9 billion tons (Gt). The biggest steel producing country is currently China, which accounted for 54% of world steel production in 2023.[1] In 2020, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, China became the first country to produce over one billion tons of steel.[2] In 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016 output fell in the majority of steel-producing countries as a result of the global recession. In 2010 and 2017, it started to rise again. Crude steel production contracted in all regions in 2019 except in Asia and the Middle East. India is the 2nd leading producer of iron and steel industries.
List of countries by steel production
This is a list of countries by steel production in 1967, 1980, 1990, 2000 and from 2007 to 2021, based on data provided by the World Steel Association.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] All countries with annual production of crude steel at least 2 million metric tons.
| + style="text-align:left;" | Crude steel production (million metric tons): |
| data-sort-type="number" | Rank (2021) ! | data-sort-type="text" | Country/Region | 2023 | 2022 | 2021[9] | 2020 | 2019[10] [11] | 2018[12] [13] | 2017[14] | data-sort-type="number" | 2016[15] ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2015[16] ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2014[17] ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2013[18] ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2012 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2011 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2010 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2009 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2008 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2007 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 2000 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 1990 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 1980 ! | data-sort-type="number" | 1967 |
|---|
| - | World | 1,888.2 | 1,887.6 | 1,951.9 | 1,877.5 | 1,874.4 | 1,808.4 | 1,674.8 | 1,606.3 | 1,620.4 | 1,670.1 | 1,649.3 | 1,552.9 | 1,490.1 | 1,413.6 | 1,219.7 | 1,326.5 | 1,351.3 | 850.1 | 770.4 | 716.4 | 497.2 |
| 1 |  China | 1,019.1 | 1,018.0 | 1,032.8 | 1,064.8 | 995.4 | 920.0 | 831.7 | 786.9 | 803.8 | 822.7 | 779.0 | 724.7 | 683.3 | 626.7 | 573.6 | 500.3 | 494.9 | 128.5 | 66.4 | 37.1 | 14.0 |
| 2 |  India | 140.2 | 125.4 | 118.2 | 100.3 | 111.4 | 109.3 | 101.5 | 95.5 | 89.6 | 87.3 | 81.2 | 77.3 | 72.2 | 68.3 | 62.8 | 57.8 | 53.5 | 26.9 | 15.0 | 9.5 | 6.3 |
| 3 |  Japan | 87.0 | 89.2 | 96.3 | 83.2 | 99.3 | 104.3 | 104.7 | 104.8 | 105.2 | 110.7 | 110.6 | 107.2 | 107.6 | 109.6 | 87.5 | 118.7 | 120.2 | 106.4 | 110.3 | 111.4 | 62.0 |
| 4 |  United States | 80.7 | 80.5 | 85.8 | 72.7 | 87.8 | 86.6 | 81.6 | 78.5 | 78.9 | 88.2 | 87.0 | 88.6 | 86.2 | 80.6 | 58.2 | 91.4 | 98.1 | 101.8 | 89.7 | 101.4 | 115.0 |
| 5 | | 75.8 | 71.7 | 75.6 | 71.6 | 71.7 | 72.0 | 71.3 | 70.5 | 71.1 | 71.5 | 69.4 | 70.6 | 68.7 | 66.9 | 60.0 | 68.5 | 72.4 | 59.1 | 89.6 | n/a | n/a[19] |
| 6 | South Korea | 66.7 | 65.8 | 70.4 | 67.1 | 71.4 | 72.5 | 71.1 | 68.6 | 69.7 | 71.5 | 66.0 | 69.3 | 68.5 | 58.5 | 48.6 | 53.6 | 51.5 | 43.1 | 23.1 | 8.5 | 0.3 |
| 7 |  Turkey | 33.7 | 35.1 | 40.4 | 35.8 | 33.7 | 37.3 | 37.5 | 33.2 | 31.5 | 34.0 | 34.7 | 35.9 | 34.1 | 29.0 | 25.3 | 26.8 | 25.8 | 14.3 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
| 8 |  Germany | 35.4 | 36.9 | 40.1 | 35.7 | 39.6 | 42.4 | 43.6 | 42.1 | 42.7 | 42.9 | 42.6 | 42.7 | 44.3 | 43.8 | 32.7 | 45.8 | 48.6 | 46.4 | 44.0 | 51.1 | 41.3 |
| 9 |  Brazil | 31.9 | 34.1 | 36.2 | 31.0 | 32.6 | 35.4 | 34.4 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 33.9 | 34.2 | 34.7 | 35.2 | 32.8 | 26.5 | 33.7 | 33.8 | 27.9 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 3.6 |
| 10 | Iran | 31.1 | 30.6 | 28.5 | 29.0 | 25.6 | 24.5 | 21.8 | 17.9 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 14.5 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | — |
| 11 |  Italy | 21.1 | 21.6 | 24.4 | 20.4 | 23.2 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.0 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 27.2 | 28.7 | 25.8 | 19.7 | 30.6 | 31.6 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 26.5 | 15.9 |
| 12 | | 18.9 | 20.8 | 23.2 | 21.0 | 22.0 | 23.2 | 23.2 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 20.7 | 20.2 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 19.9 | 20.9 | | | | |
| 13 | Vietnam | 19.0 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | — |
| 14 |  Ukraine | 6.2 | 6.3 | 21.4 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.1 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 22.9 | 27.2 | 32.8 | 32.9 | 35.3 | 33.6 | 29.9 | 37.3 | 42.8 | 31.8 | 54.6 | 52.3 | n/a |
