List of city nicknames in Texas explained

This partial list of city nicknames in Texas compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities in Texas are known by (or have been known by historically), officially and unofficially, to locals, outsiders or their tourism boards. The Texas state legislature has officially granted many Texas cities honorary designations as the state's "capital" of something.^[1] City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity, helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname; promote civic pride; and build community unity.^[2] Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community "ideology or myth" are also believed to have economic value.^[2] Their economic value is difficult to measure, but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by "branding" themselves by adopting new slogans.^[3]

Some of the nicknames are positive, while others are derisive. The unofficial nicknames listed here are those that have been used for such a long time or have gained so wide a currency that they have become well known in their own right.

Nicknames by city

A-C

• Abilene
  • The Key City^[4]
  • Lene Town (used in hip-hop culture)^[5]
• Alpine – Gateway to the Big Bend^[6]
• Amarillo- The Big Brown Flat, Bomb City (due to proximity to the Pantex facility), Yellow City
• Anahuac – Alligator Capital of Texas^{[7] [8]}
• Anthony – Leap Year Capital of the World (shared with Anthony, New Mexico)^[9]
• Arlington – The American Dream City^[10]
• Athens – Blackeyed Pea Capital of the World^[11]
• Austin
  • ATX^[12]
  • Bat City^{[13] [14]}
  • The Capitol City
  • The City of Legends^[15]
  • City of the Violet Crown^[16]
  • Hippie Haven^[17]
  • "Blueberry in the Red State"^[18]
  • Live Music Capital of the World^{[19] [20]}
  • River City^[21]
  • Silicon Hills
  • The Velvet Rut
• Baird – Antique Capital of Texas^[8]
• Bandera – Cowboy Capital of the World^[22]
• Bertram – Home of the Oatmeal Festival
• Boerne – Key to the Hill Country^[23]
• Brady – The True Heart of Texas^[24]
• Brackettville – Home of John Wayne's The Alamo
• Breckenridge – Mural Capital of Texas^[8]
• Brenham – Ice Cream City^[8]
• Brownsville – Chess Capital of Texas^[8]
• Buda – Outdoor Capital of Texas^[8]
  • • Burnet Bluebonnet co-Capital of Texas (with Llano, TX)^[25]
  • It is pronounced BURN-IT, Durn-it, Can't ya LEARN it?
• Caldwell – Kolache Capital of Texas^{[8] [26]}
• Clifton – Norwegian Capital of Texas^{[8] [27]}
• College Station – Aggieland,^[28] Cstat
• Colorado City – The Heart of West Texas
• Commerce – Bois d'arc Capital of Texas^[8]
• Corpus Christi – Sparkling City by the Sea
• Corsicana – Fruit Cake Capital of the World, Cana
• Crystal City – Spinach Capital of the World^{[11] [29]}
• Cuero – Turkey Capital of the World^[30]

D-F

• Dallas
  • Big D^[31]
  • City of Hate^{[32] [33] [34]}
  • D-Town^[35]
  • Metroplex (with Fort Worth)
  • Pegasus City
  • Triple D^[36]
  • DTX
• Danevang – Danish Capital of Texas^{[8] [27]}
• Deer Park – The Birthplace of Texas^[37]
• Denison – Wine Root Stock Capital of the World^[8]
• Denton
  • Little Austin^[38]
  • Little D^[39]
  • Redbud Capital of Texas^[40]
• Dickens – Wild Boar Capital^[7]
• Dublin – Irish Capital of Texas^[8]
• Duncanville – City of Champions^[41]
• Eagle Lake – Goose Hunting Capital of the World^[42]
• Eagle Pass – Where Yee-Ha Meets Olé^[43]
• El Paso
  • The City With a Legend^[44]
  • Chuco Town
  • El Chuco^[45]
  • EPT
  • The Sun City^[46]
• Electra – Pump Jack Capital of Texas^[8]
• Elgin – Sausage Capital of Texas^{[8] [26]}
• Ennis – Bluebonnet City^[8]
• Falfurrias - Land of Heart's Delight
• Floresville – Peanut Capital of Texas^[47]
• Flower Mound – FloMo
• Floydada – Pumpkin Capital^[11]
• Fort Davis – Where the Stars Come Out to Play^[43]
• Fort Worth
  • Cowtown ^{[19] [48]}
  • Funky Town
  • Panther City
  • Metroplex (with Dallas)
  • Queen City of the Prairie^{[48] [49]}
  • Fort Crunk
  • Where the West Begins^[48]
  • The Big Juicy
  • The Fort
• Fredericksburg
  • Fritztown^[50]
  • Polka Capital of Texas^[8]
• Friona – Cheeseburger Capital of Texas^[8]
• Frisco - Sports City, USA

G-L

• Gainesville – The Front Porch of Texas
• Galveston
  • Oleander City^[51]
  • G-town
  • Galveston Island
  • Galvatraz
• Gatesville – Spur Capital of Texas^[8]
• George West – Storyfest Capital of Texas^[8]
• Georgetown – Red Poppy Capital of Texas^[8]
• Gilmer – Home of the Yamboree (refers to yams)^[52]
• Glen Rose – Dinosaur Capital of Texas^[8]
• Gonzales – Lexington of Texas. (The first battle of the Texas Revolution occurred here; the name is a reference to Lexington, Massachusetts, where the American Revolutionary War began.)^[53]
• Hamilton – Dove Capital of Texas^[30]
• Happy – The Town Without a Frown^{[22] [52]}
• Hawkins – Pancake Capital of Texas^{[8] [26]}
• Hearne – Sunflower Capital of Texas^{[8] [11]}
• Hebbronville - Vaquero Capital of Texas
• Hereford – Town Without a Toothache^{[43] [22] [52]}
• Houston -- see Nicknames of Houston
• Huntsville
  • Prison City of Texas (the Texas Department of Criminal Justice is headquartered in Huntsville)^[54]
  • Execution Capital of the World/Death Penalty City (Texas' execution chamber is located in Huntsville, and Texas often leads all US states in executions per year; death row was located in Huntsville but later relocated)^{[54] [55] [56]}
  • Huntsvegas
  • Bluntsville
• Hutto – Hippo Capital of Texas^[8]
• Jacksonville – Tomato Capital of the World^[57]
• Jasper – Butterfly Capital of Texas^[58]
• Jefferson – Bed and Breakfast Capital of Texas^[8]
• Jones Creek – Historic City of the Future
• Kaufman – Red Tail Hawk Capital^[30]
• Kenedy
  • Horned Lizard Capital of Texas^[8]
  • Texas Horned Lizard Capital of the World^[8]
• Kerrville – Lose Your Heart to the Hills,^[43] Heavens Waiting Room
• Kilgore – Texas City of Stars^[8]
• Killeen – Kill City
• Kingsville – Gem City of the Southwest^[59]
• Knox City – Seedless Watermelon Capital of Texas^[8]
• Lake Jackson – The City of Enchantment^[60]
• Laredo
  • The City Under Seven Flags
  • The Gateway City
• Linden – Music City Texas
• Llano – Deer Capital of Texas^[7]
• Lockhart – Barbecue Capital of Texas^{[8] [26]}
• Longview – Purple Martin Capital of Texas^[8]
• Lubbock
  • Hub City^[61]
  • Hub of the Plains^[61]
• Lufkin – Crossroads of East Texas

M-Q

• Madisonville – Mushroom Capital of Texas^[8]
• Mansfield - Murdafield^[8]
• Marlin – Hot Mineral Water City of Texas^[62]
• Mauriceville – Crawfish Capital of Texas^[8]
• McAllen
  • City of Palms^[63]
  • Square Dance Capital of the World^[64]
  • The Texas Tropics^[65]
• McCamey – Wind Energy Capital of Texas^[8]
• Mercedes - The Queen City^[66]
• Mesquite – Rodeo Capital of Texas^[8]
• Midland
  • Ostrich Capital of Texas^[8]
  • The Tall City^[67]
  • Petroplex (shared with Odessa)^[67]
• Midlothian – Cement and Steel Capital of Texas^[68]
• Mineola – Birding capital of East Texas^{[8] [30]}
• Mission – Home of the Ruby Red Grapefruit^[52]
• Mineral Wells - Miserable Wells^[8]
• Mount Pleasant – Bass Capital of Texas^[69]
• Nacogdoches – The Oldest Town in Texas^[70]
• Naples – The Watermelon Capital of The World
• Navasota – Blues Capital of Texas^[8]
• New Fairview - Keeping It Country^[71]
• Odessa
  • Jackrabbit Capital of Texas^[22] or Jackrabbit-Roping Capital of Texas^[8]
  • Petroplex (shared with Midland)^[67]
• Palacios
  • City By The Sea^[72]
  • Shrimp Capital of Texas^[72]
• Paris – Crape Myrtle City^[8]
• Plano – Hot Air Balloon Capital of Texas^[8]
• Port Arthur – Energy City^{[73] [74]}
• Quitman – Big Bass Capital of Texas^[69]