| 15 |  Mexico | 16.3 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 3.0 |
| 16 |  Indonesia | 16.0 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.5 | — |
| 17 |  Spain | 11.3 | 11.6 | 14.2 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 18.6 | 19.0 | 15.8 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 4.5 |
| 18 |  France | 10.0 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 12.8 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 21.0 | 19.0 | 23.1 | 19.6 |
| 19 |  Canada | 12.3 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 15.9 | 8.8 |
| 20 |  Egypt | 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| 21 |  Saudi Arabia | 9.9 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 5.2 | 4.8[20] | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.1 | — |
| 22 |  Poland | 6.4 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 13.6 | 19.5 | 10.4 |
| 23 |  Austria | 7.1 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 3.0 |
| 24 |  United Kingdom | 5.6 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 17.8 | 11.3 | 24.3 |
| 25 |  Belgium | 5.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 9.7 |
| 26 |  Malaysia | 7.5 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 27 |  Netherlands | 4.7 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 3.4 |
| 28 |  Australia | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 6.3 |
| 29 |  Bangladesh | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 30 |  Thailand | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | — |
| 31 |  Pakistan | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | — | — |
| 32 |  South Africa | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 3.7 |
| 33 |  Argentina | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
| 34 |  Slovakia | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 5.1 | n/a | n/a |
| 35 |  Czech Republic | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 9.7 | n/a | n/a[21] |
| 36 |  Sweden | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.62 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
| 37 |  Kazakhstan | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 7.4 | n/a | n/a |
| 38 |  Finland | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 0.4 |
| 39 |  Algeria | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 4.62 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
| 40 |  Romania | | | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 13.2 | 4.1 |
| 41 |  United Arab Emirates | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | — | — | n/a |
| 42 |  Belarus | | | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | — | — |
| 43 |  Luxembourg | | | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 |
| 44 |  Oman | | | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 45 |  Portugal | | | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 46 | North Korea[22] | | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 3.4 | | |
| — | Soviet Union | 88.1 | 85.2 | 105.6 | 102.0 | 100.4 | 101.3 | 102.1 | 102.0 | 101.6 | 106.1 | 108.9 | 111.0 | 112.7 | 108.9 | 98.3 | 114.8 | 124.7 | 98.6 | 154.4 | 147.9 | 96.9[23] | - | 40 |  Qatar | | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | — |
| 47 | | | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | | 44 |  Hungary | | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 45 |  Serbia | | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.7 | - | - | - | - | - --> |
| - | Others[24] | | | 24.8 | 27.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 28.4 | 29.5 | 29.9 | 29.5 (est.) | 23.3 (est.) | 28.6 (est.) | 30.7 (est.) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
Exports
net: exports - imports
Top steel net exporters in 2018| Rank | Country | Mt |
|---|
| 1 | Russia | 26.4 |
| 2 | Japan | 24.8 |
| 3 | South Korea | 16.1 |
| 4 | Ukraine | 13.9 |
| 5 | China | 13.5 |
| 6 | India | 12.1 |
| 7 | Brazil | 8.7 |
| 8 | Turkey | 6.0 |
| 9 | Egypt | 4.4 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.0 | |
Imports
Net: imports − exports
Top steel net importers in 2018| Rank | Country | Mt |
|---|
| 1 | United States | 13.6 |
| - | European Union | 10.0 |
| 2 | Saudi Arabia | 7.2 |
| 3 | Philippines | 6.6 |
| 4 | Vietnam | 6.6 |
| 5 | Poland | 5.6 |
| 6 | Indonesia | 4.2 |
| 7 | Israel | 3.3 |
| 8 | Bangladesh | 2.5 |
| 9 | Uzbekistan | 2.5 |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 2.4 | |
World steel production trend
Development of the worldwide production of steel in millions of tons.
| Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1880 | 4.0 |
| 1900 | 28.3 |
| 1901 | 31.0 |
| 1902 | 34.5 |
| 1903 | 36.1 |
| 1904 | 36.3 |
| 1905 | 44.9 |
| 1906 | 51.2 |
| 1907 | 53.0 |
| 1908 | 41.4 |
| 1909 | 54.2 |
| 1910 | 60.3 |
| 1911 | 60.5 |
| 1912 | 72.8 |
| 1913 | 76.4 |
|
| Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1914 | 60.4 | | 1915 | 66.6 | | 1916 | 78.2 | | 1917 | 82.0 | | 1918 | 77.2 | | 1919 | 58.5 | | 1920 | 72.5 | | 1921 | 45.2 | | 1922 | 68.8 | | 1923 | 78.3 | | 1924 | 78.5 | | 1925 | 90.4 | | 1926 | 93.4 | | 1927 | 101.8 | | 1928 | 110.0 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1929 | 120.8 | | 1930 | 95.1 | | 1931 | 69.6 | | 1932 | 50.7 | | 1933 | 68.0 | | 1934 | 82.4 | | 1935 | 99.5 | | 1936 | 124.3 | | 1937 | 135.7 | | 1938 | 110.0 | | 1939 | 137.1 | | 1940 | 140.6 | | 1941 | 153.8 | | 1942 | 151.4 | | 1943 | 159.6 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1944 | 151.2 | | 1945 | 113.1 | | 1946 | 111.6 | | 1947 | 136.0 | | 1948 | 155.3 | | 1949 | 160.0 | | 1950 | 191.6 | | 1951 | 211.1 | | 1952 | 211.6 | | 1953 | 234.8 | | 1954 | 223.8 | | 1955 | 270.0 | | 1956 | 283.5 | | 1957 | 292.5 | | 1958 | 274.3 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1959 | 305.7 | | 1960 | 346.4 | | 1961 | 351.3 | | 1962 | 360.1 | | 1963 | 387.1 | | 1964 | 433.4 | | 1965 | 454.0 | | 1966 | 472.7 | | 1967 | 497.2 | | 1968 | 529.8 | | 1969 | 574.6 | | 1970 | 595.4 | | 1971 | 582.6 | | 1972 | 630.7 | | 1973 | 697.5 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1974 | 703.8 | | 1975 | 643.0 | | 1976 | 675.5 | | 1977 | 675.6 | | 1978 | 717.2 | | 1979 | 746.4 | | 1980 | 716.4 | | 1981 | 707.0 | | 1982 | 645.0 | | 1983 | 663.4 | | 1984 | 710.3 | | 1985 | 718.9 | | 1986 | 714.0 | | 1987 | 735.5 | | 1988 | 780.1 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 1989 | 786.0 | | 1990 | 770.4 | | 1991 | 733.6 | | 1992 | 719.7 | | 1993 | 727.5 | | 1994 | 725.1 | | 1995 | 752.3 | | 1996 | 750.1 | | 1997 | 799.0 | | 1998 | 777.3 | | 1999 | 789.3 | | 2000 | 850.1 | | 2001 | 851.1 | | 2002 | 904.2 | | 2003 | 969.9 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 2004 | 1,071.4 | | 2005 | 1,144.0 | | 2006 | 1,247.1 | | 2007 | 1,351.3 | | 2008 | 1,326.5 | | 2009 | 1,219.7 | | 2010 | 1,413.6 | | 2011 | 1,490.1 | | 2012 | 1,552.9 | | 2013 | 1,649.3 | | 2014 | 1,670.1 | | 2015 | 1,620.4 | | 2016 | 1,606.3 | | 2017 | 1,674.8 | | 2018 | 1,808.4 | |
| | Year | Prod. |
|---|
| 2019 | 1,869.9 | | 2020 | 1,880.4 | | 2021 | 1,950.5 | | 2022 | 1,888.7 | | 2023 | 1,888.2 | |
| |
See also
External links
Notes and References
- News: World Steel in Figures 2021 . en . dead . 2021-07-23 . 2021-06-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083325/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:976723ed-74b3-47b4-92f6-81b6a452b86e/World%20Steel%20in%20Figures%202021.pdf .