R-T

• Roanoke – The Unique Dining Capital of Texas^[75]
• Rockwall - Live Music Capital of North Texas
• Round Rock – Daffodil Capital of Texas^[8]
• San Angelo
  • The End of the Rainbow^[76]
  • The Oasis of West Texas^[77] (The city is unusual in West Texas for having three rivers and three lakes.)
  • Queen City of Central West Texas^[76]
  • Texas' biggest small town^[78]
  • Wool Capital^{[76] [77]} or the Wool and Mohair Capital of the World^[79]
• San Antonio
  • Alamo City^[80]
  • Countdown City^[81]
  • Spurs Nation
  • Deuce Dime
  • River City^[82]
  • San Antone^{[83] [84] [85] [86]}
  • Something to Remember^[43]
  • Military City, USA^[87]
• San Marcos
  • San Marvelous^[88]
• Sanderson – Cactus Capital of Texas
• Sansom Park – City on the Move^[89]
• Seguin – Pecan Capital of the World
• Shenandoah – More Than Just a Song^[43]
• Smiley – Poultry Capital of the World^[90]
• Smithville – Heart of the Megalopolis^[91]
• Temple – Wildflower Capital of Texas^[8]
• Terlingua – Chili Capital of the World^[29]
• Texarkana
  • Twice as Nice
  • T-Town
  • Twin City
  • TK
• Texas City – City by the Bay^[92]
• The Colony – City by the Lake^[93]
• The Woodlands
  • The Hoodlands
  • The Bubble
  • Disney Woods
• Turkey – Western Swing Capital of the World^[22]
• Tyler – Rose Capital of the World^[29]

U-Z

• Victoria – The Crossroads of South Texas^[94]
• Waco – The Buckle of the Bible Belt^[95]
• Waxahachie – Crape Myrtle Capital of Texas,^[8] Hachie
• Weatherford
  • Cutting horse capital of the world.^[7]
  • Peach Capital of Texas ^[96]
  • Watermelon Capital of the World.^[29]
• Weslaco – Citrus Capital of Texas^[8]
• West – Czech Heritage Capital of Texas^[8]
• West Tawakoni – Catfish Capital of Texas^[8]
• Wichita Falls – The City That Faith Built, The Falls, Falls Town, Fallsvegas
• Wills Point – Bluebird Capital of Texas^{[8] [30]}

See also

• List of city nicknames in the United States
• List of municipalities in Texas

External links

• a list of American and a few Canadian nicknames
• U.S. cities list

Notes and References

1. Official Capital Designations , Texas State Library and Archives Commission, accessed July 3, 2008
2. Web site: Muench, David . Wisconsin Community Slogans: Their Use and Local Impacts . University of Wisconsin Extension . December 1993 . April 10, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130309175857/http://www.uwex.edu/ces/cced/economies/communityindicators/communityslogans.pdf . March 9, 2013.
3. Alfredo Andia, Branding the Generic City, MU.DOT magazine, September 10, 2007
4. The nickname is used in the title of a book, Abilene, The Key City, by Juanita Daniel Zachry, published in 1986 by Windsor Publications in cooperation with the Texas Sesquicentennial Committee for Abilene.b/OL2714832M/Abilene,-the-key-city
5. Barry Popik, Lene Town (Abilene nickname), March 13, 2008
6. http://www.alpinetexas.com/mayor.html Message from the Mayor
7. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/animals.html Claims to Fame - Animals
8. A symbolic "capital" designated by the Texas Legislature, listed in Official Capital Designations , Texas State Library and Archives Commission, accessed July 3, 2008
9. http://www.leapyearcapital.com/ World Wide Leap Year Birthday Club in Anthony TX/NM the Leap Year Capital of the World
10. http://www.arlington-tx.gov Arlington Texas City Website
11. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/agriculture.html Claims to Fame - Agriculture
12. News: Solo Travel Guide: Austin, Texas. SoloGuides. en-US. 2016-12-20. 2016-10-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20161026180943/http://sologuides.com/austin/. live.
13. Web site: Bat City Review The University of Texas at Austin . 2021-09-24 . 2021-04-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412194848/http://batcityreview.com/ . live .
14. http://www.batcon.org/home/index.asp?idPage=122 Welcome to Bat Conservation International
15. Web site: Austin FC: "The City of Legends" . 2021-09-24 . 2021-04-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418012328/https://twitter.com/AustinFC/status/1383407523919646728 . live .
16. Web site: The Big Apple: City of the Violet Crown (Austin nickname) . 2008-01-06 . 2007-12-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071221011824/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/city_of_the_violet_crown_austin_nickname/ . live .
17. News: How Many of These Texas City Nicknames Do You Know?. Texas Standard. 2016-12-20. 2017-04-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20170406183135/http://www.texasstandard.org/shows/07292015/how-many-of-these-texas-city-nicknames-do-you-know/. live.
18. Web site: Perry. Rick. Governor of Texas. youtube.com. Jimmy Kimmel Live. 2014-08-24. 2021-09-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20210924215505/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPJqeDzf5UQ. live.
19. http://www.taglineguru.com/monikerlist.html U.S. City Monikers
20. Web site: Austin Music and Musical Attractions - Live Music in Austin, TX . 2008-01-06 . 2007-12-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071231090444/http://www.austintexas.org/music/ . live .
21. Web site: The Big Apple: River City (Austin nickname). 2016-09-29. 2016-10-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002090313/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/river_city_austin_nickname. live.
22. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/index.html Claims to Fame - Favorites
23. Web site: About | West Ammann Road . 2011-09-08 . 2018-01-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180117012032/http://westammannroad.com/?page_id=2 . live .
24. http://www.bradytx.com/7659068_75200.htm Visitor's Information
25. Web site: Official Capital Designations | TSLAC . 2012-09-28 . 2012-10-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121023232950/https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ref/abouttx/capitals.html . live .
26. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/food.html Claims to Fame - Food
27. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/ethnic.html Claims to Fame - Ethnic Groups
28. Web site: Aggie Glossary Austin Aggie Moms' Club. austinaggiemoms.org. 2016-12-20. 2016-10-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20161013142533/http://austinaggiemoms.org/aggie-glossary/. live.
29. Web site: The World Capital of Whatever. The New York Times. Harold. Faber. 1993-09-12. 2018-11-15. 2008-04-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20080418221645/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9F0CE6DC1430F931A2575AC0A965958260. live.
30. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/birds.html Claims to Fame - Birds
31. Hall, Cheryl "Perot Museum makes a statement about business in Big D" The Dallas Morning News, Dallas, 1 November 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
32. Web site: City of Hate (Dallas nickname) . Barry Popik . September 7, 2008 . The Big Apple . October 30, 2012 . November 12, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121112191528/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/city_of_hate_dallas_nickname/ . live .