- News: China's steel sector sees output growth in 2020. 2021-03-07. en.
- http://www.worldsteel.org/pictures/newsfiles/2009%20graphs%20and%20figures.pdf World Steel Association
- http://www.worldsteel.org/pictures/newsfiles/2010%20statistics%20tables.pdf World Crude Steel Production 2010
- http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/steel-stats/Crude-steel-production-2011/document/Crude%20steel%20production%202011.pdf World Crude Steel Production 2011
- Web site: 22 January 2013 . World Crude Steel Production - Summary . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130418001729/http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/press-release-downloads/2012/2012-statistics-table/document/2012%20statistics%20table.pdf . 2013-04-18 . 2014-07-27. World Crude Steel Production 2012
- Web site: World Steel Production 1980-2013 . World Steel Association . Nov 2014 . 4 April 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150420161500/http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/statistics-archive/production-archive/steel-archive/steel-annually/steel-annually-1980-2013/document/steel%20annually%201980-2013.pdf . 20 April 2015 .
- Web site: Handbook of World Steel Statistics . 1978 . 4 April 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150513202042/http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/statistics-archive/yearbook-archive/A-handbook-of-world-steel-statistics-1978/document/A%20handbook%20of%20world%20steel%20statistics%201978.pdf . 13 May 2015 .
- Web site: Total production of crude steel - World total 2021 . World Steel Association . 2022-05-06 . 2023-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230227132624/https://worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/annual-production-steel-data/P1_crude_steel_total_pub/CHN/IND . dead .
- Web site: Global crude steel output increases by 3.4% in 2019.
- Web site: World Crude Steel Production. 2020-01-27. WorldSteel. 2020-07-05. 2020-01-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20200130161636/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:391fbe61-488d-46d1-b611-c9a43224f9b8/2019%2520global%2520crude%2520steel%2520production.pdf. dead.
- Web site: Global crude steel output increases by 4.6% in 2018.
- Web site: World Crude Steel Production. 2019-01-25. WorldSteel. 2019-02-01. 2019-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042330/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:dcd93336-2756-486e-aa7f-64f6be8e6b1e/2018%2520global%2520crude%2520steel%2520production.pdf. dead.
- Web site: Monthly crude steel production - 2017. 2018-01-24. World Steel Assoctiation. 2018-02-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072305/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:0909050c-1086-4017-95ef-0eb94b1487c2/Steel+production+December+2017.pdf. 2018-02-05. dead.
- Web site: Monthly crude steel production . World Steel Association . 24 Apr 2017 . 1 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170729142036/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:44ae2d3d-62ff-4868-9f60-e17a43e75092/Crude+steel+production_March+2017.pdf . 29 July 2017 . dead .
- Web site: Steel Statistical Yearbook 2016 . World Steel Association . 2016 . 28 March 2017 . 17 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170117163112/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:37ad1117-fefc-4df3-b84f-6295478ae460/Steel+Statistical+Yearbook+2016.pdf . dead .
- Web site: Steel Statistical Yearbook 2015 . World Steel Association . 2015 . 22 November 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151122235059/http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/bookshop/2015/Steel-Statistical-Yearbook-2015/document/Steel%20Statistical%20Yearbook%202015.pdf . 22 November 2015 .
- Web site: World Steel Statistics data 2013 . World Steel Association . 23 January 2014 . 4 February 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140211021748/http://www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/press-release-downloads/2013/2013-Statistics-Tables/document/2013%20Statistics%20Tables.pdf . 11 February 2014 .
- Was part of USSR until 1992
- partial data
- Was part of Czechoslovakia until 1993
- https://ecos.bok.or.kr/#/Short/0cbe04 Bank of Korea data. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- Hermann. Haack. Zahlen und Tatsachen zur Entwicklung der Sowjetunion, 50 Jahre Sowjetmacht. 1 January 1967.
- composition of other countries vary year to year, thus is not comparable
- excluding intra-regional trade