33. News: 25 Years After the Death of Kennedy, Dallas Looks at Its Changed Image . Peter Applebome . New York Times . November 21, 1988 . Few American cities have come under the kind of national scorn that befell Dallas in the days and weeks after President Kennedy died here. The city found itself widely condemned as a city of hate. . February 10, 2017 . September 6, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170906172754/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/21/us/25-years-after-the-death-of-kennedy-dallas-looks-at-its-changed-image.html . live .
34. Web site: Dallas to Dealey . Jerry Organ . 2000 . The Kennedy Assassination . 2012-10-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150707145854/http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/organ5.htm . 2015-07-07 . dead .
35. Web site: Entry from November 19, 2007 D-Town (Dallas nickname). February 8, 2013. January 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130122162027/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/d_town_dallas_nickname/. live.
36. Web site: Slang You Need to Know to Survive in DFW. Buckels. Lucas. 2016-03-22. Thrillist. 2019-09-07. 2019-09-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20190903020134/https://www.thrillist.com/lifestyle/dallas/slang-you-need-to-know-to-survive-in-dfw. live.
37. Web site: Economic Development . City of Deer Park, Texas . Why the "Birthplace of Texas"? Deer Park is the site where initial treaty documents securing Texas' independence from Mexico were drafted following the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836. . 2012-12-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130123041413/http://www.deerparktx.gov/department/?fDD=36-0 . 2013-01-23 . dead .
38. Web site: How Many of These Texas City Nicknames Do You Know?. 29 July 2015. 19 August 2021. 20 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210820005632/https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/how-many-of-these-texas-city-nicknames-do-you-know/. live.
39. Web site: Behind The Badge. NBC News. 29 January 2010. 16 April 2017. 17 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170417071736/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35125956/ns/dateline_nbc-crime_reports/t/behind-badge/. dead.
40. Web site: Celebrate in the Redbud Capital of Texas. 19 August 2021. 19 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819235800/https://kdb.org/redbud-festival/#:~:text=In%201994%2C%20Keep%20Denton%20Beautiful,%E2%80%9CRedbud%20Capital%20of%20Texas.%E2%80%9D. live.
41. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/braggadocio.html Claims to Fame - Braggadocio
42. http://www.eaglelake-tx.gov/ Eagle Lake, Texas
43. http://www.taglineguru.com/citymottosmonikers.html Tagline Guru City Branding Survey
44. Based on the lyrics of Marty Robbins' song El Paso City
45. Amazon.com's Description of Brides And Sinners in El Chuco: Short Stories quotes Publishers Weekly: "El Paso is El Chuco ("the disgusting one") to locals of the border town where Granados sets the 15 stories of this debut."
46. http://www.ci.el-paso.tx.us/demo.asp City of El Paso website
47. http://www.shopinfloresville.com/community.html
48. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 Fort Worth, Texas
49. Oliver Knight and Cissy Stewart Lale (1953) Fort Worth , Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 109: "Fort Worth in 1880 was being hailed as the Queen City of the Prairie."
50. Web site: Fredericksburg the Texas Hill Country. Fredericksburg Convention and Visitor Bureau. 27 July 2014. 27 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140727175734/http://www.visitfredericksburgtx.com/?s=fritztown&x=12&y=11. live.
51. https://web.archive.org/web/20080216221351/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,737166,00.html Queen City
52. Web site: Wanda. McKinney. Our Favorite Town Slogans. https://web.archive.org/web/20071107124712/http://www.southernliving.com/southern/features/southerners/article/0%2C28012%2C1044912%2C00.html. 2007-11-07. Southern Living. April 2005.
53. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hfg06/ Handbook of Texas Online - GONZALES, TX
54. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0QLQ/is_/ai_n19295799 Prison city; life with the death penalty in Huntsville, Texas
55. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week637/cover.html Huntsville: Death Capital
56. http://www.ctlibrary.com/ct/1998/july13/8t8045.html Karla Faye's Final Stop: How my hometown deals with being the execution capital of the world
57. http://www.tomatocapital.com/postcards/tomatocapital.asp Tomato Capital of the World
58. Web site: Jasper | Texas AgriLife Extension Service . 2021-09-24 . 2012-05-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120509142214/http://jasper.agrilife.org/ . live .
59. http://www.historic-kingsvilletx.com/ Historic Downtown Kingsville
60. http://www.lakejackson-tx.gov/pages/history-of-lake-jackson.php History of Lake Jackson
61. Barry Popik, Hub of the Plains (Lubbock nickname), March 14, 2008. BarryPopik.com. Accessed February 8, 2012
62. Web site: Marlin Website . 2021-09-24 . 2010-05-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527190842/http://www.marlintexas.com/ . live .
63. https://visitmcallen.com/about-us/history/ VisitMcAllen.com
64. Atul Gawande, The Cost Conundrum, The New Yorker, June 1, 2009, page 36
65. http://www.medc.org/didyouknow.php Did You Know...
66. https://cityofmercedes.com/
67. http://www.randmcnally.com/destination.do?destinationId=1110&catId=4 Midland/Odessa, TX: History
68. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/products.html Claims to Fame - Products
69. http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/fish.html Claims to Fame - Fish
70. http://www.ci.nacogdoches.tx.us/ City of Nacogdoches website
71. https://newfairview.org/
72. http://www.palaciostexas.com/ Welcome to Palacios, Texas
73. Katherine Ling, Buoyed by fresh petrodollars, 'Energy City' dares to hope, Greenwire (E&E Publishing), June 2, 2008. "Battered by the petroleum industry's decline in the 1980s and hit hard by Hurricane Rita in 2005, the self-proclaimed "Energy City" has struggled for years with high unemployment, crime and pollution."
74. David Ball, Group wants to bring solar energy to Port Arthur, Port Arthur News, December 2, 2008. "Chatman said Port Arthur still wants to be known as energy city."
75. Web site: Roanoke Texas . 2013-06-20 . 2011-09-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110902084441/http://www.roanoketexas.com/ . live .
76. http://ranchmagazine.com/index.php/Articles/Ranching/San-Angelo-Texas-in-1922.html San Angelo, Texas, in 1922
77. http://www.noelke.org/monte/2000/sg021700.htm A Changed Oasis
78. http://media.www.asurampage.com/media/storage/paper896/news/2005/09/09/Features/Extreme.Makeover.San.Angelo.Asu.Students.Surprised.By.Stores.Shopping.Now.Avail-2674859.shtml Extreme Makeover: San Angelo. ASU Students Surprised by Stores, Shopping now Available
79. http://www.willettcompaniesllc.com/Sunset-Mall.html Our Properties: Sunset Mall, San Angelo Texas
80. Web site: Alamo City (San Antonio nickname) . Barry . Popik . The Big Apple . December 20, 2007 . July 27, 2014 . August 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140809041508/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/alamo_city_san_antonio_nickname . live .
81. Web site: Countdown City or 210 (San Antonio nickname) . Barry . Popik . The Big Apple . January 20, 2008 . April 16, 2017 . April 17, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170417072313/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/countdown_city_or_210_san_antonio_nickname . live .
82. Web site: River City (San Antonio nickname) . Barry . Popik . The Big Apple . May 2016 . 2014-07-27 . 2014-07-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140717120004/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/river_city_san_antonio_nickname/ . live .
83. Hall, E., "Transcript of letter from E. Hall to James F. Perry ", December 9, 1835. Accessed May 24, 2019. University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History. "[I] have been surrounded by applicants for Texas service and have provided 50 to sail in Scho Santiago for Brasoria and hope they will be provided with facilities to go to San fillipe or San Antone."
84. Olmsted, Frederick Law, "Journey through Texas, or, A saddle-trip on the southwestern frontier : with a statistical appendix ", Dix, Edwards & Co., New York: 1857, p. 187. Accessed May 24, 2019. University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History. "They give us fifty cent a pound for our butter in San Antone!"
85. Marini, Richard A., "You know you're from San Antonio if ...", mySa, San Antonio Express-News, March 21, 2012. 11 references to 'San Antone'.
86. Ayala, Christine, "No, Obama, it's not called 'San Antone'", Dallas Morning News, May, 2016. "The use of "San Antone" is most common in music, featured in songs from Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash and George Strait, to name a few."
87. Web site: City of San Antonio unveils 'Military City USA' trademark logo. 2020-07-23. Joint Base San Antonio. en-US. 2020-07-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20200724105724/https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/1218583/city-of-san-antonio-unveils-military-city-usa-trademark-logo/. live.
88. Web site: San Marvelous (San Marcos nickname). 2016-07-14. 2016-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20160731182101/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/san_marvelous_san_marcos_nickname/. live.
89. https://web.archive.org/web/20070421021404/http://irvineworldnews.com/Astories/febs22/cityside.htm Motto ought to be boffo
90. https://smileytx.com/history/ City of Smiley City Website
91. http://www.ci.smithville.tx.us/ City of Smithville City Website
92. http://www.texas-city-tx.org/ City of Texas City website
93. http://www.ci.the-colony.tx.us// City of The Colony website
94. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcv03/ Handbook of Texas Online - VICTORIA COUNTY
95. Hal Crowther, Gather at the River: Notes from the Post-millennial South, page 86. "Baylor, the world's largest Baptist university, sets the moral tone for the town secular Texans call 'the Buckle of the Bible Belt.'"
96. http://www.ci.weatherford.tx.us/index.asp?NID=721 Brief History